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Opeyemi Oluwasanmi Adeloye*, Oyeneyin Babatunde David, Samuel Olawuwo and Roseline kehinde Adeloye

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000197

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Synaptic plasticity is a biological system of specific pattern of synaptic activity result in changes in synaptic strength. This influence puberty, pregnancy hormones, sensory experiences, and brain disorders. Long-term synaptic plasticity is accompanied by protein synthesis and trafficking, leading to structural changes of the synapse. Increasing evidence connects the terminal synaptic changes with potential propagation in adolescent and pregnancy. We investigate on the synaptic structural plasticity, which has mainly been studied with in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy. We also discuss how a different type of synapses, the multicontact synapses associated with pregnancy...... ReadMore

Aamir Jalal Al Mosawi*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000196

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Background: van der Wiel-Friedreich idiopathic facial paralysis is a unilateral, partial, or complete lower motor neutron facial nerve paralysis. The weakness can be associated with mild pain, numbness. The aim of this paper is to present a case of van der Wiel-Douglas-Friedreich idiopathic facial paralysis and to describe the early documentation of the disorder in the medical literature. Patients and Methods: The case of a six-year old boy with van der Wiel-Friedreich idiopathic facial paralysis is describe and the relevant medical literatures were reviewed to delineate accurately the early documentation of the disorder in the medical literature. Results: The boy had lower motor neuron left facial nerve paralysis without any other neurological abnormality and was otherwise health, and no identified cause could be found (idiopathic). Ba..... ReadMore

Shairin Sihabdeen, Elisa Ventura, Carlo W Cereda, Claudio Staedler, Giacomo Chiaro and Mauro Manconi*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000195

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Background: Besides the typical alternate clinical picture, Wallenberg syndrome may be rarely associated with facial pain due to the involvement of trigeminus nucleus, and sudden death. Case: We report a case of lateral medulla infarct associated with potentially life threatening intermittent high degree atrioventricular block (3rd degree AV-block) which occurred in close temporally association with severe facial pain exacerbations. The case required an urgent implantation of cardiac pacing. We hypothesized that the AV-block was triggered by vasovagal response to central mediate pain. However, a direct involvement of autonomic brainstem network (solitary tract nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus) could not be excluded. Conclusion: A similar sequence of events might explain at least part of the unexplained sudden deaths that seldom accompan..... ReadMore

Kenichi Meguro*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000193

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I herein present a unique statement, not focusing on the specific area but present an integrated viewpoint through MRI epidemiology to animal experiment. The aim is to provide a perspective for better understanding clinical features of Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). It is well known that AD and VaD are two major dementing diseases [1,2], and the clinical features are different; grossly, AD shows disintegrated emotion and cognitive function, and VaD shows apathy. First, I will present two typical VaD cases...... ReadMore

Nitin Rawat, Hemprabha Tainguriya and Anil Kumar*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000192

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Transient Receptor Potential of the family Melastatin (TRPM) is a group of nonselective cation channel, engaged in various daily activities of the body. The family’s first member (TRPM1) was cloned in 1998 capable of supressing the tumour in melanocytes of skin. Soon after TRPM1 was discovered, another family member was discovered, that includes TRPM2 (channel sensitive to oxidative stress present in microglial cells), TRPM3 (channel activating renal homeostasis that is activated by sphingosine), TRPM4/5 (Ca+2 activated sister channel involved in conduction of monovalent cation), TRPM6/7 (chanzymes related to Mg+2 homeostasis), TRPM8 (thermosensitive Ca+2 permeable channel). This review will summarize activation of key structural features mechanism and therapeutic potential of drug modulating TRPM channels...... ReadMore

Jian Shi*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000190

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the US, particularly in those under age 40, and ~2% of the US population is living with a post-TBI associate syndrome and disorders, based on CDC reports. It is recently concerned that individuals living with TBI take an increased risk for developing several long-term health problems. An early study found that any history of brain injury increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other dementia, and severe head trauma doubles the risk of developing AD dementia [1, 2]. Also, there is evidence that TBI may lower the age of onset of any dementia or AD [3], particularly in people with high rates of TBI, such as US and other veterans [4]. Today, it has been accepted that TBI may cause chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and some researchers have..... ReadMore

Shchepankevich LA*, Petrova EV, Gribacheva IA, Popova TF, Novikova EG and Pervuninskaya MA

