OA Oyebamiji*, ZS Kisava and JN Harris

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000309

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The study analyses the efficacy of rainfed and irrigated smallholder farms in Tchien district of Liberia. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected from 5 rural communities around the major rice-producing areas of Tchien District: Gaye town, New Zleh, Old Zleh, Turglor, and Ziah. A total of 58 irrigation farmers and 58 rainfed farmers, comprising of 61 male and 57 female rice farmers were interviewed. Respondents were randomly drawned from a pool of existing Fadama data in Liberia. The study is empirical, taken under different variables to decide the appropriate agricultural system, and the variables to be employed in determining a successful production system. The study applies both the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to determine the efficient utilization of production inputs, and the logit model was used to measure the adopt..... ReadMore

Bob A Howell*, Yoseph G Daniel, Eric A Ostrander and Kendahl L

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000308

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Organophosphorus compounds derived from crop-based alcohols and phenols represent attractive alternatives to traditional flame retardants which persist as environmental contaminants and act as a source of human disease. Isosorbide, a cyclic diether diol, may be readily obtained from starch produced by many cereal grains. It serves as a biobased for the generation of several families of effective phosphorus flame retardants. Crop-based phenolics, 3,4,5-triydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also serve as important BioSource’s for the generation of phosphorus compounds with strong flame-retarding properties..... ReadMore

Getnet Muche Abebele* and Merkuz Abera Admasu

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000307

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Wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici) also known as ‘polio of agriculture’ is a ravaging disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) making it a foremost confront to wheat production in Ethiopia and other wheat producing countries of the world due to the frequently evolving of virulent pathogen races. Because of this, searching novel genes in wheat genotypes is a critical issue. Twenty eight advanced bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for their response against stem rust caused by Puccinia graminise under field conditions at Kulumsa and Asassa during 2018 main growing season. Evaluation was carried out through disease assessment including terminal stem rust severity (TRS) and coefficient of infection (ACI) under natural infection. Twenty two wheat genotypes viz; ETB..... ReadMore

Kamal Prasad*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000306

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most common symbiotic association with most of the plants. AM fungi provide a range of important ecological services; in particular by enhance nutrition, stress resistance, tolerance, soil structure, pollution control and fertility. AM fungi interact with cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruit trees; therefore, they receive increasing attention for their potential use in sustainable agriculture. Research of the past decade has revealed the existence of a dedicated recognition and signaling pathway that is required for AMF. Furthermore, recent evidence provided new insight into the exchange of nutritional benefits between the symbiotic partners. The great potential for application of AMF has given rise to a blossoming agricultural industry for agriculture, hortic..... ReadMore

Md Atiqur Rahman, AZM Shafiullah Prodhan* and Sheikh Shah Asadullah Salehin

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000305

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Tomato is widely cultivated and important nutritious vegetable in the world. It deteriorates rapidly after harvesting. High reactive oxygen species (ROS) level has negative effect on growth and development through oxidative stress by affecting physiological and molecular processes. Oxidative stress can be recovered by the scavenging system which consists of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. So, ROS balance and antioxidant are necessary for better growth and prolong shelf life. As an antioxidant ascorbic acid was applied several times which played key role for plant growth and stress management. This study evaluated the role of ascorbic acid on physical and physiological changes of tomato. A marked variation was observed on some parameters regarding leaf length, panicle length, flower cluster and fruits per plant, chlorophyl..... ReadMore

Ali Al-Hawrain, Jawad Sharaf, Iyad Al-Khaled, Rana Al-Shohuf, Wathiq Al-Taqee, Moamen Al-Shamndi and Safwan Abuo Assaf *

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000304

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This study was carried out at the Era Research Station for Improvement of the Mountain goats - the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria. During the seasons (2019-2020), in order to determine the effects of use probiotic growth factor on the most important productive indicators. 40 female milky goats were used in this study divided into two groups; the first one contained 20 animals as control while the second where treated by using 0.1% probiotic from the total feed diet. The results showed a highly significant effect for the use of probiotic in the diet at the level of 0.001 comparing with control for the following indicators: Milk consumed/kg, head production/kg , Milk value/SP, feed cost/ SP, profit margin/SP, where the mean was about 103.48±18.0 2, 0.81±0.02, 181.31±20.32, 141.90±1.03, 39.4±21.03, respe..... ReadMore

Ahmad Omar Etaki*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000303

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of selenium, methionine and different percentages of oil on the hatchability of local quail. A total of 126 nine-months-old quail breeders from local quail were assigned to 7 treatments with 3 replicates of 6 birds each (1 male: 5 females). No selenium was added to the control diet, while 0.3mg/kg sodium selenite was added to groups of (2-3-4-5), and increased the proportion of (methionine-vitamin E-fat) in the rate of (30-55-40)% in groups (3-4-5) respectively. Yeast containing organic selenium was added to the 6th and 7th group, and the fat was increased 40% in the seventh group’s diet. The results showed that organic selenium has a role in improving hatchability significantly (p≤0.05). Raising the p..... ReadMore

