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Karimi M*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2022.07.000257

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Children have different views about pediatric dentists and different perceptions about their personalities. If you have ever talked to these children, you will find that they live in a fantasy world and have a special conception of anyone and everything...... ReadMore

Irosha Perera*, Chandra Herath, Manosha Perera and Chandana Gajanayake

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2022.07.000256

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Introduction: COVID-19 global pandemic caused suspension of routine and preventive dental treatment whilst prioritizing emergency care. Preventive oral health care services contribute to oral health improvements among high-risk children and pregnant women. We, therefore, aim to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on utilization of preventive oral health care services targeted for high-risk groups provided by a premier tertiary care public dental hospital in Sri Lanka. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study on performance statistics of the Preventive Oral Health Unit of National Dental Hospital (Teaching) Sri Lanka was conducted for the periods from 1st January to 30th November 2020, pertaining to pre-COVID- 19 period (baseline), 1st Wave of COVID-19, transition period and on-going second wave. Comparisons were done o..... ReadMore

Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur*, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, Mega Kahdina and Hernalia Martadila Putri

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2022.07.000255

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Cyst is a pathological cavity that is filled with fluid or semifluid, limited by the epithelium, or not and can cause intraoral and extraoral enlargement which can clinically resemble a benign tumor (Neville et al, 2002). Cysts are classified into 3 major groups, namely cysts on the jaw, cysts associated with the maxillary antrum, and soft tissue cysts on the face, face and neck. Odontogenic cysts arethe most common form of cystic lesions affecting the maxillofacial region [1]. Dentigerous cysts can occur at any age, but most cases of these cysts occur at the age of approximately 20 years. Males are more frequently affected than females and are mostly associated with impacted mandibular third molars, first and second premolars and canines. Dentigerous cysts are usually asymptomatic and are mostly diagnosed by routine radiographs. Patients..... ReadMore

Karimi M DMD, BS*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.07.000254

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Pain is considered as the fifth vital sign in modern medical practice. Hence apart from other vital parameters, evaluation of pain has become a primary and necessary requirement for proper patient care and comfort. Septorhinoplasty is an elective and ambulatory surgical procedure which involves massive hard and soft tissue manipulation in the nasal region of the face. The postoperative pain is severe in septorhinoplasty since it necessitates to operate on the nasal cartilage and bone [1]. This postoperative pain is often disturbing, distressing and requires efficient pain control management [2]. Severe postoperative pain can lead to complications such as delayed wound healing, ischemia, thromboembolism, pulmonary complications, immunological changes, increased hospitaliza tion and cost of treatment [3,4]. In this quest to provide effectiv..... ReadMore

Hee Ja Na and Moon Sil Choi*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.07.000253

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Purpose: Patients with prosthesis-equipped post-implantation prosthesis performance were continuously observed, revealing the association of marginal bone loss with gender and age implant success and survival rates during a 1year study of clinical prosthesis placement; with results used as a reference for implant procedures and prognosis. Methods: This study was conducted on 31 patients from January to February 2021 at Y Dental Hospital in Gwangju, with 20 men and 11 women equipped with prosthetics after implant procedure a year earlier. The subjects of the study were carried out with the G-power program, and 31 subjects were extracted. The distance from the shoulder of the implant to the attachment point of the dichotomous bone was measured at the center of the area of atrophy, checking both from the mesial region to the distal region us..... ReadMore

Grisham EA, Wells MH*, Kocak M, De Schepper E, Woods MA and Fernandez J

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.07.000252

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In pediatric dentistry, parents often face challenging scenarios and are required to consider multiple factors in making treatment decisions for their child...... ReadMore

Karimi M, DMD, BS*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.07.000251

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Periodontal disease is a type of bacterial infectious disease that causes bone destruction and supportive fibers of periodontal tissues. It seems the prevalence of this disease is more common in adults and would increase during pregnancy. Researchers believe hormonal changes are the main factors of developing this disease. Inflammation or infection of the gums increases the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. If the problem is left untreated, mothers who would experience severe oral infections and gingival bleeding during the pregnancy would be at a greater risk for preterm birth...... ReadMore

Sujunpan* and Hee Ja Na

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000250

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Dental Clinic contains not Only Blood and Saliva, but also blood and saliva. in aerosol exposed environment to droplet spreader Infection Adequately adhering to the Infection control principle to block the transmission of the contagious Coronavirus-19 is very important to protect Patients and Dentists. Centers for Disease control and Prevention’s Coronavirus Infectious Diseases-19 Response Guidelines [1]. The study was based on guidelines for Behavior in Patient Care, Dental workforce management, and infection control in Dental installations in response to coronavirus infections-19. First of all, hand hygiene is Before and after patient contact and implemented. It shall be conducted in all cases where the patient’s blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excrements, or other pollutants have been contacted or exposed to the patient’s surro..... ReadMore

