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Bandara MACS and Samarasinha GGdeLW*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000225

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Most of the identified environmental problems if not addressed properly in timely manner will result in grave implications. Unsystematic garbage dumping is one of the key environmental issues in Sri Lanka, especially in the urban environments.Theories of environmental leadership work successfully as a way of changing the negative social practices and getting societies’ commitment towards sustainability of systematic waste management. This article is discussing how the environmental leadership has contributed to maintaining good waste management practices in the society over direct or open dumping of waste which is unacceptable using insights from the waste management project of Balangoda Municipal Council (BMC). Waste management project of BMC further highlights number of initiatives which had been taken to promote systematic waste dis..... ReadMore

Liliana Tinjacá Pérez and Lilia L Roa Fuentes*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000224

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Seed bank and seedling recruitment following cessation of cattle pastures is a neuralgic topic to clarity the natural regeneration in a tropical forest. Land-use changes are related to the reduction in tree density and biomass, as well as changes in the vegetation distribution. A little-studied consequence is an effect on the soil seed bank and seedling recruitment, which are essential for natural forest regeneration. Natural regeneration starts the ecological succession without human intervention; otherwise, the active ecological restoration will be necessary for supporting the process. Here, we were focused on the effects of ferns and abandoned pasture vegetation on tropical rain forest regeneration. We assumed that the presence of invasive species in pastures delays the recovery time of plant communities after a disturbance. In S..... ReadMore

Deyemo AA and Awotungase SA*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000223

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The study has proved than housing has more cultural meaning than ordinary shelter as shown in several buildings across southwest Nigeria. This research traces the historical vernacular architecture of the Ijebus of southwest Nigeria as cultural semiotics. It is argued that the new places symbolize, represent African culture in terms of homage, food, hospitality, and cultural security, this is noticed in building across the study area. Data were gathered qualitatively, and participant observations, interviews and extensive desktop research were involved. The study found that spaces offer an eyrie of cultural values as housed in the architecture as well as names of the spaces thus communicating African sensibilities, the appearance of the traditional village at the same time sustainably conserving the architecture. The research concludes th..... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Chikov VI*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000222

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Human agricultural activity is in antagonistic contradiction with the evolutionary development of land plants. The excessive use of mineral fertilizers takes a special place in this contradiction, thus leading to an environmental catastrophe and the death of Earth’s civilization. The key negative value for understanding of this issue was separation of the photosynthesis problem into light and dark processes in studies held in the eighties of the 20th century. As a result, the research on photosynthetic carbon metabolism stopped globally, which made it impossible to understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation and assimilate export from plant leaves under changing conditions. The author presented his concept on this issue and substantiated the ways out of this situation...... ReadMore

Oke Mustapha Oludare* and AwodumiOlagoke Emmanuel*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000221

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This study examined the profitability in investing in solid waste management at local government level by private investors. The study employed GIS and remote sensing to analyze the spatial entity and attributes of the 300 selected houses in Ajibode area of Ibadan metropolis. Questionnaire was administered to respondent house owners in the study area. The satellite imagery of the study area was downloaded through Google earth with a spatial resolution of 10 meters above the ground while the coordinates of the survey buildings were obtained through GPS. The study revealed that 39% of existing refuse payers and 35% of dwellers that do not have waste bin but are ready to acquire one in the study area, are ready to pay 1,500 naira conveniently. Also, 25% are willing to pay between 1,200 naira and 1,500 naira. Thus, with 1,000 buildings, the ..... ReadMore

UdoInyang UC and Edem ID *

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000220

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When the word “environment” is mentioned, what readily comes to mind is its devastation. This is not strange because what we see around us is nothing but uncleanliness arising from human activities. What has contributed to this ugly scenario is none other than man himself. Nature naturally would always want to retain its naturalness. The forces of nature that ordinarily brings about earth quakes, landslide, flood and other natural events are but the balancing of these forces to maintain stability, but human activities have brought about artificial events, the effects of which we now call devastation and pollution. Even though, the natural forces tend to equilibrate these unnatural events arising from human activities, these are stretched beyond their limits. It is the human being who should and could assist in this direction that a..... ReadMore

