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Review Article
MI Mammadov and MG Mustafayev* View abstract
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The problems of the nutrient balance study under vineyards in the light-chestnut soils of Ganja-Gazakh of Azerbaijan are examined. 3,84kg/h of N/NH 3 ; 0,99kg/h of N/nO 3 P 2 O 5 of 1,16kg/h penetrate into the soil with the atmosphere precipitations, but 1,73; 1,55; 1,05; 21,69kg/h with the irrigative waters. A total annual nitrogen-6,87-7,29%, phosphorus-0,59-0,79%, potassium-3,92-7,29% were leached from the scattered fertilizer into lizimeters. While a weight of the dry mass and a total quantity of the nutrient increase, an outlet with the annual trimming materials and crops has raised. It is established that a balance of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium under all the versions of the experiment is positive. The bala..... -
Mini Review
Ayoub Mohammed Mahmoud* View abstract
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The widely revealed roles and contributions of voluntary patriotic practices on poverty reduction in Zanzibar [1], calls for a rationale for enhancing the practical usefulness of voluntary patriotic practices on poverty reduction initiatives in Zanzibar. This is mainly envisaged the need of integrating the practically tested voluntary patriotic practices in the poverty reduction policy frameworks. The tested result-based voluntary patriotic practices in various areas of Zanzibar seem to be useful in the course of enhancing prevailing poverty reduction initiatives under various Zanzibar Poverty Reduction policy frameworks and other socio- economic development related strategies. While the voluntary patriotic practices .....
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Research Article
Muhammad Zuhaib Safdar View abstract
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Studies was carried out to investigate population dynamics and the effect of abiotic factors on population dynamics of sucking insect pests of BT cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and jassid (Amrasca biguttula), under unprotected condition. The results of the field study revealed that the sucking pest (whiteflies and jassids) population were maximum at highest temperature. (11.68) of whiteflies per leaf was recorded at highest temperature (45 oC) and lowest humidity (30%). Similarly, the maximum population (3.53) of jassids per leaf was recorded at maximum temperature (45 oC) and lowest humidity (30%) on July 10th, 2017. The rainfall had slight impact on the population of whiteflies and Jassids. Simple correlation analysis revealed that maximum temperature showed significant positive effect and the minimum temperature showed negative effec.....
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Research Article
Mohammad Shafiq*, Abdul Ghaffar Sagoo, Mohammad Arif, Mohammad Yousaf, Mohammad Zafar, Naeem Akhtar, Khalid Nazir and Abdul Hannan View abstract
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The problem of ground water quality has become more imperative than the quantity, as the ecological glitches are getting more severe in various zones of the globe. Numerous factors such as pollution due to agricultural, industrial and human activities, poor groundwater governance and other ecological surroundings in which the water ensues to stay or move and intermingle with ground and living organisms. These impacts prominently on the ground water quality of specific zone. Therefore, a field study was planned in Land Reclamation Sub-Division Thal in 2016 to assess the quality of ground water being pumped. Thal Sub-Division includes Layya, Kundian, Ahmad Pur Sial and Bhakkar districts. Overall 370 water samples each in pre and post Mon soon season 2016 were collected. The water samples were analyzed for their quality character.....
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Review Article
Usman Khalique*, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Muhammad Faizan Ahmed and Umar Niaz View abstract
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Research work revealed that stored grain pests pose serious threats to stored food commodities and cause economic losses. Khapra beetle ( Trogoderma granarium ) considered one of the most destructive pests that has great economic importance because of starvation capability for three years and has best survival rate at low humidity. T. granarium cause heavy losses in stored commodities and decrease the quality and quantity of grains. Development of resistance in T. granarium against insecticides like malathion, phosphine and pyrethroids has further increased its economic importance. There is no review available in the literature for the stored products policy makers and managers to control this pest. Following study reveals the economic losses cause by Khapra .....
