Mohammad Imad khrieba*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.08.000277

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Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. There are two main categories of Mycorrhizae relationships: Endomycorrhizal fungi (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) (AMF) form relationships with over 90% of plants (including turf grasses). Ectomycorrhizae fungi form relationships with only about 2% of plants, but some of them are quite common. In this scientific review, we will only talk about Endomycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature, the Endomycorrhizal the most abundant and widespread. The molecular basis of nutrient exchange between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants is presented. The role of AM fungi in disease protection, Root colonisation by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can improve plant..... ReadMore

Verdecia DM*, Torres E, Sánchez AR, Álvarez-PerdomoGR, Herrera RS, Ramirez JL, Paumier M, Bodas R, Giraldez FJ, Grizelj J and Lopez S

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.08.000276

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The present work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of the regrowth age on the chemical composition, digestibility and polyphenol content of the Jatropha curcas in an area of Cauto Valley. Was used piece of ground of Jatropha curcas with two years of establishment. A randomized block design with six replicas was used. The treatments were regrowth ages of 60, 120 and 180 days. At the beginning of each seasonal period a homogeneity cut was made at 1 m above the ground level. From there the sampling was carried out in 10 random plants eliminating the edge effect in an area of 0.5 ha, according to the treatments. The chemical composition of Jatropha curcas the dry matter content, DNF, ADF, ADL, increase with age with its best results at 180 days with 28.82; 51.53; 33.44 and 20.22%; while the CP and cellular content decr..... ReadMore

Bijan Azad

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000272

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Soils are the largest organic carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems, the quantity of this pool is twice the amount of organic carbon in the atmosphere and three times more organic carbon than the biotic world [1]. Soils store an estimated 1500Pg organic carbon in the first meter of soil and 2500Pg of organic carbon to 2m; which is more organic carbon than is contained in the biotic world (500Pg of carbon) and twice as much organic carbon as the atmosphere (750Pg of carbon) [2]. Recently studies reported that any small changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) will have a major impact on the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere as well as global warming. Therefore, soils have a prominent role in maintaining the balance of the global carbon..... ReadMore

Amarjit K Nath* and Meena Thakur

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000270

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It has been projected as per United Nation that India’s population could surpass that of China’s around 2024, two years later than previously estimated and is projected to touch 1.5 billion in 2030. Because of it, India will have to face two major challenges, provide employment to youth and nutritive food in adequate quantity to people. Beekeeping industry can play an important role in addressing these challenges. Beekeeping is maintenance of honeybee colonies, commonly in manmade Beehives. According to the National Commission on Agriculture, India needs minimum 200 million honeybee colonies just to pollinate and increase productivity of 12 major crops which are self-sterile and need insect pollination. This will provide employment to 215 lakh people and produce 10 million tons..... ReadMore

Naggar Mustapha*, Lahssini Said and Moukrim Said

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000269

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The general principles of forest management have been shown to be of application to forest ecosystems in such areas as the argan forest. Since the early 1990s, the practice of forest management has evolved to be more supportive of the multi-functionality of forest areas and the sustainability of their resources. It is a matter of reframing the interventions in the different management units through the adoption of “restorative” activities that enhance the resilience of these ecosystems. This paper proposes to explore the possibilities of developing a global system of knowledge and understanding of argan ecosystems. Mediterranean Forest Week in Agadir - Morocco (March 2017) for the restoration of forest ecosystems...... ReadMore

Silvina Golik, Adriana M Chamorro, Rodolfo Bezus, Andrea Pellegrini1, Bárbara Novillo and Axel Voisin

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000268

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A trial was carried out with the objective of comparatively evaluating the ecological sustainability of four crop rotations under two managements. The rotations were: a. Oats/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Sunflower-Wheat, b. Barley/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Soybeans-Wheat, c. Oilseed rape/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Sorghum-Wheat and d. Wheat/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Soybeans-Wheat. The analyzed management were two: one is the “average management”, the other is a “management of greater use of inputs”. For the evaluation, five indicators were used: nutrient balance, contribution to soil organic matter, pesticide use impact, energy efficiency and water use efficiency. The rotation 2 was the one of greater sustainability under the two managements. The management of greater application of inputs improved sustainability mainly through better balance of nutrients despite ..... ReadMore

Dheyaa P Yousif *

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000267

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Truffle is the most expensive mushroom in the world (its price is more expensive than ostriches). The truffle of manna and its healing of the eye). Truffles are high in price but poor food and livelihood. It is called turf, camphor, spaghetti, thyme, thunderbolt or thunder plant since this fungus grows after thunderstorms as it needs large quantities of nitrogen to grow and thunder provides rain water in quantities of nitrous acid which turns into nitric acid and thus provides the amount of nitrogen needed for truffle growth. Truffles produce many rainy seasons in lightning and thunder in relatively light soils. Truffle is a parasite that does not contain chlorophyll and does not process photosynthesis, but relies on vital residues in the soil. Truffles grow under the surface of the earth, which does not show any parts of it above the sur..... ReadMore

