Bijan Azad

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000272

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Soils are the largest organic carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems, the quantity of this pool is twice the amount of organic carbon in the atmosphere and three times more organic carbon than the biotic world [1]. Soils store an estimated 1500Pg organic carbon in the first meter of soil and 2500Pg of organic carbon to 2m; which is more organic carbon than is contained in the biotic world (500Pg of carbon) and twice as much organic carbon as the atmosphere (750Pg of carbon) [2]. Recently studies reported that any small changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) will have a major impact on the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere as well as global warming. Therefore, soils have a prominent role in maintaining the balance of the global carbon..... ReadMore

Amarjit K Nath* and Meena Thakur

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000270

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It has been projected as per United Nation that India’s population could surpass that of China’s around 2024, two years later than previously estimated and is projected to touch 1.5 billion in 2030. Because of it, India will have to face two major challenges, provide employment to youth and nutritive food in adequate quantity to people. Beekeeping industry can play an important role in addressing these challenges. Beekeeping is maintenance of honeybee colonies, commonly in manmade Beehives. According to the National Commission on Agriculture, India needs minimum 200 million honeybee colonies just to pollinate and increase productivity of 12 major crops which are self-sterile and need insect pollination. This will provide employment to 215 lakh people and produce 10 million tons..... ReadMore

Silvina Golik, Adriana M Chamorro, Rodolfo Bezus, Andrea Pellegrini1, Bárbara Novillo and Axel Voisin

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000268

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A trial was carried out with the objective of comparatively evaluating the ecological sustainability of four crop rotations under two managements. The rotations were: a. Oats/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Sunflower-Wheat, b. Barley/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Soybeans-Wheat, c. Oilseed rape/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Sorghum-Wheat and d. Wheat/Soybeans 2º-Corn-Soybeans-Wheat. The analyzed management were two: one is the “average management”, the other is a “management of greater use of inputs”. For the evaluation, five indicators were used: nutrient balance, contribution to soil organic matter, pesticide use impact, energy efficiency and water use efficiency. The rotation 2 was the one of greater sustainability under the two managements. The management of greater application of inputs improved sustainability mainly through better balance of nutrients despite ..... ReadMore

Shahid Ahamad* and Banarsi Lal

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000265

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Jammu and Kashmir is a mountainous state in which about 30 per cent of the area is under cultivation. Agriculture is the backbone of the state and this sector provides employment directly or indirectly to around 70 per cent of the state population. The agro-diversity of the state varies from sub-tropical in Jammu region, temperate in Kashmir region and cold arid in Ladakh region. Organic agriculture is generally environment friendly which maintains soil health and enhances biodiversity. Already large numbers of farmers of the state are growing vegetables, spices, basmati rice, walnuts, herbs etc. organically. There is need to introduce organic farming commercially, scientifically and in a systematized way so that the farmers can get rich dividends and farming can become sustainable...... ReadMore

Africa Martinez Poveda*, Margarita Brugarolas Molla-Bauza, Francisco Jose del Campo Gomis, Laura Martinez Carrasco Martinez and Asuncion Agullo Torres

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000263

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The new production techniques to produce novel food have generated satisfaction among producers, but also a degree of uncertainty among consumers concerned particularly about effects on their health. The purpose of this paper is to study the perception and acceptance of genetically modified food by consumers in Spain. The objectives are summarized as follows (i) to discover the knowledge that Spanish consumers possess about such food and the information relating to, (ii) to identify the factors that influence its acceptance. The population was segmented by using different descriptive and functional variables to determine potential future consumers with the aim of establishing strategies to improve consumer acceptance of this food...... ReadMore

Lambert HB Kanga*, Shalom C Siebert, Mehboob Sheikh and Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000262

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Honeybees are of economic importance not only for honey production but also for crop pollination. Nationwide, the value of the increased crop yield and quality achieved by honeybees is estimated at $14.6 billion. Thus, bee health is critical for the success of pollination-based agriculture, which produces about a third of our diet in the United States (US). Unfortunately, the number of honeybee colonies in the US has declined by more than 40% in the last few years. A combination of causal factors, including exposure to pesticides, parasites, and beekeeping practices are believed to be the culprit for the increased colony mortality. In this study, we compared pesticide residues under two different beekeeping management practices (conventionally and organically-managed apiaries)...... ReadMore

Lamiaa Mohamed HY and Moustafa Bakry MS*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000261