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Review Article
Virender Singh Lather* View abstract
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Hydrogels or super absorbents polymers (SAP) are used in agriculture for over 40 years and cross-linked polymers which absorb water 400 to 1500 times to dry weight. Hydrogels categorized into 3 classes: 1. Naturally occurring polymers 2. Semi-synthetic polymers derived from cellulose by chemically combined with petrochemicals. 3. Synthetic polymers made from petrochemicals and polyacrylamides (PAM). The ICAR also accomplished a synthetic polymer ‘Pusa hydrogel’ to reduce the irrigation requirements of the crops. The absorptive capability of hydrogel is affected by its physical-chemical composition and environmental factors. Recent novel research findings that “Gypsum precipitates the gel of synthetic hydrogels into the fluid and make them unsuitable for agricultural uses.....
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Research Article
Mubashar Hussain*, Umar Niaz, Muhammad Bilal and Nauman Liaqat View abstract
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Screening of twenty rice varieties with sub1 gene was performed to check their resistance under submergence conditions. This experiment involved growing of rice germ plasms sown in small pots filled with Irish Peat Moss. These pots were placed in incubator for germination. After ten days these pots were submerged in water tank to check their submergence resistance. Three varieties showed good tolerance against submergence as they grew less in length and seventeen varieties gave poor result as they grew more in length......
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Research Article
Hanadi E AbdElrazig, Mohammed I Musa and Salih Elagab Elsheikh* View abstract
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This study considered a value chain analysis of tomato production and its related activities, conducted in Khartoum state, to perform financial analysis for the whole chain to assess the value added and profit margin distribution among the different actors. The primary data for the study was collected through structured questionnaires for 365 respondents which included farmers (100), Intermediate (25), wholesalers (60), retailers (90) and consumer (90). The secondary data were collected from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forests and Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Wealth, Khartoum State. The main objective was to look at the costs, returns and profit distributed along the chain by each actor. The analytical tools employed included financial value chain analysis, share rate analysis and desc.....
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Research Article
Salih Elagab Elsheikh, Hanadi El Fadil Abdarazig*, Hamid H Faki View abstract
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This study was carried out with the objective to assessment the impacts of adoption of improved varieties of groundnut and sesame on the farm income of households in three localities of Sheikan, Umrawaba and Elrahad in the North Kordofan State. Data for this study was primarily from farm household surveys conducted in seven seasons (2006/2007 to 2014/2015) in three localities of Shemika, ElRahad and UmRawaba in North Kordofan State. A random sample of 794 households was randomly drawn from different villages in the study area. Multi-stage random approach was adopted. Treatment effect regression was used to assess the impact of adoption of improved varieties in the study area. Analysis was completed using STATA12 and SPSS22 software packages to draw results and test hypotheses. Results show that Adoption degrees of the improved.....
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Review Article
Sebastain Ofumba Uremadu* and Onuegbu Onyekachi View abstract
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This study examined the impact of capital structure on corporate performance in Nigeria with special focus on consumer goods firm sector of the economy. Multiple regression of ordinary least square (OLS) analytical technique was used to analyse the data. The results from the study showed a negative and insignificant impact of capital structure on corporate performance of the consumer goods firm sector of Nigeria. That long-term debt ratio to total asset had a negative and insignificant impact on returns on assets, while total debt ratio to equity also had a negative and insignificant impact on returns on assets. The study, therefore, concluded that capital structure is not a major determinant of firm performance. Hence, the study recommends that managers should be careful while using debt as a source of finance since a negativ.....
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Review Article
Sebastian O Uremadu*, Francis Okafor O and Charity E Duru Uremadu View abstract
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There exist some inherent risk elements like physical risk, environmental risk, logistic risk, financial risk, legal risk, political risk, etc. in the construction work environment in Nigeria. Before now those costing these projects use only contingency sum approach and insurance cover without properly taking into consideration all these other critical factors of risk. The result is that most contract projects that border on, construction works were either over-valued or under-valued with their consequent rising cost implications, before execution contract agreement is signed. The present paper used secondary data compiled by a Consultant Quantity Surveyor to carry out some evaluation tests and analysis through the use of an established model that combined material cost (M), labour cost (L) and Plant cost (P) to arrive at a to.....
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Review Article
Sebastian O Uremadu*, Florence O Ariwa and Charity E Duru Uremadu View abstract
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The study examined effect of government agricultural expenditure on agricultural output in Nigeria using time series data from 1981 to 2014. Having analyzed data using unit root test, co-integration test and vector error correction model, results of unit root test showed that all the variables were integrated at the first order difference. On the other hand, the Johansen co-integration tests revealed that a long-run relationship existed between agricultural output and government agricultural expenditure. Going through the vector error correction model results indicated that agricultural output adjusted rapidly to changes in total government agricultural expenditure, real exchange rate, banking system credit to agriculture, average annual rainfall and population growth rate. With respect to indiv.....
