Open Access Journal of Environmental & Soil Science

Shamaraz Firdou

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000138

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In this study, we demonstrated the early stage wheat rust diagnosis using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Wheat rust is a common disease, caused by parasitic fungus and reduces crop yield up to 30 to 40 percent by effecting leaf and stem of plant. The wheat seed having fungus are the carrier of rust infection for the plant. The infected seed and rust fungus not only reduce food quantity but effect its quality. In our experimental research, the wheat leaf sample of day 10, 27, 35 and 45 were analyzed. The rust appears after day 24 on leaf, and rusted leaf has higher surface roughness than the normal one. We analyzed shape, surface structure of normal and rusted wheat leaf surface with AFM. The leaf protein and structure with high-resolution AFM imaging under controlled enviro.....

Civeira G

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000137

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Changes observed in many plant communities are due to the replacement of some species by others over time and due to disturbances, such as management or crop type. The San Justo Training and Demonstration Center is a complex of plots containing a great diversity of vegetables and management methods in the same site, allowing a joint analysis on the effect of different management practices on plant communities. In this sense, the objectives of this work were: 1) To analyze the weed communities in the areas adjacent to the plots destined to different uses in Buenos Aires and 2) To evaluate the degree of maturity of the vegetal communities and different uses in urban horticulture garden. Surveys were carried out in three sectors of the site coinciding with the edges of the plots of.....

Oleg Khalidullin

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000136

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Ways of water conservation in rivers are based on the creation of bulky dams with flooding of large areas and the creation of hydroelectric power plants (HPP). Man-made reservoirs are built on all residential continents, occupying more and more large areas with the destruction of biota. For example, 280 hydroelectric power plants are under construction in South America......

ZH Aliyev

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000134

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Studies have been conducted in the arid zone of Azerbaijan (Gobustan), where wind erosion is characteristic, which, together with environmental pollution, contributes to the expansion of greenhouse gases and leads to the degradation of pastures. Characterized by the process of sowing perennial legume grasses, improving the nutritional regime of the soil, activating nitrification, microbiological processes and preventing soil erosion. The “greenhouse effect” is a natural phenomenon in which certain gases in the lower atmosphere prevent some of the heat energy radiated from the Earth from escaping. The human-caused emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, and some industrial gases) have over the last few centuries added to this effect, making global temperatures warmer than they wou.....

Seyed Saeid Hojjat

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000132

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The aim of the study was to effect of interaction between Ag nanoparticles and salinity on Germination Stages of Lathyrus sativus L. Treatments included in the study were viz. To 3 levels of salinity (0 as control, 8 and 16 dS/m NaCl), 8 and 16 dS/m and four levels of silver nanoparticles (0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm) on grass pea seed were tested. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectsof silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), on the seed germination factors, root and shoot length (RL and SL) and proline content of grasspea Survival under Salinity Levels. Results showed a significant reduction in growth and development indices due to the salinity stress. The salt stress impaired the germination factors of grass pea seedlings. The application of Ag in combination improved the germination percentage, shoot and root length, seedling fresh weight.....

VN Ryzhanovskiy

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000131

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The southern limits of the distribution of the Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in Eurasia are determined by the light regime of the region - outside the zone of the polar day the birds will not come to a state of sexual activity. Northern limits of the range of Snow Bunting in the modern climate of the Arctic is not. The limits of Penetration to the North of the Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris glasses are determined by a set of biotopic, fodder and temperature minima, allowing to penetrate into the Arctic, but not to master most of it. The southern limits of distribution of the Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus are limited by the zone of the polar day defining maturation of gonads, mountain tundras of the polar Urals and bogs of the West Siberian plain. The Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis has no ecological adaptations to the subarctic .....

Elena A Serbina

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000130

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This study describes the species diversity, abundance and biomass of gastropods in the ecosystems of the southern part of Western Siberia (Karasukskii district, Novosibirsk Oblast). Distribution and Quantitative Characteristics of Common Species of Gastropoda are calculated. Twenty-one species of snails belonging to seven families were recorded, Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Bulinidae, Physidae, Bithynhdae, Succineidae, and Zonitidae. The biodiversity of mollusks was studied using the Shannon- Weaver index......

