Online Journal of Neurology and Brain Disorders

Divya R*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000147

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During an action observation (AO) and action execution, specific group of neural substrates are activated [1]. They provide a neural mechanism for understanding the actions of others called as Mirror neurons (MNs) [2]. They also carry out motor grounding, motion ersatz, language and emotion appreciation [1] (Figure 1)...... ReadMore

Chokri Aslouj, Amel Hanini and Hafedh Abdelmelek*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000146

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Emointelligence of Animals, Humans and Humanoid Robots do have many common rules and algorithms, but the question is, whether the potentially existing Emointelligence of Humanoid Robots has an implication on the interaction between them and Humans as well as Animals or not. This manuscript is intended to study, discuss and interpret the Emointelligence equation for Animals, Humans and Humanoid Robots I TEαε=×× (I: Intelligence or Innovation, T: Time, E: Emotion, : Exponent and : Factor). By applying the Emointelligence equation on Humanoid Robot (HR) HRHRHRI TEαε×= × and by looking for their possible interaction with Humans and Animals, we attempt to introduce an innovative concept, called emotion mirroring on Humanoid Robots”: Door 1, which is..... ReadMore

Suprakash Chaudhury* and Swaleha Mujawar

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000144

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Eating disorders, once thought to be a set of rare diseases, found predominantly in females, are being increasingly seen in both males and females. They include binge eating disorder (BED), anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), pica, rumination disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and a group of other specified feeding or eating disorders [1]. Eating disorders occur predominantly in females and the onset often follows puberty [2]...... ReadMore

Luisetto M*, Farhan Ahmad Khan, Ahmed Yesvi Rafa, Behzad Nili Ahmadabadi and Ghulam Rasool Mashori

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000143

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From evolutionary pattern of invertebrates and vertebrates some interesting peculiarities can be easily Observed and some change in environmental world colonized produced strange anatomic configurations. In example decussatio piramidy in motors system. This kind of evolutionary process can be responsible of a sort of intrinsic weakness of a system to be deeply investigate to produce new hypotesis in some spinal cord conditions...... ReadMore

Anna Rizzi, Matteo Saccia and Vincenzo Benagiano*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000139

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The distribution of histamine in the human cerebellar cortex was studied by light microscope immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-histamine. In all layers of the cerebellar cortex, were revealed punctate immunoreactive elements related to putative histaminergic nerve terminals. These findings provide insights into the existence of a histaminergic system in the human cerebellar cortex, presumably involved in the cerebrocerebellar circuit, the feedback circuit through which the cerebellum is widely connected with the neocortex and the hypothalamus and intervene in the regulation of motor and non-motor functions...... ReadMore

Sergei Pakriev*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000138

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Background and Objectives: At the moment, studies of organic mental disorders (OMD) in in-patients of therapeutic units in Udmurtia are limited. The paper’s objective was to study the prevalence and risk factors of OMD in medical patients in one of the municipal hospitals of Izhevsk. Methods: The subjects (323 patients aged from 18 to 59 years) were selected using the method of continuous sampling. All subjects were asked to answer the questions from the Russian version of the Brief International Neuropsychiatric Questionnaire (MINI 5.0.0.)...... ReadMore

Salem Bouomrani*, Mouna Guermazi, Souad Yahyaoui, Nesrine Regaïeg and Hassène Baïli

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000137

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Peripheral facial palsy (PFP) is often idiopathic; a secondary systemic cause is noted in less than 1.2% of cases. Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (PSS) remains an exceptional and often insufficiently known etiology of facial paralysis, and only a few sporadic cases are reported in the medical literature. These inaugural forms of the disease represent a real diagnostic challenge for clinicians. We report an original observation of isolated and recurrent PFP as inaugural symptom of PSS in a 53-year-old female with no notable pathological history...... ReadMore

Marzanna Derkacz Jedynak, Marta Sudoł Malisz, Andrzej Brodziak* and Alicja Różyk Myrta

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000134

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The processes of ageing and the related impairment of maintaining homeostasis, understood as the loss of adaptive abilities, lead to an increased susceptibility to developing delirium among the elderly. The pathophysiological process of delirium development is dependent on the presence of causative and predisposing factors; for example, neurotransmission process disorders (cholinergic, serotonin and dopaminergic regulation), resulting in metabolic inefficiency of the brain. The symptoms of delirium differ in duration and severity; there are 3 clinical subtypes of delirium: hypoactive, hyperactive and mixed. Moreover, subsequent evaluations using methodological tools have made it possible to distinguish an additional subtype of delirium - the no-motor subtype. Recognizing the delirium subtype is essential - it identifies high-risk patients..... ReadMore

Rathore Geetanjali

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000133

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Menstrual psychosis is a rare disorder that causes psychotic symptoms in conjunction with a patient’s menstrual cycle. We present a case of a 14-year-old girl who presents with such symptoms. Our patient presented with five days of somnolence, paranoia, and visual hallucinations soon after a diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis and being started on antimicrobial therapy. Her neurologic exam was significant for flat affect and psychomotor slowing. A thorough work-up consisting of brain MRI, EEG, LP, encephalopathy panel, along with metabolic, infectious, and inflammatory laboratory analysis was unremarkable, and she recovered without therapy about one week after symptom onset. Patient had recurrence and spontaneous resolution of her symptoms two more times over the next 10 months with repeat work-up negative; her family noted that the ..... ReadMore

Rommel B de la Cruz

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000132

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The pace that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have evolved and revolutionized the society maroon’s human memory in a tumultuous sea of change, unpredictable and unstable. The future has been yanked out from its temporal location, dragging it into our perception of the present. Just days ago, they were saying, “The future has arrived.” Actually, since the time ICTs were put into motion, the future as we know it is already around us. It has been here for all we know, complicating the present and obscuring the liens of past and present [1]...... ReadMore