Shahab Ahooi, Ladan Ajdanian, Hossein Nemati, Hossein Aroiee*, Mehdi Babaei

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000219

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In recent years, the world’s growing population and growing demand for food on the one hand, and the importance of environmental issues and sustainable agriculture on the other, have led researchers to use biomass to increase agricultural productivity per unit area. Therefore, the effect of TBI extracts from Trichoderma harzianum fungal species in increasing lettuce growth in greenhouse conditions and in the soilless cultivation system in the form of a completely randomized design with invoice arrangement was performed in 6 replications. To perform this study, 4 concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15% of the extract were used for each source, as well as 2 cultivars of Siaho and Gridelik. The results showed that different levels of the extract of this fungus had different effects on the growth characteristics of lettuce. Among the various ..... ReadMore

NoulaMoungangT, TchitngaR*, Kouam EB and FometheA

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000218

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The objective of this study was to determine whether the kinetics of germination of seeds stimulated by multi- periodic and chaotic electromagnetic fields could be described using the modified Malthus-Verhulst equation. The electrical circuits used for magnetization could generate signals of period 1, -2, and -4 as well as chaotic ones. The study was carried out on two varieties of beans (V1 and V2) whose seeds were stimulated for 3 and 5 minutes respectively with electromagnetic fields of periodic properties mentioned above. A group of unexposed seeds served as the control for comparative analysis. The curves were plotted for the experimental data by minimizing the square sum of the differences between the experimental data and the mathematical model. We found that the experimental data fit well with the model, but only on the conditio..... ReadMore

Mohammadreza Gharibreza*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000217

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The 19th Global Symposium on Soil Erosion was held in FAO Headquarter, Rome, May 15-17, 2019. One of the symposium themes was soil erosion assessment tools and data; creation, consolidation, and harmonization, which assume to be most controversial among soil sciences in terms of applicability and reliability of resultant data. The most known soil erosion ssessment tools around the world are the direct assessment of water erosion in the field, remote sensing, experimental plots, rainfall simulators, and fallout radionuclides (FRN) [1]. Application and standards of each method have been modified and improved since the last decades, Besides, the scale of application and reliability of such methods remain controversial between researchers and users of results...... ReadMore

Yogendra Yadav*, BirBahadurKhanal Chhetri, Santosh Raymajhi, Krishna RajTiwari, Bishal K Sitaula, Bikram Singh

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000216

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The ecological and environmental functions performed by Trees Outside Forests are less concern in scientific community. Thus, this research was objectively conducted to assess importance value index (IVI), tree species diversity and carbon stock density. Dhangadimai Municipality of Siraha District, Nepal was selected as study site. The map of TOF was prepared and further categorized it into Group and Scattered plantation. Altogether 60 samples, specifically each 30 from Group and Scattered plantation, were collected using stratified random sampling measuring the diameter and height of the plants. Moreover, 240 soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm depths. The importance value index was estimated summing the value of relating basal area, density, and dominancy as well as Shannon wieners index, Simpson’s d..... ReadMore

Cemil Koyunoğlu*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000215

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A better understanding of the genetic codes of the Covid-19 virus, especially in vaccination studies, reaching 328 million cases worldwide and still being 40% of community immunity, equires the normalization of vaccine and drug treatments by 60% of community immunity and standardization of the outbreak. It is going to continue up to 40 months. The focus of our study, which we will describe the Pse-in-One software, is to ensure that the correct vaccine is produced in vaccine studies. In the review of Liu et al. published in a nucleic acid science ournal in 2015 and Nature science journal in 2017, how this program became functional is summarized in this study. I hope this article helps scientists in vaccine and drug development. I wish you good days...... ReadMore

