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Steven I Appelbaum*, Fugui Wangb and Ry Thompsonb

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2022.06.000239

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Soil organic carbon is a primary contributor to soil health, defined as soil conditions able to support food and fiber production, and providing and maintaining ecosystem services [1-3]. Soil carbon is a foundational measure that encompasses and supports soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, all important for regulating a healthy soil environment. Improving soil carbon can lead to increased plant productivity, water quality, drought and extreme weather resilience, carbon (C) sequestration, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions [3,4]. Soil carbon has recently attracted attention, to understand climate mitigation potential and as a proxy indicator of soil health [5,6]. Studies focused on assessing and prescribing cropland fertility, typically sample to soil depths of 15-30 cm. By contrast, this study followed the Verra’..... ReadMore

Elisavet Zoupanidou*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2021.06.000230

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A challenge of the Anthropocene is to advance human development without undermining critical natural processes. At the heart of this challenge is a better understanding of the interactions and feedbacks between nature, ecosystem services, and human wellbeing, in dynamic and complex social-ecological systems. These interrelationships have been the focus of much work in the past decades, however, more remains to be done to identify and quantify them, at different scales..... ReadMore

Akshey Bhargava*, Megha TS and SheetalKamble

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2021.06.000229

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Air pollution has been termed as a democratizing force, but it is far from that, as it propagates existing environmental injustices. Industrial development and rapid urbanization have dversely affected urban air quality due to industrial and vehicular emissions. Air pollution exposure has shown to affect cognitive development in children, slow lung development and has resulted in high levels of mortality from respiratory infections. The elderly is more likely to develop cardiac illnesses and chronic respiratory as a result of long-term exposure and are more susceptible to strokes and heart attacks during episodic high pollution events. Thermal Power Plant has been a major source of air pollution for so long. Increasing health problems has made particulate matter to give special attention by control technology and framing regulations. Sus..... ReadMore

Anindita Bhattacharjee, Sheetal Kamble and Akshey Bhargava*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2021.06.000228

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Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) plays an important role in sustainable development. The motivation for the present study includes the abysmal state and challenges in MSWM in urban India. The concept of zero waste is a latest one for confounding waste problems of our society. Urbanization contributes to enhanced municipal solid waste (MSW) generation along with unscientific handling degrades the urban environment and causes health hazards. The expansion of urban areas, industrialization and changing patterns of consumption results in increased municipal waste generation which deteriorate the quality of environment, posing risk to the sustainable development. The seriousness of the problem increases in a scenario where natural resources are decreasing, and the traditional system of landfills still being practiced extensively for ..... ReadMore

Mahamed Badel Mahamed and Mishra BB*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2021.06.000227

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West Gode area of the Somali region in the eastern Ethiopia has been traditionally addicted and ideally suitable for pastoralism with virtually very limited acreage under crops. The onstruction of irrigation canal in the west Gode for assured irrigation could have successfully hanged the farming system towards crop production. However, the impact of irrigation water is now polluting the soils of the whole catchment leading to physical, chemical, and even biological degradation unless suitable managements are taken. Four representative profiles were studied for their morphological description and other relevant characterization in order to assess the degree and magnitude of the preferred land characteristics as well as qualities. The soils occurring near the main canal are getting more affected as compared to the soils away from the canal..... ReadMore

Anthony Laurel* and Takao Cozmo

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2021.06.000226

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Vertigo is a common medical condition that can be caused by a variety of factors. Here we describe a possible cause of vertigo in the Furiosuru region of Japan, the unusual movements of Pseudopandam ebrius. Vertigo has been historically attributed to P. ebrius,and while initial studies found no connection, more recent research suggests that there is a link between P. ebrius behavior and higher rates of vertigo in the local population, although the mechanism is still unknown...... ReadMore

Bandara MACS and Samarasinha GGdeLW*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000225

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Most of the identified environmental problems if not addressed properly in timely manner will result in grave implications. Unsystematic garbage dumping is one of the key environmental issues in Sri Lanka, especially in the urban environments.Theories of environmental leadership work successfully as a way of changing the negative social practices and getting societies’ commitment towards sustainability of systematic waste management. This article is discussing how the environmental leadership has contributed to maintaining good waste management practices in the society over direct or open dumping of waste which is unacceptable using insights from the waste management project of Balangoda Municipal Council (BMC). Waste management project of BMC further highlights number of initiatives which had been taken to promote systematic waste dis..... ReadMore

Liliana Tinjacá Pérez and Lilia L Roa Fuentes*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000224

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Seed bank and seedling recruitment following cessation of cattle pastures is a neuralgic topic to clarity the natural regeneration in a tropical forest. Land-use changes are related to the reduction in tree density and biomass, as well as changes in the vegetation distribution. A little-studied consequence is an effect on the soil seed bank and seedling recruitment, which are essential for natural forest regeneration. Natural regeneration starts the ecological succession without human intervention; otherwise, the active ecological restoration will be necessary for supporting the process. Here, we were focused on the effects of ferns and abandoned pasture vegetation on tropical rain forest regeneration. We assumed that the presence of invasive species in pastures delays the recovery time of plant communities after a disturbance. In S..... ReadMore

Deyemo AA and Awotungase SA*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000223

