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Yogendra Yadav*, BirBahadurKhanal Chhetri, Santosh Raymajhi, Krishna RajTiwari, Bishal K Sitaula, Bikram Singh

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000216

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The ecological and environmental functions performed by Trees Outside Forests are less concern in scientific community. Thus, this research was objectively conducted to assess importance value index (IVI), tree species diversity and carbon stock density. Dhangadimai Municipality of Siraha District, Nepal was selected as study site. The map of TOF was prepared and further categorized it into Group and Scattered plantation. Altogether 60 samples, specifically each 30 from Group and Scattered plantation, were collected using stratified random sampling measuring the diameter and height of the plants. Moreover, 240 soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm depths. The importance value index was estimated summing the value of relating basal area, density, and dominancy as well as Shannon wieners index, Simpson’s d..... ReadMore

Cemil Koyunoğlu*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000215

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A better understanding of the genetic codes of the Covid-19 virus, especially in vaccination studies, reaching 328 million cases worldwide and still being 40% of community immunity, equires the normalization of vaccine and drug treatments by 60% of community immunity and standardization of the outbreak. It is going to continue up to 40 months. The focus of our study, which we will describe the Pse-in-One software, is to ensure that the correct vaccine is produced in vaccine studies. In the review of Liu et al. published in a nucleic acid science ournal in 2015 and Nature science journal in 2017, how this program became functional is summarized in this study. I hope this article helps scientists in vaccine and drug development. I wish you good days...... ReadMore

Yang J, Monnot M, Eljaddi T, Ercolei L, Moulin P*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000214

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Water scarcity has become a critical problem in many semiarid and arid regions. More notably, water scarcity became worse all over the world because of the influences of social evelopment including climate change, population increase, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and ourism with a huge amount of wastewater discharge [1,2]. To alleviate water shortage, astewater reuse has long been considered as a promising approach with a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept...... ReadMore

Pundiak Oleh*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000213

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In this work we screened for the diversity of bryophytes on the protected tree plantation (14 years ago it was used as managed forest) in Stradch Arboretum. It was shown that the Majority of all bryophyte taxa identified were mosses (28 taxa), only 6 species belonged to liverworts. Terricolous moss coverage was about 0,07%. It confirms relatively low anthropogenic pressure on the plot. The number of noted taxa, which clearly preferred epixilic habitat and their mats surface were considerably lesser than such quantities for other taxa occurring on dead wood. Such a poverty of all identified liverworts and epixylic bryophytes, which is peculiar for managed forests points on low recovering rate of these bryophyte groups...... ReadMore

Diogo José Horst*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000212

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This short review presents studies published in high impact journals regarding regulation mechanisms over emissions,monitoring, sequestration (capture) and carbon credits, mainly focusing on the forest sector. The search for studies was performed using the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. A gap was identified regarding studies that present actions with the private sector,equipment and processes and urban mobilities, in contrast, several studies were found that present significant contribution on gas emissions and climate change (carbon footprint) and mathematical models on the carbon market, especially in developed countries...... ReadMore

Oelbermann M*, Berruti F and Lévesque V

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000211

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Biochar is a carbon-rich product that is obtained when a sustainable source of biomass is heated without oxygen. Biochar is produced in the same way as charcoal, but their intended use differs. Biochar is manufactured with a specific set of properties (e.g. adsorption roperties, ion exchange capacity, low bulk density) for its use as soil amendment and/or adsorbent, hereas charcoal has specific properties (e.g. generating heat) for its use as a fuel. Humans first used biochar in the form of charcoal (as a byproduct from cooking) mixed with broken ottery, animal bones and manure in the Brazilian Amazon...... ReadMore

Bipin B Mishra*, Richa Roy, Sanjeet Kr Sharma, Bishun Deo Prasad, Sanjay K Choudhary, Ajay K Jha and Sangita Sahni

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000210

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A novel coronavirus (COVID-19 virus) outbreak has caused a global pandemic resulting in huge number of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide. The present review is an effort to establish the preventive measures based on biodegradability as well as adsorption of specific part of such viruses during clay-protein interactions in contact with soil surface. Even the biodegradability of many organic compounds and molecules is altered and the activity of enzymes is adversely affected upon their adsorption to the soil mineral surfaces and clays. Viruses have in general interconnection and interdependence within aboveground and underground biodiversity covering aerosol (gas), water (liquid) and soil or sediment (solid) and are subject to undergo biodegradation following the biogeochemical cycling. Available reports suggest that Covid-19..... ReadMore

