Online Journal of Neurology and Brain Disorders

Sergei Pakriev*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000138

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Background and Objectives: At the moment, studies of organic mental disorders (OMD) in in-patients of therapeutic units in Udmurtia are limited. The paper’s objective was to study the prevalence and risk factors of OMD in medical patients in one of the municipal hospitals of Izhevsk. Methods: The subjects (323 patients aged from 18 to 59 years) were selected using the method of continuous sampling. All subjects were asked to answer the questions from the Russian version of the Brief International Neuropsychiatric Questionnaire (MINI 5.0.0.)......

Salem Bouomrani*, Mouna Guermazi, Souad Yahyaoui, Nesrine Regaïeg and Hassène Baïli

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000137

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Peripheral facial palsy (PFP) is often idiopathic; a secondary systemic cause is noted in less than 1.2% of cases. Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (PSS) remains an exceptional and often insufficiently known etiology of facial paralysis, and only a few sporadic cases are reported in the medical literature. These inaugural forms of the disease represent a real diagnostic challenge for clinicians. We report an original observation of isolated and recurrent PFP as inaugural symptom of PSS in a 53-year-old female with no notable pathological history......

Marzanna Derkacz Jedynak, Marta Sudoł Malisz, Andrzej Brodziak* and Alicja Różyk Myrta

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000134

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The processes of ageing and the related impairment of maintaining homeostasis, understood as the loss of adaptive abilities, lead to an increased susceptibility to developing delirium among the elderly. The pathophysiological process of delirium development is dependent on the presence of causative and predisposing factors; for example, neurotransmission process disorders (cholinergic, serotonin and dopaminergic regulation), resulting in metabolic inefficiency of the brain. The symptoms of delirium differ in duration and severity; there are 3 clinical subtypes of delirium: hypoactive, hyperactive and mixed. Moreover, subsequent evaluations using methodological tools have made it possible to distinguish an additional subtype of delirium - the no-motor subtype. Recognizing the delirium subtype is essential - it identifies high-risk patients.....

N A Aliyev

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000131

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“Spice” refers to herbal compounds sold as frankincense and a legal alternative to marijuana. Product descriptions suggest that such compounds produce an effect similar to that of tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient in marijuana. Studies have shown that many spice products are sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids, the actual substances responsible for intoxication [1] It is known that Synthetic cannabinoids are part of a group of drugs called new psychoactive substances......

Miguel Meira e Cruz*

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Since the last three decades, we care about sleep as a relevant medical issue. We actually believe, because evidence support it, that sleep is a mediator of good health. Sleep is actually a matter of survival [1]. However, exactly how much sleep is adequate is a theme of active debate, mainly because some studies showed that either too much and too little sleep are linked to an increased risk regarding cardiovascular health and global morbidity and mortality [2]......

Salem Bouomrani

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000129

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Introduction: Kikuchi-Fujimoto’s disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare entity that may represent a real diagnostic challenge for the clinician because of its highly polymorphous and sometimes unusual presentations. We report an original observation of KFD with aseptic meningitis as inaugural manifestation. Case report: 30-year-old woman, without pathological medical history, was hospitalized via the emergency department for exploration of a meningeal syndrome with cervical lymphadenopathies. The lumbar puncture showed aseptic meningitis: clear, normotensive cerebrospinal fluid with leukocytes at 28/mm3 (90% lymphocytes), red blood cells at 2/mm3, proteinrrhachia at 0.58 g/l, glucorrachia at 4 mmol/l for venous glycemia at 8 mmol/l, and negative direct examination and culture. Cerebromedullary MRI and cerebr.....

AK Roy*, Saurabh Sadekar, Rishabh Maloo and Murali S

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000128

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Demyelinating diseases like Multiple Sclerosis and cases of long segment myelitis, neuromuscular disease like Myasthenia Gravis and Autoimmune Encephalitis have an autoimmune basis and occur in a relapsing remitting course. Achieving and maintaining remission in these patients is quite challenging. Steroids are used for maintaining remission, but its metabolic side effects ultimately are deleterious to the patient. Immunomodulators for remission and Gamma globulin for acute exacerbations are used but are an expensive mode of treatment. All patients may not be able to afford them......

NA Aliyev* and ZN Aliyev

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000127

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Objectives: The effects of Valproate sodium and placebo on global severity were compared in Child Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Materials and Methods: Childs with ASDs were enrolled in a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled Valproate sodium trial. Fifty were randomly assigned to Valproate sodium (n=50) or placebo (n=50). The initial dose of Valproate sodium for children is 15mg/kg, then increases by 5-10mg/kg every week to 20-50mg/kg. Children are given 5% syrup (Sirupus Valproate sodium 5%), 1 ml 50mg. Repetitive behaviors were measured with the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement scale. Results: There was a significant treatment-by-time interaction indicating a significantly greater reduction in repetitive behaviors across time for Valproate sodium than for placebo. With overall response defined as a CGI global improvem.....

Shahin Asadi

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000126

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BPAN syndrome is a genetic disorder that progressively affects the nervous system and progressively worsens. People affected by this syndrome produce iron in the brain, which can be seen with medical imaging. For this eason, BPAN syndrome is classified with an impairment called Brain Neurodegeneration (NBIA)......

Ronaldo Chicre Araujo*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000125

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Neuroses and psychoses refer to clinical and nosographic problems. The terms psychoses and neuroses have long existed in the nosological vocabulary. Initially, they do not constitute a pair of opposites, they do not exclude themselves, they can overlap. Psychosis corresponds to mental illness, the psychiatric condition (BERCHERIE, 2014). It is the technical concept to replace the term madness. In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, psychosis covered both mental disorders of organic origin, for example, "paralytic psychosis" to designate general paralysis, such as functional diseases, ie delusions, as well as some mental disorders, like "obsessive psychosis", which today could be called neurosis. The term neurosis is rather an aetiological and nosological concept, since the disorders are not based on the organic lesion.....