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000189

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Objectives: Assessments of the clinical manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) can help for early diagnosis with the definition of the characteristics and prognosis of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with the definition of further correct management and preventive measures. Materials and Methods: we study a group of patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (n=165) who were admitted at the Stroke Unit #1 in Novosibirsk (Russia) from 2013 till 2017 years. The dysplastic structure of the cerebral vessels and the peculiarities of the craniovertebral junction were assessed by CT angiography, USDG, R-graphy of the skull, and brain MRI. Results: The evaluation of the clinical, constitutional anatomical, radiology and ultrasound parameters showed that determine the development of non-traumatic subarac..... ReadMore

Giulio Perrotta*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000187

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The present work analyzes the clinical and psychopathological implications of hyperhistaminosis, starting from the general consideration that, despite the recent scarcity of research on the subject under examination, the correlation of hyperhistaminosis with different physical and psychic pathologies emerges and the direct relationship between body and mind and how these are interconnected. Hyperhistaminosis besides being involved in immune, neurodegenerative, systemic vascular, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, kidney and skin diseases, is directly connected to a large part of mood disorders, depression, obsessive disorder, phobias, and various personality disorders, even if it is not yet clear whether the role of histamine is the main factor or cause that exacerbates the symptoms, also taking into account the neurobiological and genetic corr..... ReadMore

Giulio Perrotta*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000187

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The present work analyzes the clinical and psychopathological implications of hyperhistaminosis, starting from the general consideration that, despite the recent scarcity of research on the subject under examination, the correlation of hyperhistaminosis with different physical and psychic pathologies emerges and the direct relationship between body and mind and how these are interconnected. Hyperhistaminosis besides being involved in immune, neurodegenerative, systemic vascular, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, kidney and skin diseases, is directly connected to a large part of mood disorders, depression, obsessive disorder, phobias, and various personality disorders, even if it is not yet clear whether the role of histamine is the main factor or cause that exacerbates the symptoms, also taking into account the neurobiological and genetic corr..... ReadMore

James F Welles*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000186

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As a means to short-term adaptation/long-term demise, the human mind is a classic example of the “Neurotic Paradox” in action as it promotes behavioral patterns which are subject to immediate, short-term reinforcement although the long-term results will be decidedly negative[1]. A related drawback is that short-term errors may be hard to overcome in the long run[2] if the immediate decision sets one off on a bad behavioral pathway which becomes progressively more and more difficult to escape from later. Addictions to drugs or “Pleasure” would be commonplace examples of this basic physio/ psychological principle of learning and life[3]. As philosopher Honoré de Balzac noted, “Pleasure is like certain drugs, to continue to obtain the same result, one must double the dose, and death or brutalization is contained in the last one”..... ReadMore

Divya R*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000185

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Robert Rosenthal demarcated Pygmalion effect as ‘’the phenomenon whereby one person’s behavior comes to serve as a self-fulfilling prophecy’’ Research studies byRosenthal and Jacobsen (1968), amongst others, illustrates that the expectations of a teacher has a greater influence on the performance of the student. Superior expectations influence performance. Positive reinforcement can produce good results. Individuals who expect more, get more. Optimistic expectations has an impact on the performance positively, besides negative expectations affect the performance negatively...... ReadMore

Geetanjali S Rathore*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000184

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The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) and was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Limited data suggests children are low risk and get less severe COVID-19 infection. As the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to spread, children with special health care needs may be at increased risk for complications. The forced school closure early in the year may have allowed for social distancing and protected children at risk from exposure to the virus. As the schools prepare to open in person schooling, the parents and caregivers of children with epilepsy are faced with unchartered and challenging decisions about how their child will return to school. When deciding between in-person and virtual learning, limited data is available for parent..... ReadMore

Geetanjali S Rathore*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000184

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The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) and was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Limited data suggests children are low risk and get less severe COVID-19 infection. As the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to spread, children with special health care needs may be at increased risk for complications. The forced school closure early in the year may have allowed for social distancing and protected children at risk from exposure to the virus. As the schools prepare to open in person schooling, the parents and caregivers of children with epilepsy are faced with unchartered and challenging decisions about how their child will return to school. When deciding between in-person and virtual learning, limited data is available for parent..... ReadMore