N A Aliyev

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000131

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“Spice” refers to herbal compounds sold as frankincense and a legal alternative to marijuana. Product descriptions suggest that such compounds produce an effect similar to that of tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient in marijuana. Studies have shown that many spice products are sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids, the actual substances responsible for intoxication [1] It is known that Synthetic cannabinoids are part of a group of drugs called new psychoactive substances...... ReadMore

Miguel Meira e Cruz*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000130

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Since the last three decades, we care about sleep as a relevant medical issue. We actually believe, because evidence support it, that sleep is a mediator of good health. Sleep is actually a matter of survival [1]. However, exactly how much sleep is adequate is a theme of active debate, mainly because some studies showed that either too much and too little sleep are linked to an increased risk regarding cardiovascular health and global morbidity and mortality [2]...... ReadMore

Salem Bouomrani

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000129

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Introduction: Kikuchi-Fujimoto’s disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare entity that may represent a real diagnostic challenge for the clinician because of its highly polymorphous and sometimes unusual presentations. We report an original observation of KFD with aseptic meningitis as inaugural manifestation. Case report: 30-year-old woman, without pathological medical history, was hospitalized via the emergency department for exploration of a meningeal syndrome with cervical lymphadenopathies. The lumbar puncture showed aseptic meningitis: clear, normotensive cerebrospinal fluid with leukocytes at 28/mm3 (90% lymphocytes), red blood cells at 2/mm3, proteinrrhachia at 0.58 g/l, glucorrachia at 4 mmol/l for venous glycemia at 8 mmol/l, and negative direct examination and culture. Cerebromedullary MRI and cerebr..... ReadMore

AK Roy*, Saurabh Sadekar, Rishabh Maloo and Murali S

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000128

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Demyelinating diseases like Multiple Sclerosis and cases of long segment myelitis, neuromuscular disease like Myasthenia Gravis and Autoimmune Encephalitis have an autoimmune basis and occur in a relapsing remitting course. Achieving and maintaining remission in these patients is quite challenging. Steroids are used for maintaining remission, but its metabolic side effects ultimately are deleterious to the patient. Immunomodulators for remission and Gamma globulin for acute exacerbations are used but are an expensive mode of treatment. All patients may not be able to afford them...... ReadMore

NA Aliyev* and ZN Aliyev

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000127

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Objectives: The effects of Valproate sodium and placebo on global severity were compared in Child Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Materials and Methods: Childs with ASDs were enrolled in a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled Valproate sodium trial. Fifty were randomly assigned to Valproate sodium (n=50) or placebo (n=50). The initial dose of Valproate sodium for children is 15mg/kg, then increases by 5-10mg/kg every week to 20-50mg/kg. Children are given 5% syrup (Sirupus Valproate sodium 5%), 1 ml 50mg. Repetitive behaviors were measured with the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement scale. Results: There was a significant treatment-by-time interaction indicating a significantly greater reduction in repetitive behaviors across time for Valproate sodium than for placebo. With overall response defined as a CGI global improvem..... ReadMore

Shahin Asadi

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.02.000126

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BPAN syndrome is a genetic disorder that progressively affects the nervous system and progressively worsens. People affected by this syndrome produce iron in the brain, which can be seen with medical imaging. For this eason, BPAN syndrome is classified with an impairment called Brain Neurodegeneration (NBIA)...... ReadMore

Ronaldo Chicre Araujo*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000125

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Neuroses and psychoses refer to clinical and nosographic problems. The terms psychoses and neuroses have long existed in the nosological vocabulary. Initially, they do not constitute a pair of opposites, they do not exclude themselves, they can overlap. Psychosis corresponds to mental illness, the psychiatric condition (BERCHERIE, 2014). It is the technical concept to replace the term madness. In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, psychosis covered both mental disorders of organic origin, for example, "paralytic psychosis" to designate general paralysis, such as functional diseases, ie delusions, as well as some mental disorders, like "obsessive psychosis", which today could be called neurosis. The term neurosis is rather an aetiological and nosological concept, since the disorders are not based on the organic lesion..... ReadMore

Flávio Ramalho Romero*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000124

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Unlike brain herniation caused by mass effect due to trauma, tumor, infectious or inflammatory conditions, idiopathic brain herniation are extremely rare, with prevalence of 0,073% [1]. An 8 years-old girl who suffered a mild traumatic brain injury and CT and MRI showed precuneal gyrus herniation to quadrigeminal cistern. She was completely asymptomatic, without any finding of high intracranial pressure...... ReadMore

Lisa Marie Portugal*

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000123

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The PEN-3 Model Cultural Framework can be used to design culturally specific, locally relevant health intervention and prevention programs to educate communities. This health intervention and prevention involves educating Hispanic females and males between the ages of 15 to 32. The health and wellness program design involve educating this group about the use of marijuana and its damaging effects on the body leading to mental illness, Diabetes, Cancer, lung and other organ damage, obesity, cognitive disorders, lowered IQ and EQ (emotional quotient), and various other damaging effects. Finally, a summary of the PEN-3 Model Cultural findings are discussed and analyzed to help health educators, practitioners, and advocates serve and address the needs of the target population...... ReadMore

Jean Louis Bossu

DOI : 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000122

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The sodium valproate (VPA) is a very simple structural compound derived from the valeric acid produced by a plant “Valeriana officinalis”. Extract s of this this plant were used by the doctors of Ancient Greece to cure insomnia and by the Romans to treat palpitations and arrhythmia..... ReadMore