Flávio Ramalho Romero*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000124

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Unlike brain herniation caused by mass effect due to trauma, tumor, infectious or inflammatory conditions, idiopathic brain herniation are extremely rare, with prevalence of 0,073% [1]. An 8 years-old girl who suffered a mild traumatic brain injury and CT and MRI showed precuneal gyrus herniation to quadrigeminal cistern. She was completely asymptomatic, without any finding of high intracranial pressure......

Lisa Marie Portugal*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000123

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The PEN-3 Model Cultural Framework can be used to design culturally specific, locally relevant health intervention and prevention programs to educate communities. This health intervention and prevention involves educating Hispanic females and males between the ages of 15 to 32. The health and wellness program design involve educating this group about the use of marijuana and its damaging effects on the body leading to mental illness, Diabetes, Cancer, lung and other organ damage, obesity, cognitive disorders, lowered IQ and EQ (emotional quotient), and various other damaging effects. Finally, a summary of the PEN-3 Model Cultural findings are discussed and analyzed to help health educators, practitioners, and advocates serve and address the needs of the target population......

Jean Louis Bossu

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000122

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The sodium valproate (VPA) is a very simple structural compound derived from the valeric acid produced by a plant “Valeriana officinalis”. Extract s of this this plant were used by the doctors of Ancient Greece to cure insomnia and by the Romans to treat palpitations and arrhythmia.....

Yener Yazğan* and Betül Yazğan

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000120

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s currently used as a comprehensive definition covering “brain disorders”, neurological diseases and mental disorders. While schizophrenia, depression, panic disorder, drug addiction and insomnia are referred to as “mental disorders”, Epilepsy, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington’s disease (HD) and multiple sclerosklerosis are considered as “neurological disorders”. Current therapies of these very common diseases require continuous drug use and at the same time cause many different side effects. Therefore preclinical and clinical investigations for new treatment approaches are on the rise. Especially the identification of the molecular basis of these diseases is the focus of researches. Examination of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is at an early stage in the investigation of the molecular principle of these disea.....

Rory Fleming Richardson

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000119

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As a result of working extensively with dozens of patients who had repeated exposure to toxins and solvents throughout their lifetimes, I wrote the article “Acquired Cumulative Neurotoxic Encephalopathy: Look toward the Future” which was published in the Academy of Medical Psychology Newsletter in March of 2015. Since then, I have reviewed hundreds of studies, and worked with additional patients, who have the onset of systemic disorders such as autoimmune disorders, multiple chemical sensitivity, allergic reactions, histamine intolerance, leaky gut, metabolic syndrome, and various myalgia conditions. Many of them can trace the onset of symptoms back to one point where they had, after repeated exposure to solvents or toxins, gone from relatively normal function to si.....

Maheep Bhatnagar*, Reena Chittora

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000118

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Sleep is essential for basic survival as well as for optimal physical and cognitive performance in both human beings and animals. Sleep is a normal human function that is detrimental to sustaining life yet; individuals are affected differently by their sleep schedule. However, the community at large often underestimates sleep and its importance, therefore leading people to not be as concerned with a proper night’s sleep, thereby preventing them from performing at peak efficiency. Sleep plays a vital role in learning and when a person fails to obtain enough sleep the night prior, neurons in the brain might not fire properly, the body becomes out of synch, and it can even lead to accidental physical injuries. As many studies have been conducted, the majority have seemed to come to similar conclusions: a lack of sleep can have detrimental .....

Stephen C Enwefa, Regina Enwefa

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117

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This study investigated confrontation naming errors of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Clinicians lack a validated test battery for differentiating the communication disorders of patients with AD from either normal elderly or patients with aphasia [1,3]. The communication of AD patients is often assessed with one of the standardized test batteries for aphasia. This was done because of the marked discrepancy between language and other cognitive functions. A linguistic measure involving errors in confrontation naming was used to establish the extent of linguistic impairment of AD patients. A total of ten photographs were shown to twenty AD patients, (ten mild and ten moderate) and ten normal elderly. The results showed that naming errors increased as the disease progressed. The study concluded that the number of naming errors of AD patients.....

Rodriguez Rivera Sofia Lucila*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000116

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Rett sindrome is a severe neuro developmental disorder that is a leading cause of mental retardation in females, characterized by an apparently normal psycho motor development through the first 6 months of life, followed by stagnation and growth regression in different are as like motor, language and social skills; patients often exhibitautistic behaviors in the early stages. Other symptoms include seizures, breathing problems when awake such as hyper ventilation, apnea, and swallowing air; ataxia and stereotypich and movements. It is caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encodingmethyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) [1,2]. One case is presented with positive molecular study......

Miguel Meira e Cruz * and F. Javier Puertas

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000115

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Although well established as a neurogenic reflex pursuing a cardiovascular protective control in physiological conditions, trigemino-cardiac reflex (TCR) mechanisms and its clinical significance remains unclear This powerful brain stem oxygen-conserving autonomic reflex usually manifests as sudden onset of hemodynamic changes on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and has been associated to arrhytmias, asystole, apnea and disturbed gastric mobility [1].....

Miranda Nava Gabriel*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000114

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Sleep is defined as a natural decrease in the perception [1] of the external environment that occurs eriodically and reversibly, but retaining a certain degree of reactivity towards the environment and autonomous functions [2]. Sleep is considered an active process of biological, cyclical and, it is essential for survival. Most adults require an amount of sleep between 7-8 hours per day; however, there are individual variations regarding the schedule, duration, and internal structure of the dream [3]......