Lakhdar F*, Benzagmout M, Chakour K and Chaoui ME

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000183

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and one of the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Metastasis of intracranial glioblastoma via the cerebrospinal fluid to the spine is a rare occurrence with a poor prognosis. We hereby present a rare case of GM in a 28-year-old man, who developed intramedullary, extramedullary, as well as spinal leptomeningeal metastasis 6 months after surgery of supratentoriel glioblastoma multiforme...... ReadMore

Youssef Joulali*, Faycal Lakhdar, Mohamed Benzagmout, Khalid Chakour and Mohamed el Faiz Chaoui

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000182

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Pneumocephalus is the presence of air intracranially, this pathology is mostly seen in traumatic injury, however it remained exceptional in posterior spine surgery. In this study, we report a clinical case of a 66 years old woman who was operated for lumber spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis presented a drowsiness, CT scan showed a compressive pneumocephalus (mount fuji sign) and pneumorrachis. A conservative treatment has been set up. The evolution was marked by improving its state of consciousness, the patient was discharged on day 10 post operatively with a brain CT that showed regression of PC...... ReadMore

Rajul Rastogi*, Yuktika Gupta, Satish Pathak, Vijai Pratap and Neha

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000180

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Meningioma is a commonly encountered solitary, benign, intracranial, extra-axial tumor in day-to-day brain imaging. Majority are dural-based located commonly at the cerebral convexities. Uncommonly, they are multiple or may be seen in intraventricular location. Coexisting dural and intraventricular meningioma is an exceedingly rare entity. It may be difficult to differentiate them from metastases. Hence through this case report, we attempt to describe this rare entity with its differentiation from similarappearing lesions...... ReadMore

Lakhdar F*, Benzagmout M, Chakour K and Chaoui ME

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000179

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Compressive pneumocephalus is a rare condition, most often secondary to head trauma or surgery. We report post-operative compressive pneumocephalus in a patient who underwent primary surgery for anterior clinoid meningioma complicated by CSF leakage treated by lumbar spinal drainage. CT scan clearly demonstrates a compressive pneumocephalus with the sign of the Mount Fuji. The patient was treated with definite bed rest and plenty of fluid replacement with good outcome. Compressive pneumocephalus is a serious, infrequent complication and a possible cause of postoperative worsening. Medical treatment combining highly inspired oxygen therapy and rehydration are sufficient to correct the condition...... ReadMore

Shamil Safin, Ilmira Gilemkhanova, Khristina Derevyanko and S Muruga Subramaniam*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000178

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Background: Cochlear dysfunction, is considered one of the difficult topical and important areas in modern otorhinolaryngological practice. Diagnosis and treatment of cochlear dysfunction is even more complicated in combined pathologies. There have been reported only few cases of a combined with Arnold-Chiari malformation with hearing impairment. Case description: 34 years old male, was admitted in Republican Clinical Hospital G.G. Kuvatov under neurosurgical care. Patients main complaints was hearing loss associated with “tinnitus” on the left sided, morning headaches, dizziness, and unstable gait. The patient noted a gradual loss of hearing on his left ear over the years. He was diagnosed to have Arnold chiari malformation type 1 with combined hearing loss. Conclusion: Good planned surgical strategies and operative techniques the ..... ReadMore

Youssef Joulali*, Faycal lakhdar, Benzagmout Mohammed, Khalid Chakour and Chaoui el faiz Mohammed

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000177

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Penetrating cranial trauma following an assault by knife remains a very serious pathology which can be fatal for the patient. Surgical management must be done as quickly as possible. CT scan remains essential, an angiography may sometimes be necessary before the surgical procedure. Presenting by this observation, the case of a 28 year old patient, victim of a knife attack, operated at the Hassan II university hospital of Fez-Morocco...... ReadMore

Rory Fleming Richardson*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.04.000176

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In 1934, Jacob L. Moreno, M.D. published his ground-breaking book Who Shall Survive?Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotherapy, and Sociodrama. Dr. Moreno was a contemporary of Freud, Adler and Jung pioneering the study of social dynamics and the therapeutic power of “live and therapy in action.” Today, we have a challenge that few are prepared for. We are an extremely mobile civilization with interaction with others and environments that others contact. If one person touches the handle to enter a store, how many other people touch that handle? If you count the number of people one person is within two feet of in a 24-hour period, how many would that be? One of the saving graces of most infections is that there is a short incubation period...... ReadMore