Semendyayeva NV*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000128

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Studying the macro- and microelement composition of the soils of the saline agrolandscape of the southern part of the Prichanovskaya depression, it was established that meadow-chernozem poorly saline sandy soil was formed in the eluvial position, and low-saline solonchikovy clayey soil in the bottom. Of macronutrients in them is dominated by silicon. Calcium is more than magnesium, especially in the soil horizons of the lower position. The content of trace elements in the soil of the lower position is 2-3 times higher than at the top due to their movement with surface and groundwater. The content of arsenic, barium, boron and strontium is several times higher than the MPC, which creates a difficult situation in the area, which must be considered in the production of agricultural products......

Oleg Khalidullin

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.01.000125

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The basis of all floods and droughts is water, its excess in some places and lack of it in others. Both here and there the biota dies. Water is the main mediator, means and condition for the existence of life on the planet. Water accumulates in the clouds, moves, precipitates, dissolves minerals and organic matter in itself, delivers it to animals and plants. Water itself is not a product, it is a supplier, component and builder of cells, matter of all biota......

Behrouz behrouzi-Ra

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.01.000124

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Investigating the breeding population and soil texture of breeding sites of four Terns, Crab Plover, and Western Reef Heron on the islands of Khan, Nakhilou, Om-al-Gorm, and Tahmadon in Mond Marine National Park in Persian Gulf carried out in the spring and summer in 2015. Twenty-two species of water birds identified on the islands. Eight species of them were breeder and reminder (14 species) was passage. The dominant species was Bridled Tern Sterna Anaethetus with 170427 breeder pairs that had bred on sandy ground under the Atriplex bushes. The populations of Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis and Greater Crested Tern Sterna bergii were 19933 pairs in Nakhilou and Om-al-Gorm Islands that had bred also on the Sandy ground. The breeder population of Western Reef Heron Egretta.....

JG Egbe*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000123

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Geophysical and Geotechnical investigations were carried out on the proposed New Oil Mill at Wilmar Calaro Oil Palm Estate in Awi- Akamkpa of Cross River State. Five borings were carried out at the depths of 42.3 m and 3 m at intervals of 1m and 4.7 m respectively. The samples were taken to the laboratory for Sieve analysis, compaction test, California Bearing ratio test, plasticity index, maximum dry density, unconfined triaxial test, and shrinkage test to determine the bearing capacity of the soil. The results revealed that the subsurface displayed good bearing capacities characteristic of (1.5m and 467.20KN/m2). Settlement predictions based on a loading of 100KN/m2 indicated a settlement of 1.68 mm. Hence, the subsurface is adjudged to be suitable for the proposed construction with the expected superstructure. Seismic refraction .....

Behrouz Behrouzi-Rad

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000122

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The research was conducted on Ghabre Nakhoda and Dara islands in Khore Mosa Creek in Persian Gulf on August in 2003, 2009, 2012, and 2016. Total count method was used to obtain the census of the nests and breeding population of terns and Western Reef Heron on Islands. Five species of terns and Western Reef Heron had bred on Ghabre Nakhoda and Dara islands in 2003, 2009, 2012, and 2016. Average breeding pairs of Lesser Crested Tern Thalasseus bengalensis , Swift Tern Thalasseus bergii , Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus, White-cheeked Tern Sterna repressa, Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia and Western Reef Heron Egretta gularis were 1368, 63, 217, 71, and 13 pairs on Ghabre Nakhoda and 127, 7, 54, 4, 9, and 6 pairs on Dara, respectively. Thirty-one species from ten families belonged to two order of water birds recorded on August in 2003, .....

Olga V Efremenkova

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000121

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Actinobacterium was isolated from the nature and shown that it has actymotic activity against five phytopathogenic fungi that infect cereals. The strain is identified as Streptomyces hydrogenans. It can be the basis for the development of plant protection products against phytopathogenic fungi.....