Yang J, Monnot M, Eljaddi T, Ercolei L, Moulin P*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000214

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Water scarcity has become a critical problem in many semiarid and arid regions. More notably, water scarcity became worse all over the world because of the influences of social evelopment including climate change, population increase, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and ourism with a huge amount of wastewater discharge [1,2]. To alleviate water shortage, astewater reuse has long been considered as a promising approach with a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept...... ReadMore

Pundiak Oleh*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000213

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In this work we screened for the diversity of bryophytes on the protected tree plantation (14 years ago it was used as managed forest) in Stradch Arboretum. It was shown that the Majority of all bryophyte taxa identified were mosses (28 taxa), only 6 species belonged to liverworts. Terricolous moss coverage was about 0,07%. It confirms relatively low anthropogenic pressure on the plot. The number of noted taxa, which clearly preferred epixilic habitat and their mats surface were considerably lesser than such quantities for other taxa occurring on dead wood. Such a poverty of all identified liverworts and epixylic bryophytes, which is peculiar for managed forests points on low recovering rate of these bryophyte groups...... ReadMore

Diogo José Horst*

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000212

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This short review presents studies published in high impact journals regarding regulation mechanisms over emissions,monitoring, sequestration (capture) and carbon credits, mainly focusing on the forest sector. The search for studies was performed using the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. A gap was identified regarding studies that present actions with the private sector,equipment and processes and urban mobilities, in contrast, several studies were found that present significant contribution on gas emissions and climate change (carbon footprint) and mathematical models on the carbon market, especially in developed countries...... ReadMore

Oelbermann M*, Berruti F and Lévesque V

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000211

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Biochar is a carbon-rich product that is obtained when a sustainable source of biomass is heated without oxygen. Biochar is produced in the same way as charcoal, but their intended use differs. Biochar is manufactured with a specific set of properties (e.g. adsorption roperties, ion exchange capacity, low bulk density) for its use as soil amendment and/or adsorbent, hereas charcoal has specific properties (e.g. generating heat) for its use as a fuel. Humans first used biochar in the form of charcoal (as a byproduct from cooking) mixed with broken ottery, animal bones and manure in the Brazilian Amazon...... ReadMore

Bipin B Mishra*, Richa Roy, Sanjeet Kr Sharma, Bishun Deo Prasad, Sanjay K Choudhary, Ajay K Jha and Sangita Sahni

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000210

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A novel coronavirus (COVID-19 virus) outbreak has caused a global pandemic resulting in huge number of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide. The present review is an effort to establish the preventive measures based on biodegradability as well as adsorption of specific part of such viruses during clay-protein interactions in contact with soil surface. Even the biodegradability of many organic compounds and molecules is altered and the activity of enzymes is adversely affected upon their adsorption to the soil mineral surfaces and clays. Viruses have in general interconnection and interdependence within aboveground and underground biodiversity covering aerosol (gas), water (liquid) and soil or sediment (solid) and are subject to undergo biodegradation following the biogeochemical cycling. Available reports suggest that Covid-19..... ReadMore

Manisha Ghimire, Ram Asheshwar Mandal* and Ajay Bhakta Mathema

DOI : 10.32474/OAJESS.2020.05.000209

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The soil health of sub-watershed indicates the function of the soil which can be evaluated using the soil quality index (SQI) but research regarding this so far limited. Thus, this research was objectively done to assess the soil nutrient status and soil quality index according to soil depth and compare these values in sub-watersheds. Three sub-watersheds namely Baruwa hola, Puware Khola and Chituwa Khola of Udayapur district were selected as the study area. The soil was extracted from 0-10, 10-20 and 20- 30 cm depths so total 108 samples, 36 from each catchment were collected in W shape. The soil parameters N, P, K, C, pH, and soil texture were analysed using Kjeldahl method for nitrogen, Olsen’s and Somers method for phosphorous, Flame photometric method for potassium, Walkley and Black method for arbon and pH metre for pH. The SQI w..... ReadMore