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Three IGRs: Match, Runner and Dimilin, three plant oils: orange oil, sesame oil and jasmine oil were tested against two species of mealybugs Icerya seychellarum and Ferrisia virgata infested guava trees at Ismailia Governorate as alternatives to mineral oils. Toxicological study as expressed by LC50 and toxicity index indicated that all IGRs showed high toxicological effect than plant oils, Runner showed the highest toxic effect against I. seychellarum followed by Dimilin, KZ- oil, Match and orange oil while jasmine oil and sesame oil showed the lowest toxic effect. In case of F. virgata, Runner showed the highest toxic effect followed by KZ- oil, Dimilin, Match and jasmine oil while both orange oil and sesame oil showed the lowest toxic effect. Results of field evaluation experiment of the tested materials against the two species of meal..... ReadMore

MS Dyakov*, SV Zalesov and YaI Vaisman

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000260

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The opportunity of using non-conventional composite mixtures as fertilizers for growing one- and two-year seedlings of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied in the forest nursery of Sukholozhsky Forest District and Ural Educational and Experimental Forest Farm of the Federal State Higher Education Institution Ural State Forest Engineering University. The composite mixtures were prepared based on the sewage sludge produced by public treatment stations or the products of their thermal processing. Root application of composite mixtures was used with preceding and subsequent soil loosening in the doses of 500 kg/ha and 1,000 kg/ha. After the end of the growing season, 30 seedlings were taken out in each experiment option and their key parameters were measured: stipitate length, root neck diameter, ..... ReadMore

Bagirova RF*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000259

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The article discusses the impact of the erosion process on mountain black terrestrial, suitable for planting soils widespread in the Shamakhi region of Azerbaijan, which are more or less subject to erosion, which impairs its fertility, weakens fertility etc. It should be recognized that the influence of agricultural activity of man on the processes taking place in the soil is a deeply studied problem. What contributed to the negligence of the soil, its incorrect and irrational use which weaken its fertility, change the normal direction of the process of soil formation. According to the latest data, more than 50% of the soils of the Shamakhi region are subject to the process of water and irrigation erosion, a process that is widely distributed mainly in mountain black-terrestrial. According to well-known scientists of ..... ReadMore

Ant�nio Moitinho Rodrigues*, Abel Veloso, Edgar Vaz and Jos� Fragoso de Almeida

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000258

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The feed cost represents the major cost in milk production. Direct grazing and forage produced on the dairy farm could allow the farmer to a better feed production cost control. Ryegrass have been extensively used for grazing and forage production. This study evaluates the production and nutritional composition of two ryegrass cultivars diploid and tetraploid alone or in a binary mixture (50:50). The results showed that the binary mixture is a good option because of its higher production of DM/ha, higher ME and NFC and lower content of NDF, ADF and ADL..... ReadMore

Guliyeva MA*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000257

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Taking all these into account, it is important to increase the fertility of the soil from the erosion process in Ismayilli and to prevent the washing of fodder crops from perennial herbs. The cultivation of these plants in the mountainous regions protects the slopes from the terrible erosion process and provides the animals with a strong fodder. It is proved by the results of the research that restoration of fertility and ecological balance of erosion lands and the implementation of soil-agro-technical measures to increase productivity are of great importance. Due to the application of these measures, I, as a result of improving the water and physical properties of the affected land, prevent surface water flows. In addition, the results of the study have been proven by the fact that, for certain rea..... ReadMore

Akerele*, Ezekiel Olaoluwa , Yusuf and Misturh Olaide

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000255

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Globally, quest for empowerment have increased the need of investigation into the economic activities of marketers. This study focused performance of yam marketing in Yewa Division of Ogun State, Nigeria with the specific objectives of describing the socio economic characteristics of the yam marketers; describe the cost and return structure of yam marketing; estimate the marketing margin and efficiency of yam and identify the problems militating against yam marketing in the study area. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select ten (10) markets. From each market, twelve (12) yam marketers were randomly selected and interviewed making a total of one hundred and twenty (120) sampled marketers for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. Results ob..... ReadMore

Sadiq MS*, Singh IP, Ahmad MM, Yunusa JB and Egba SM

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000254

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Failure to sustain most of the rural poor and food security programmes in Nigeria after their life span is due to poor productivity of the capital investment of a project to generate a remunerative income to sustain a typical agrarian farming household in Nigeria. Thus, to critically investigate this hypothetically proposition, this research aimed evaluating the viability of the IFAD rice project among the beneficiaries in Niger State of Nigeria. Undated data of 2018 rainfed cropping season was elicited from 111 farmers through multi-stage sampling technique and the information were collected via structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The empirical results showed that the rice project in the study area is likely not t..... ReadMore

Rodrigo Freitas Silva*, Marcelo Otone Aguiar, Mayra Luiza Marques da Silva and Gilson Fernandes da Silva