Ajit Kumar Roy

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000120

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Reported Impact Assessment of an intervention ‘Land Shaping Technology’ implemented at farmer’s field under NAIP project at different villages of south 24-Pargans district of West Bengal aiming for rainwater harvesting for irrigating crops is reported. Farm data was collected from the randomly selected farmers of both Interevent and control groups. Partial budgeting analysis was done to assess the comparative performances with respect to sources of ncome and ivelihoods, diversification of input cost, labour cost, employment generation, production etc. The impact of Land Shaping technology can be assessed from the fact that the landscape and cropping pattern has been changed from single crop to multi crop round the year resulting in enhanced productivity, e.....

Uqbah Iqbal

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000119

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Written by Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Negeri Selangor, this book is about the guide to farming quail. In Malaysia, quail and quail eggs have begun to be known since the 1960s, but the development of this industry is relatively wet. After decades of recession now the quail eggs and eggs are increasingly popular popping up part of the country’s meat and egg market space.Growth in the quail industry is increasingly positive, especially for broccoli meat where its demand is higher than Malaysia’s quail farm production......

Uqbah Iqbal

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000118

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Translated by Fuzaini Sahar, through this book young children will be able to find out about the amazing world of stars. This book is one of the titles in the series of Young Science. Through careful research and interesting pictures, the series provides a start for children to discover and learn besides being the first encyclopedia for children. For every child, the world is full of new discoveries and knowledge. It is therefore important to have a knowledge book that allows even young children to discover and collect their own knowledge. Nature Science introduces a variety of children’s acceptable topics......

Ching Chuan Huang

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000117

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A procedure for predicting cumulative slope displacements induced by groundwater table changes is proposed. The proposed procedure incorporates a back-calculation technique for the soil strength parameter based on the records of slope displacement and ground water table changes. The analytical tool for the back-calculation is a limit-equilibrium-based finite displacement method (FFDM) requiring force and moment equilibrium, displacement compatibility, and a hyperbolic shear stress-displacement constitutive law. The analyzed potential sliding mass is a statically determinate system, providing a closed-form solution for the displacement of the slope. Two well documented case histories of periodic rainfall-induced slope displacements are used to validate the proposed analytical procedures. The hyperbolic soil strength parameters back-calcula.....

Temur Gvinianidze

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000116

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Due to increasing environmental radionuclide background, the scientists and specialists constantly face the problem of developing technologies for producing plant-based, therapeutic-purpose foods and food supplements enriched with biologically active substances, which are characterized by high immunomodulating, radioprotective and antioxidant activity. From such therapeutic-purpose foods and food supplements, of particular importance are the beverages because their improved composition, sensory and liquid consistency provide high availability and increased therapeutic capacity......

David Bloch

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000115

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More than 150,000 Gallerias, Qanat Karez sweet water systems, including more than 200,000 kilo meters of tunnels still exist in the Middle East, Central Asia and Mediterranean basins. Since the Islamic agricultural revolution which took control of these water sources, they are operated inefficiently losing uncontrolled quantities of water. The original ancient design was to direct water to arid zone of sabkha basins in order to leach salt deposits by leaching, (you have used leaching twice) recrystallizing and precipitating the salts as pure thick strata S of salt crust. The tunnels are used today only for domestic and local agricultural water supply. The engineering and construction of these systems involved extremely heavy investment, in difficult desert conditions. The human cost of building the tunnels and boreholes could only have be.....

S Jeevananda Reddy

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2018.01.000114

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This is a vast subject encompassing the entire system of human activities. Simply, environment is defined as: all forms that surrounds us life forms [humans, animals, birds] & non-life forms moving [air, water] & non-moving [mountains, forests]. Human settlement interacts with the environment in a complex fashion involving many different scales. The survival of all life forms on the Earth is a function of healthy and balanced growth of environment in space and time. The new economic order must make it mandatory to protect the environment to have a balanced growth at present and in future......