Gaurav Gupta*, DK Gupta, Priyanka Gupta, Parth Shah and Neelja Gupta

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000249

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Supernumerary teeth are also known as hypodontia which is defined as an extra number of teeth as compared to normal dentition formula of oral cavity [1]. The prevalence percentage of supernumerary teeth ranges from 0.10% to 3.6% in permanent dentition while 0.02% to 1.9% in case of primary dentition [2]. The supernumerary tooth cited in premaxillary region is termed as mesiodens. Usually, it has conical crown with single root which may be single or multiple. It might be one of the cause for creating eruption disturbances of incisors. Largely, (55.2%) of mesiodens found are in vertical position, whereas (37.6%) are inverted and remaining 7% are horizontally positioned [3]. The cause might be due to complex interaction of genetic as well as environmental factors [1]. Inverted mesiodens etiology still remains unknown. Various complications a..... ReadMore

Supriya Nambiar*, Soumendra Sahoo, Ciraj AM, Asavari Desai, Anupama Nayak, Mithun Pai and Nanditha Sujir

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000248

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Oral health is integral to general health and can restrict activities in school, at work and at home, causing loss of productive hours. Moreover, there is diminished quality of life due to psychosocial oral manifestations. There are several barriers to oral healthcare like, a lack of acknowledgement of the importance of oral health, perception of oral health as independent and secondary to general health, no access to an oral health provider due to geographic distance, dental treatment is unaffordable, and quality of dental treatment is varied. Singh et al. [1] suggested integrating oral health into general health so that it becomes more acceptable to the community, thereby addressing oral care inequality in India. But grass-root level health workers and doctors do not have adequate knowledge about oral hygiene and prevention of orodental..... ReadMore

Mohammad Karimi*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000247

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Periodontal disease in children is a condition in which there are destruction and resorption of the supporting bone of the teeth, which has three types: local, diffuse, and pre-pubertal. The local type of severe bone resorption is symmetrically and bilaterally in the deciduous dental arch, which is not accompanied by inflammation of the gingival tissue and plaque. The causative agents are hereditary blood disorders along with bacterial agents. In the diffuse type, which occurs mostly in puberty and progressively, symptoms such as gingivitis, plaque, and calculus are evident. Treatment for these two conditions is surgery with the use of Tetracycline and sometimes Metronidazole. Local bone resorption is mainly the cause of systemic diseases such as blood disorders, leukemia, diabetes, and inherited Syndromic diseases. Gingival recession can..... ReadMore

Chandra Herath, Irosha Perera*, Primali Jayasooriya and Manosha Perera

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000246

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Teeth contribute to essential daily functions such as eating, speaking, smiling, aesthetics and overall quality of life of an individual. Importantly, the appearance of teeth is fundamental to facial attractiveness of children and adolescents. An aesthetically pleasing face with attractive smile ranks first among all other attributes of attractiveness of an individual [1]. Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) denotes a heterogenous hereditary development disorder characterized by enamel defects which affect the structure and clinical appearance of enamel of all or nearly all teeth of primary and permanent dentitions [2,3]. Further, AI is associated with mutations in five genes (AMEL; ENAM; MMP20; KLK4 and FAM83H) giving rise to a wide range of clinical presentations (phenotypes) [4]. The reported global prevalence of AI paints the portrait of a p..... ReadMore

Karimi M*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000245

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Whitening of the gums often indicates that there is a problem with the health of the mouth. Many conditions can lead to gingival whitening, from Aphthous ulcers to long-term inflammatory disease. This condition may be accompanied by some signs and symptoms. In some rare cases, whitening of the gums can be a sign of oral cancer; hence, there should be a concern of the parents to see a pediatric dentist for a correct diagnosis...... ReadMore

Stoufi DE*, Georgaki M, Tsouri I and Nikitakis NG

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000244

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Self-Injurious Behaviour (SIB) is a deliberate harm that may lead to factitial injuries in various parts of the body including the oral mucosa. It may present with a confusing clinical appearance leading to misdiagnosis as a variety of oral diseases [1]. A case series is presented here outlining 2 cases of self-induced oral mucosal injury, which presented initially with extensive oral ulcers. These cases were investigated to rule out systemic or local causes, in order to establish an accurate diagnosis. A multidisciplinary approach to treating these conditions, which may be associated with several medical conditions, is necessary, necessitating the engagement of patients, parents and medical and dental teams [2]. Oral self-injuries may sometimes pose one of the more frustrating problems for the diagnostician. The self-injury can be premed..... ReadMore