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Research Article
Ziya Altas, Mehmet Metin Ozguven* and Yusuf Yanar View abstract
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This study was conducted to determine the cercospora leaf spot disease level in the local sugar beets field in Tokat province using the image processing algorithms and to check the maching between the leaf spot disease assessment done by using the image processing algorithms and visual assessment done by expert using disease severity scale. For this purpose, 12 images showing different levels of development of the disease, taken at different times and different natural lighting conditions from the field have been determined by image processing technique using Image Processing Toolbox module of MATLAB program. As a result of the study, the disease severity results acquired; a: 100%, b: 48%, c: 42%, d: 21%, e: 80%, f: 28%, g: 74%, h: 47%, i: 29%, j: 46%, k: 20%, m: 51% with observatio.....
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Review Article
Mohammed Mussa View abstract
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Environmental accounting is the identification, measurement and allocation of environmental costs, the integration of these environmental costs into business decisions, and the subsequent communication of the information to a company’s stakeholders. Auditing environmental is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards. Eco mark is a certification mark issued to products conforming to a set of standards aimed at the least impact on the ecosystem. The paper has reviewed the environmental drawbacks associated with hydropower projects. It is amply clear that regulatory actions by pollution control agencies alone cannot restore the environment to its pristine state. Pro-active and promotional r.....
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Short Communication
Babikir A Mohamed, Eltighani M Elamin*, Abd Elaziz and A Hashim Alobied View abstract
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The main purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability of production of millet and sorghum, the main stable food crops in traditional rain fed areas in Southern Darfur State (SDS), and explore the potential resources, capabilities and constraints of production and the possibility of regional trade between SDS and the other States of the country. The results of the study revealed that the main factors constraining production in SDS are farm access insecurity which represents 30%, ineffective control of pests and diseases 20%, poor genetic stock 20%, inadequate amount of rainfall 14% and low fertility of Qoz and Atmur soils 6%, lack of extension service 6% and financial lack of ability 4%. The small producers have limited access to credit and research released technological knowledge. Total area plante.....
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Review Article
Mohammad Reza Ghaffariyan*, Robin Apolit, Martin Kuehmaier View abstract
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The fuel consumption of equipment during forest harvesting operations is still not well known and existing measurement technologies are largely untested. Considering forest industry’s need, some countries have developed and compared tools to quantify, control and analyses fuel consumption to create suitable analysis methods. Comprehensive trials have been carried out by researchers in different countries to quantify the fuel consumption rates for different harvesting methods. This article provides a short review of fuel consumption rates of whole tree and cut-to-length harvesting methods. The article explains the factors influencing the fuel consumption and provides suggestions to control and reduce fuel consumption of harvesting machines......
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Research Article
Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Syeda Sana Aamir, Ahmed Behzad and Summaira Ali View abstract
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The study was carried out at NARC Islamabad during July 2018 to October 2018 to examine the impact of gibberellic acid on the 01-year rooted olive cuttings of three varieties i.e. Coratina, Chetoui and Megaron in tunnel under saline environment. Soil salinity was developed artificially with the mixture of different salts at 2.0dSm -1 . Completely randomized design was applied with three replications. Foliar spray of Gibberellic acid @ 0, 200 and 400 mgl -1 was done. Growth parameters of plant height stem diameter internodal distance, # of leaves plant -1 , leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll contents were recorded at the end of the experiment. Coratina olive variety attained the highest plant height, internodal distance, number of leaves plant -1 and leaf area at 200 and 4.....
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Short Communication
NG Aloyan* View abstract
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The article considers the problem of piezometric head redistribution when water intake is performed from the elastic aquifer through flowing wells. By using dimension theory and the method of least squares, we process the simulation results got from the simulation studies of flowing wells on the constant grid mathematical model and develop approximate formula for determining the pressure drawdown at any point of the suggested aquifer. Its checkup with the data of simulation and field studies has shown a satisfactory result......
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