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The study has proved than housing has more cultural meaning than ordinary shelter as shown in several buildings across southwest Nigeria. This research traces the historical vernacular architecture of the Ijebus of southwest Nigeria as cultural semiotics. It is argued that the new places symbolize, represent African culture in terms of homage, food, hospitality, and cultural security, this is noticed in building across the study area. Data were gathered qualitatively, and participant observations, interviews and extensive desktop research were involved. The study found that spaces offer an eyrie of cultural values as housed in the architecture as well as names of the spaces thus communicating African sensibilities, the appearance of the traditional village at the same time sustainably conserving the architecture. The research concludes th..... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Oke Mustapha Oludare* and AwodumiOlagoke Emmanuel*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000221

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This study examined the profitability in investing in solid waste management at local government level by private investors. The study employed GIS and remote sensing to analyze the spatial entity and attributes of the 300 selected houses in Ajibode area of Ibadan metropolis. Questionnaire was administered to respondent house owners in the study area. The satellite imagery of the study area was downloaded through Google earth with a spatial resolution of 10 meters above the ground while the coordinates of the survey buildings were obtained through GPS. The study revealed that 39% of existing refuse payers and 35% of dwellers that do not have waste bin but are ready to acquire one in the study area, are ready to pay 1,500 naira conveniently. Also, 25% are willing to pay between 1,200 naira and 1,500 naira. Thus, with 1,000 buildings, the ..... ReadMore

UdoInyang UC and Edem ID *

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000220

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When the word “environment” is mentioned, what readily comes to mind is its devastation. This is not strange because what we see around us is nothing but uncleanliness arising from human activities. What has contributed to this ugly scenario is none other than man himself. Nature naturally would always want to retain its naturalness. The forces of nature that ordinarily brings about earth quakes, landslide, flood and other natural events are but the balancing of these forces to maintain stability, but human activities have brought about artificial events, the effects of which we now call devastation and pollution. Even though, the natural forces tend to equilibrate these unnatural events arising from human activities, these are stretched beyond their limits. It is the human being who should and could assist in this direction that a..... ReadMore

Shahab Ahooi, Ladan Ajdanian, Hossein Nemati, Hossein Aroiee*, Mehdi Babaei

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000219

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In recent years, the world’s growing population and growing demand for food on the one hand, and the importance of environmental issues and sustainable agriculture on the other, have led researchers to use biomass to increase agricultural productivity per unit area. Therefore, the effect of TBI extracts from Trichoderma harzianum fungal species in increasing lettuce growth in greenhouse conditions and in the soilless cultivation system in the form of a completely randomized design with invoice arrangement was performed in 6 replications. To perform this study, 4 concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15% of the extract were used for each source, as well as 2 cultivars of Siaho and Gridelik. The results showed that different levels of the extract of this fungus had different effects on the growth characteristics of lettuce. Among the various ..... ReadMore

NoulaMoungangT, TchitngaR*, Kouam EB and FometheA

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000218

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The objective of this study was to determine whether the kinetics of germination of seeds stimulated by multi- periodic and chaotic electromagnetic fields could be described using the modified Malthus-Verhulst equation. The electrical circuits used for magnetization could generate signals of period 1, -2, and -4 as well as chaotic ones. The study was carried out on two varieties of beans (V1 and V2) whose seeds were stimulated for 3 and 5 minutes respectively with electromagnetic fields of periodic properties mentioned above. A group of unexposed seeds served as the control for comparative analysis. The curves were plotted for the experimental data by minimizing the square sum of the differences between the experimental data and the mathematical model. We found that the experimental data fit well with the model, but only on the conditio..... ReadMore

Mohammadreza Gharibreza*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000217

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The 19th Global Symposium on Soil Erosion was held in FAO Headquarter, Rome, May 15-17, 2019. One of the symposium themes was soil erosion assessment tools and data; creation, consolidation, and harmonization, which assume to be most controversial among soil sciences in terms of applicability and reliability of resultant data. The most known soil erosion ssessment tools around the world are the direct assessment of water erosion in the field, remote sensing, experimental plots, rainfall simulators, and fallout radionuclides (FRN) [1]. Application and standards of each method have been modified and improved since the last decades, Besides, the scale of application and reliability of such methods remain controversial between researchers and users of results...... ReadMore

Yogendra Yadav*, BirBahadurKhanal Chhetri, Santosh Raymajhi, Krishna RajTiwari, Bishal K Sitaula, Bikram Singh

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000216

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The ecological and environmental functions performed by Trees Outside Forests are less concern in scientific community. Thus, this research was objectively conducted to assess importance value index (IVI), tree species diversity and carbon stock density. Dhangadimai Municipality of Siraha District, Nepal was selected as study site. The map of TOF was prepared and further categorized it into Group and Scattered plantation. Altogether 60 samples, specifically each 30 from Group and Scattered plantation, were collected using stratified random sampling measuring the diameter and height of the plants. Moreover, 240 soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm depths. The importance value index was estimated summing the value of relating basal area, density, and dominancy as well as Shannon wieners index, Simpson’s d..... ReadMore

Cemil Koyunoğlu*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000215

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A better understanding of the genetic codes of the Covid-19 virus, especially in vaccination studies, reaching 328 million cases worldwide and still being 40% of community immunity, equires the normalization of vaccine and drug treatments by 60% of community immunity and standardization of the outbreak. It is going to continue up to 40 months. The focus of our study, which we will describe the Pse-in-One software, is to ensure that the correct vaccine is produced in vaccine studies. In the review of Liu et al. published in a nucleic acid science ournal in 2015 and Nature science journal in 2017, how this program became functional is summarized in this study. I hope this article helps scientists in vaccine and drug development. I wish you good days...... ReadMore