Gabriel Mikhail M Gonzales* and Bates M Bathan

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000266

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The study analyzed the market acceptability of Mykovam, a biofertilizer developed by UPLB BIOTECH, among coconut farmers in San Pablo City, Laguna. It determined the coconut farmer’s level of knowledge of organic and chemical fertilizers and the level of acceptability on Mykovam and its attributes. Using multistage sampling, 83 coconut farmers were randomly selected from 15 barangays. Descriptive analysis and Likert scale rating analysis were used in the study. Results showed that more respondents were moderately and extremely knowledgeable on organic fertilizers than of chemical fertilizers. The seven Mykovam attributes, namely price, materials used, smell, packaging, label, ease of application and amount of application and its overall acceptability were found to be acceptable. The study recommended the improve..... ReadMore

Shahid Ahamad* and Banarsi Lal

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000265

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Jammu and Kashmir is a mountainous state in which about 30 per cent of the area is under cultivation. Agriculture is the backbone of the state and this sector provides employment directly or indirectly to around 70 per cent of the state population. The agro-diversity of the state varies from sub-tropical in Jammu region, temperate in Kashmir region and cold arid in Ladakh region. Organic agriculture is generally environment friendly which maintains soil health and enhances biodiversity. Already large numbers of farmers of the state are growing vegetables, spices, basmati rice, walnuts, herbs etc. organically. There is need to introduce organic farming commercially, scientifically and in a systematized way so that the farmers can get rich dividends and farming can become sustainable...... ReadMore

Taskeen Ahmad*, Muhammad Ahsan Khan, Tayybah Gul, Usman Khalique, Farwa Aslam, Sara Idrees, Saba Akram and M Asif and M Ashfaq

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000264

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Pathogenicity of Isaria fumosorosae, Metrhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was checked against the adults and pupae of Bactrocera cucurbitae under lab condition. Results showed that pupal mortality by immersion of pupae into the fugal suspension was minimum as compared to the adults emerged from the treated pupae. Average mortality of pupae was ranged from 22 to 51% while adult mortality was 48.5 to 84.4% respectively. Mycelium growth rate on the dead pupae and adults was maximum in I. fumosorosae and B. bassiana while M. anisopliae treated pupae and adults showed no mycelium growth on the dead pupae and adults. This study showed that I. fumosorosae and B. bassiana were significantly effective for the control of immature as well as adults of B. cucurbitae and could be used in the field conditions by following t..... ReadMore

Africa Martinez Poveda*, Margarita Brugarolas Molla-Bauza, Francisco Jose del Campo Gomis, Laura Martinez Carrasco Martinez and Asuncion Agullo Torres

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000263

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The new production techniques to produce novel food have generated satisfaction among producers, but also a degree of uncertainty among consumers concerned particularly about effects on their health. The purpose of this paper is to study the perception and acceptance of genetically modified food by consumers in Spain. The objectives are summarized as follows (i) to discover the knowledge that Spanish consumers possess about such food and the information relating to, (ii) to identify the factors that influence its acceptance. The population was segmented by using different descriptive and functional variables to determine potential future consumers with the aim of establishing strategies to improve consumer acceptance of this food...... ReadMore

Lambert HB Kanga*, Shalom C Siebert, Mehboob Sheikh and Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000262

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Honeybees are of economic importance not only for honey production but also for crop pollination. Nationwide, the value of the increased crop yield and quality achieved by honeybees is estimated at $14.6 billion. Thus, bee health is critical for the success of pollination-based agriculture, which produces about a third of our diet in the United States (US). Unfortunately, the number of honeybee colonies in the US has declined by more than 40% in the last few years. A combination of causal factors, including exposure to pesticides, parasites, and beekeeping practices are believed to be the culprit for the increased colony mortality. In this study, we compared pesticide residues under two different beekeeping management practices (conventionally and organically-managed apiaries)...... ReadMore

Lamiaa Mohamed HY and Moustafa Bakry MS*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000261

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Three IGRs: Match, Runner and Dimilin, three plant oils: orange oil, sesame oil and jasmine oil were tested against two species of mealybugs Icerya seychellarum and Ferrisia virgata infested guava trees at Ismailia Governorate as alternatives to mineral oils. Toxicological study as expressed by LC50 and toxicity index indicated that all IGRs showed high toxicological effect than plant oils, Runner showed the highest toxic effect against I. seychellarum followed by Dimilin, KZ- oil, Match and orange oil while jasmine oil and sesame oil showed the lowest toxic effect. In case of F. virgata, Runner showed the highest toxic effect followed by KZ- oil, Dimilin, Match and jasmine oil while both orange oil and sesame oil showed the lowest toxic effect. Results of field evaluation experiment of the tested materials against the two species of meal..... ReadMore