Manisha Ghimire, Ram Asheshwar Mandal* and Ajay Bhakta Mathema

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000209

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The soil health of sub-watershed indicates the function of the soil which can be evaluated using the soil quality index (SQI) but research regarding this so far limited. Thus, this research was objectively done to assess the soil nutrient status and soil quality index according to soil depth and compare these values in sub-watersheds. Three sub-watersheds namely Baruwa hola, Puware Khola and Chituwa Khola of Udayapur district were selected as the study area. The soil was extracted from 0-10, 10-20 and 20- 30 cm depths so total 108 samples, 36 from each catchment were collected in W shape. The soil parameters N, P, K, C, pH, and soil texture were analysed using Kjeldahl method for nitrogen, Olsen’s and Somers method for phosphorous, Flame photometric method for potassium, Walkley and Black method for arbon and pH metre for pH. The SQI w..... ReadMore

Abdenna Deressa*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000208

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Ultisols and Alfisols in humid Western Ethiopia are deficient in available phosphorus (P) but respond slightly to P fertilization.The study determined P sorption characteristics of five soils with and without optimum lime rate. Phosphorus sorption was conducted by equilibrating the soils with P solutions. Phosphorus sorption patterns of unlimed soils had no sorption maxima while limed soils had sorption maxima. The sorption data fitted to Langmuir model. The unlimed and limed soils had high P sorption capacity. The net zero equilibrium P oncentration (EPC0) ranged from 0.007 to 0.012mg l-1. Standard phosphorus requirement (SPR) ranged from 759 to 831 and 441 to 1164mg kg-1 for soils and lime treatments, respectively. Langmuir adsorption maxima (bmax) ranged from 2072 to 2792 and 2352 to 2367mg kg-1for soils and lime effect, respectively. ..... ReadMore

Effnu Subiyanto*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000207

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Cases of oil-leakage are more frequent happened today in Indonesia, following by damaging other environmental issues. Pipe gas exploded, oil-leakage onshore or offshore, forest fires, and many more incidents. Recently since mid of 2019, a pipeline of oilleakage happened again in Indonesia and remain a big question on how to quantify compensation fairly and equally. This opinion to inspire how to measure such compensation based on comparison with other cases previously occurred...... ReadMore

Costa Alexandre Sylvio Vieira

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000206

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The volume of fresh water available for human use has drastically reduced, due to the significant population growth,intensification of use combined with the effective increase in pollution and the degradation of water bodies that still exist. Water resource management becomes more sustainable the greater the use of wastewater. This behavior will contribute to increase the potential of drinking water, essential to the basic needs of human beings and to significantly reduce the release of effluents into water bodies, triggering as an advantage the reduction of pollutants in the environment and consequent protection of ecosystems Monte and Albuquerque...... ReadMore

James F Welles*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000205

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We live in an age of global warming, of that there is no doubt.However, the primary cause of this phenomenon is very much in doubt, as this well researched and reasoned article points out. The common misperception is that increasing temperatures is due primarily to the burning of fossil fuels in industrialized nations. However, the little known fact is that only 6% of global warming is actually due to such activity. The simple fact is that temperatures fluctuate up and down and always have and always will. This is more a background process we have to accept and live with. It is no doubt unfortunate that our industrialized societies are adding to this problem, but their contribution is minimal...... ReadMore

Mahdi Abdu-Almageed Mohamed Ali, Asaad Alsiddig Ahmed, Ali Abdurrahman Almakki and Hatim MY Hamadnalla*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000204

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This work is an anti-Microbial and Antioxidant activity of Ziziphus spina Christi based on four selected bacteria: Escherichia coli, Psedumonus aeruginosa, Bacillussubtilis and taphylococcus aureus. These species were collected and prepared in Sudan. The concentrations were carried out and compared with standard control sample, the suspension of anti-microbial activities have shown different results in Fagonia cretica. The antioxidant activity is the ability of ioactive compounds to prevent, delay and protect against oxidant of virus substrates such as DNA and lipid materials, both in living organisms (e. g. human) and in food products. The result showed an antioxidant activity based on standard liquid reagent ...... ReadMore

Pedro Calmon Av* and Joao Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000203