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000253

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The tree bucking optimization problem is to determine the optimum cutting pattern of the trees stem in order to maximize their commercial value. The cut pattern depends on the products that are marketed and the characteristics of each tree harvested. This work proposes a new heuristic designed to optimize the assortment of trees during harvesting. The performance of this method was compared to the results obtained in the literature for the meta-heuristics Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm. It was concluded that the proposed heuristic is effective because it generated the best results when compared to the other solution methods..... ReadMore

Lincoln J Fry*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000252

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This note is a continuation of an earlier series of papers which addressed hunger in Africa...These studies were all conducted at the country level and based on data collected by the Afro barometer Project’s 6th Round Survey conducted in 36 of Africa’s 54 Countries. The purpose of this note is different from the earlier papers in that its purpose is to demonstrate that Afro barometer’s existing surveys provide a means to assess the scope of hunger in African countries. What is important is this paper does address the existing literature’s lament that what is lacking to further hunger research in Africa is the lack of National Probability Samples. It is noted here that all Afro barometer country level surveys are National Probability Samples. This paper compares current Afro barometer findings regarding hunger in African countries..... ReadMore

Muhammad Hudzari Bin Haji Razali*, Muhamad Aqil Bin Rosman, Amar Shahrizat Bin Akim and Hallery Ali

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.07.000251

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Most producers use herbicides to manage weed infestation. Generally, the herbicides are used at a uniform rate to the entire field. However, a uniform application may not be appropriate for all areas of the field. This is because some of the factors are influencing the rate of herbicides. The soil properties like organic matter content are influence the rate of herbicides in lowland crop such as paddy. The site specific area that has rich in organic matter content are need the large amount of herbicide because soil with high organic matter need a higher herbicides application rates to ensure sufficient effectiveness. As precision agriculture technologies has been develop such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) which it can differentiated application of herbicides to minimizing he..... ReadMore

Adewumi IO* and Adelekan BA

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000250

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One of the problems confronting science and technology innovation and sustainability are ways of collecting, preserving, manipulating and presenting information on a desirable platform for ease of usage for the end-user. Utilization of Graphical User Interface Platform for Feed formulator in the feed mill industry has been identified as a major tool for proper scheduling, controlling, presenting and even archiving properly relative, necessary and important data in the feeds, Formula, operator among others. The materials used for the research work include; PHP programming language, Zinox corei7 Laptop, MySQL, XAMP server, JavaScript, Microsoft Office Software, Notepad++, Python Script, html5, and CSS. The incremental model which consists of linear and prototype was adopted for the development of the software. The Graphical ..... ReadMore

Riesma Andiani*, Sunarru Samsi Hariadi and Suyoto Hadi Suparmono

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000249

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Tourism village is a tourist alternative that is now chosen mainly by city people. Quiet rural atmosphere considered to be a strong attraction because it cannot be found in urban areas. One component that forms a thick rural atmosphere is the condition of natural resources which is dominated by paddy fields. In order to optimize the quality of the village as a tourist destination, there is a concept of developing an ideal tourist village, namely community based tourism (CBT). CBT is a tourism development concept that combines the presence of tourism potential which is supported by community participation in driving tourism activities in it. This study aimed to look at how tourism village development in Bantul Regency can be optimized through the indicators of CBT concept implementation. Path analysis adopted to elaborate the supporting fa..... ReadMore

Andrzej Borowy*, Magdalena Kapłan and Agnieszka Doluk

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000247

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In 2017 in Poland, cucumber was one of the most important field vegetables cultivated on 13 892 ha and with 2 490 988 tons of production [1]. Cucumber has been grown in Poland since several centuries, however only since 1985 downy mildew as its new disease appears seasonally causing a serious menace to field plantations [2]. First signs of disease infection have usually been detected in the south-eastern regions of Poland at the end of June or in July and then downy mildew spreads to nearly regions in 3-5 weeks depending on weather conditions [3]. Actually, protection against this disease is based on cucumber resistant varieties and sprayings with several fungicides [4]. One of them is Infinito 687,5 SC being a mixture of fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride [5]. The aim of this study was evaluation of Infinito 687,5 SC fungicide us..... ReadMore

Waleed Fouad Abobatta*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000246

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Drought stress affects crop productivity worldwide, it represents one of the major challenges to world food security. Drought stress effects on a different physiological process in the plant tissue, it inhibits the absorption of K+ ion, increases absorption of Na+ion, and reduced cell soluble protein contents. There are negative effects on plant growth at various morphological, physiological, and Molecular bases, it reduces photosynthesis, affects plant water relations, disturbs plant nutrient relations, and consequently decreases crop productivity. Under drought conditions plant using various strategies used includes drought escape, drought avoidance, and drought tolerance reduces, however, tolerant plants initiate various defense mechanisms at morphological, physiological and molecular basis to tolerate drought conditions..... ReadMore