MS Dyakov*, SV Zalesov and YaI Vaisman

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000260

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The opportunity of using non-conventional composite mixtures as fertilizers for growing one- and two-year seedlings of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied in the forest nursery of Sukholozhsky Forest District and Ural Educational and Experimental Forest Farm of the Federal State Higher Education Institution Ural State Forest Engineering University. The composite mixtures were prepared based on the sewage sludge produced by public treatment stations or the products of their thermal processing. Root application of composite mixtures was used with preceding and subsequent soil loosening in the doses of 500 kg/ha and 1,000 kg/ha. After the end of the growing season, 30 seedlings were taken out in each experiment option and their key parameters were measured: stipitate length, root neck diameter, ..... ReadMore

Bagirova RF*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000259

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The article discusses the impact of the erosion process on mountain black terrestrial, suitable for planting soils widespread in the Shamakhi region of Azerbaijan, which are more or less subject to erosion, which impairs its fertility, weakens fertility etc. It should be recognized that the influence of agricultural activity of man on the processes taking place in the soil is a deeply studied problem. What contributed to the negligence of the soil, its incorrect and irrational use which weaken its fertility, change the normal direction of the process of soil formation. According to the latest data, more than 50% of the soils of the Shamakhi region are subject to the process of water and irrigation erosion, a process that is widely distributed mainly in mountain black-terrestrial. According to well-known scientists of ..... ReadMore

Ant�nio Moitinho Rodrigues*, Abel Veloso, Edgar Vaz and Jos� Fragoso de Almeida

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000258

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The feed cost represents the major cost in milk production. Direct grazing and forage produced on the dairy farm could allow the farmer to a better feed production cost control. Ryegrass have been extensively used for grazing and forage production. This study evaluates the production and nutritional composition of two ryegrass cultivars diploid and tetraploid alone or in a binary mixture (50:50). The results showed that the binary mixture is a good option because of its higher production of DM/ha, higher ME and NFC and lower content of NDF, ADF and ADL..... ReadMore

Guliyeva MA*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000257

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Taking all these into account, it is important to increase the fertility of the soil from the erosion process in Ismayilli and to prevent the washing of fodder crops from perennial herbs. The cultivation of these plants in the mountainous regions protects the slopes from the terrible erosion process and provides the animals with a strong fodder. It is proved by the results of the research that restoration of fertility and ecological balance of erosion lands and the implementation of soil-agro-technical measures to increase productivity are of great importance. Due to the application of these measures, I, as a result of improving the water and physical properties of the affected land, prevent surface water flows. In addition, the results of the study have been proven by the fact that, for certain rea..... ReadMore

Udemezue JC*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000256

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Youths are the essential resources for every nation, especially for sustaining agricultural productivity as an important sector for nation building. Unfortunately, this category of people is virtually left out in policies and program considerations even though this is a critical stage for this group of people for transition into adulthood. The unemployment rate of this group globally ranked 12.6% compared with 4.8% as the rate of the adults in 2010 and this has the possibility of tempting most youth to embark on migration especially to urban centers and beyond since this act creates opportunities for accessing job opportunities. Agriculture being one of the foundation pillars of any society can only function as such if this insufficient youth participation is reversed. For instance, improving youth productivity in ..... ReadMore

Akerele*, Ezekiel Olaoluwa , Yusuf and Misturh Olaide

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000255

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Globally, quest for empowerment have increased the need of investigation into the economic activities of marketers. This study focused performance of yam marketing in Yewa Division of Ogun State, Nigeria with the specific objectives of describing the socio economic characteristics of the yam marketers; describe the cost and return structure of yam marketing; estimate the marketing margin and efficiency of yam and identify the problems militating against yam marketing in the study area. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select ten (10) markets. From each market, twelve (12) yam marketers were randomly selected and interviewed making a total of one hundred and twenty (120) sampled marketers for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. Results ob..... ReadMore

Sadiq MS*, Singh IP, Ahmad MM, Yunusa JB and Egba SM

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000254

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Failure to sustain most of the rural poor and food security programmes in Nigeria after their life span is due to poor productivity of the capital investment of a project to generate a remunerative income to sustain a typical agrarian farming household in Nigeria. Thus, to critically investigate this hypothetically proposition, this research aimed evaluating the viability of the IFAD rice project among the beneficiaries in Niger State of Nigeria. Undated data of 2018 rainfed cropping season was elicited from 111 farmers through multi-stage sampling technique and the information were collected via structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The empirical results showed that the rice project in the study area is likely not t..... ReadMore