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This article is about Vietnam, a place I wanted to visit since my childhood. Forty years ago, I took the road and started to struggle for the accomplishment of my geographical dreams. Simply by coincidence, in 1980, I headed for Argentina, whose name commences with the first letter of our alphabet; my second international trip happened to be a “B” one, as I decided to make for Bolivia in 1982; after four decades travelling around the world and without having found any place to call “home” yet, Vietnam (a “V” country) was visited by me in 2020. The name New Zeeland is on the top of my current list and has a capital “Z” within it; does that mean that I am destined to finally settle down somewhere in the next few years?..... ReadMore

Hassan YO*, Fagbemi KB, Ogungbemi AO and Adedini AJ4

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000202

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The study investigates availability and adequacy of sanitation practices on learning in selected secondary schools in Ifako Ijaiye local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. In order to select the secondary schools which, the study was cover, stratified sampling was employed to select 192 students in public and private secondary within the study area. The result of the findings revealed that there is variation in terms availability and adequacy of sanitation facilities across schools within the study area, and that highest percent of students’ claimed of washing hand twice, majority of school (85.3%) means of waste disposal was un-sustainable (open burning) detrimental to students health and well-being. In light of this, the study concludes that environmental sanitation facilities are available in both public and private schools..... ReadMore

Richa Roy, Bipin B Mishra* and Sanjeet Kr Sharma

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000201

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) is at door of every one across the globe. One can ignore the reality, but no one can ignore its consequences.Soil is the major environmental reservoir of many pathogenic viruses. Unfortunately, the soil biodiversity particularly in cities and metropolitan cities is virtually in active as being detached from atmosphere. As reported by many others elsewhere, corona virus develops with a positive single stranded RNA genome...... ReadMore

Oleg Khalidullin*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.04.000200

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Pines have been discovered to die in the Alps. In any place of skiing, you can find dried pine trees from 2x to 20 meters high. In each zone of visibility of the forest mass of such pines, there are from 1 to 90 percent. I wonder if science deals with this issue?..... ReadMore

Pamela L Sheehan* and Jerome J Kukor

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.04.000199

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Screening tools for predicting the feasibility of remediating complex mixtures of organic compounds are needed to reliably and cost effectively down-select remediation options. This study evaluates the use of a fugacity model as a tool for estimating phase distribution and bioavailability of mixed organic ompounds in compost. The model is compared to field-scale composting data to validate model predictions. Fugacity calculations show that the initial mass distribution of 17 semi-volatile and volatile chemicals during a 30 day compost period is predominantly to the organic composting solids and NAPL phase compartments with a lesser distribution to the aqueous phase suggesting limited bioavailability of target compounds. A fugacity level 1 phase distribution model is therefore a useful screening tool for dentifying composting limitations ..... ReadMore

Enetimi Idah Seiyaboh, Glory Richard and Sylvester Chibueze Izah*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.04.000198

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This study investigated the time impact of spatio -temporal microbial density of air contaminants in the dewatering zone of smallholder gari processing facility [n the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Triplicate petri dishes containing solidified Nutrient Agar,Saboraud Agar and MacConkey agar were exposed for 30, 40 and 50 minutes within 2-meter radius of the facility at the dewatering stage of gari processing at a height of 2.5 feet above ground. The agar plates were incubated, and the resulting microbial density determined. Results showed that the density of the microbes were in the range of 11.67 -34.67cfu/30 minutes, 22.00 -53.00cfu/40 minutes and 55.67 -84.67cfu/50 minutes, for total heterotrophic bacteria; 8.00 -24.33cfu/30 minutes, 10.33 -37.00 cfu/40 minutes and 18.67 -55.00cfu/50 minutes, for total fungi, and 7.00 -22.67cfu/30 mi..... ReadMore

Clergeau Philippe A*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.04.000197

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The sustainable city model implies multidisciplinary approaches and a change in urban project methodology. Early diagnosis provides an important platform for new project design, and among the elements examined, geographical and ecological factors should enable existing processes and biodiversity levels to be highlighted, conserved and enriched. The creation of an ecosystem should be the primary objective. This intention could fully guide possible scenarios and enable reactions to future uncertainties, be they technical, political or design decisions. A sustainable urban project would also benefit from integrating post-delivery analysis and indeed the implementation of adaptive management that periodically examines future changes to landscape or constructions, both as biotechnological entities and as places subject to human practices..... ReadMore