Hakobyan GV* Mkrtchyan NM, Hovhannisyan AR, Asatryan AM and Khachatrayn GA

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000243

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Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially life-threatening soft tissue infection, characterized by necrosis of the fascia, subcutaneous tissue, adipose tissue and can be fatal [1]. In the case of necrotizing fasciitis, the mortality rate is 15-40%. It occurs in all age groups, but the majority of patients are under 40 years of age, there is no difference between genders or race. Because it is rare in children (prevalence 0.02%), it is often misdiagnosed as cellulite, which delays the correct diagnosis and increases the risk of fulminant course and the risk of high mortality [2]. In 1871, U.S. army surgeon named Joseph Jones first described the disease during the Civil War. He called it “hospital gangrene”, in 1924, Melanie studied 20 cases of “streptococcal gangrene”. He was the one to note that subcutaneous necrosis is the hallmark ..... ReadMore

Sayan Bhattacharyya* and Satarupa Ghosal Bhattacharyya

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000242

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Many bacterial, viral and parasitic infections can be transmitted congenitally. They can lead to congenital infection in the newborn in utero, producing many clinical features involving the teeth, lips and mouth cavity. These features are seen along with other systemic involvements. These have to be studied well for proper management. Unfortunately, no comprehensive literature is there to review such infections. We hence try here to collect and present existing information about it. Materials and Methods We reviewed literature available in books and journals across internet to prepare the review article. Congenital Rubella syndrome This infection was very commonly reported once upon a time and still not very rare. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) has a quite low rate of occurrence now. It has been expected to reduce to 1 case per 100000 ..... ReadMore

Vijai S*, Krishnakumar R, Joby Peter, Anaswara MS, Beena MS and Asmabi E

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000241

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The Covid -19 pandemic has brought many unprecedented challenges in the professional lives of all health care professionals [1]. According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), dental health care personnel (DHCP) are placed in very high exposure risk category as dentists work in close proximity to the patient’s oral cavity .Also, dental procedures involve the use of rotary instruments such as handpieces and scalers, which generate aerosols [2]. The size of the dental aerosol particles is less than 50 µm. The smaller particles of an aerosol (0.5 to 10 μm in diameter) have the potential to penetrate and lodge in the smaller passages of the lungs and are thought to carry infectious organism. The problem raised with respect to COVID-19, is related to the easy spread of viral agents in the air during dental procedures. A..... ReadMore

Mohammad Karimi, DMD, BS*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000240

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The results of epidemiological studies of industrialized countries in Europe and North America in recent decades show a rapid decline in tooth decay in children and youth of these countries [1-3]. On the other hand, based on clinical, experimental, and epidemiological research, there is a general agreement that the prevalence of dental caries in children and young people in developing countries is increasing significantly. Also, regarding the reasons for reducing caries in industrialized countries, it has been identified that the implementation of primary prevention programs at the community level, including nutrition control, has played a major role in reducing dental caries in children. Diet is one of the effective factors on teeth and sugars such as sucrose is the most important nutritional factors and are effective in causing tooth de..... ReadMore

Mohamed Elarbi*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000239

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In the past few decade, the facial injuries in children witnessed an exponential growth due to variable reasons. Here we present the incidence of facial injury in different demographic areas of world like Libya & India. Facial trauma in children brings up a challenge for treatment as well as aesthetic rehabilitation. It has a devastating effect on patient and to their families as well. Children are commonly affected by facial injuries due to higher cranial mass to body ratio which is 8:1 [1-3]. The less mineralized bone, flexible bone suture lines, lack of pneumatization of paranasal sinuses, presence of unerupted teeth leads to green stick fracture in children who encounter the trauma. Moreover, the prominence of buccal fat pad which disperse the momentum of force to wider regions, hence in children it demands higher force to fracture th..... ReadMore

Lawrence Kotlow DDS*

DOI : 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.06.000238

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In 1972 I completed my dental school training and the high technology we were learning centered around learning to do sit down dentistry. The science of light energy was in its infancy, we were just beginning to begin using light to set up composite fillings and prosthetic dentistry was the real art for making perfect crowns and dentures. Little was taught about how the professions of dentistry and medicine would begin a slow journey to work together for our pediatric patients care. During my pediatric residency at the Children’s Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio, I was introduced to the idea that the medical and dental residents could work hand and hand together to help our pediatric patients [1-8]. The Chief Medical and Dental residents would often confer with each other when patients with diabetes, hemophilia, trauma burns, congenital bir..... ReadMore