Nuru Seid Tehulie* and Tarikua Shumi Tola

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000302

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a dominant cereal crop of north-western zone of India and it is second most common crop of the country. It is also one of the major staple crops in many the country in terms of both production and consumption. Soil fertility maintenance requires a balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources. Sustainable agricultural productivity might be achieved through a wise use of integrated nutrient management. Integrated use of chemical and organic fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat is very crucial for assurance of food security. Integrated nutrient supply/management (INS) aims at maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible sources of plant..... ReadMore

Halit Karagoz, Ramazan Cakmakci and Fazilet Parlakova Karagoz*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000301

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This study was carried out in order to determine the existence, the some morphological parameters and essential oil rate of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-mazz.) Ietswaart (endemically grown in Turkey) populations in Erzincan province (Turkey). For this purpose, field trips were organized to all districts within the borders of Erzincan province between July 15 and August 15 and eleven genotypes having different morphology were determined in four districts with the presence of Origanum acutidens. The measurements were taken included the fresh herba yield, dry herba yield, dry leaf yield, leaf stem ratio, side branch number, canopy diameter, plant height, chlorophyll content and essential oil rates in these genotypes. There were found significant differences (p˂0.01) in all parameters except e..... ReadMore

Nadeesha Dias* and Thilani Munaweera and Sidath Bandara

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000300

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The farmers’ adoption of Protected Agriculture (PA) in dry zone vegetable cultivation is considerably low in Sri Lanka. However, a few farmers have been practiced PA technologies to minimize negative impacts of climate change on vegetable production in dry part of Sri Lanka. Rain shelters were identified as the main type of PA technology used by dry zone vegetable farmers followed by poly tunnels. Understanding the factors that influencing farmers’ adoption to PA could be more useful to popularize the technology in suitable areas while formulating policies to overcome some barriers for adoption. This study analyzed the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of PA for vegetable cultivation in dry zone of Sri Lanka. A total of 120 vegetable farmers from 12 Agrarian service centers (ASC) in Anuradhapura and 2 ASC in Matale districts wer..... ReadMore

Chikov Vladimir Ivanovich*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000299

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A contradiction has been established between human breeding activity and the evolutionary development of terrestrial plants, which lead to ecological disaster in the ocean. Experimental data are presented, and the conclusion is drawn that the elimination of these contradictions can not only maintain high productivity, restore soil fertility, but also get rid of a brewing ecological catastrophe in the oceans...... ReadMore

Ejigu Mulatu*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000298

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Enset based farming is an indigenous agricultural system and more than 20% of Ethiopia’s population depends on enset for food, feed, and fiber. Due to different factors, enset production is seemingly limited to consumption purpose and most of producers sold small amounts of products like Kocho, bulla and fiber.This study was conducted with major objective of: assessing determinants of market participation of enset producers in Chena district in Kaffa zone of south western Ethiopia. Two-stage sampling technique was employed to select four Kebeles and 101 representative enset producers. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to gather necessary data for analysis. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze the data. A Heckman two stage model was employed to assess the determinants o..... ReadMore

Salimova Noila Yunusovna*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000297

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Currently, the use of medicinal drugs and their application in medical and veterinary practice is widely introduced. Because the fact that a number of artificial drugs, which have been used for the next 10-15 years, show their negative effects on the body, is emphasized by specialists. Medicinal herbs retain many biologically active substances, as well as macro and microelements, which are natural in their composition. More than 30% of these plants can be used as medicinal substances. [3; 6 p.]..... ReadMore

Billy Joel M Almarinez*, Mary Jane A Fadri, Richard Lasina, Thaddeus M Carvajal, Kozo Watanabe, Mary Angelique A Tavera, Jesusa C Legaspi and Divina M Amalin

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000296

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Background:Comperiellacalauanica Barrion, Almarinez & Amalin (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a host-specific endoparasitoid and effective biological control agent of Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), whose outbreak in 2010 to 2015 severely threatened the coconut industry in the Philippines. Using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm, we developed a Species Distribution Model (SDM) for calauanica based on 19 bioclimatic variables, using occurrence data obtained mostly from field surveys conducted in A. rigidus-infested areas in Luzon Island from 2014 to 2016. Results: The calculated AUC values for the model were very high (0.966, standard deviation=0.005), indicating the model’s high predictive power. Precipitation seasonality was found to have the highest relative contribution to model development. Response curves pro..... ReadMore

Bo Zhang*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000295

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Low-temperature plasma seed activation, as a new internationally developed agricultural technology, can stimulate seed vitality, improve seed quality, effectively enhance crop resistance to stress and growth, and increase crop yield. The innovative development of low-temperature plasma seed treatment technology is briefly introduced, the technical application of plasma technology in crop seeds, the biological effects of plasma and the activation mechanism are introduced, and the development and application prospects of plasma seed treatment technology are prospected. The low-temperature plasma crop seed treatment technology opens a new way for the application of plasma in crops..... ReadMore

Ganesh Bora*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000294

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Among the 17Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the goal 2 is “Zero Hunger”. An estimated 821 million of 7.53 billion on the earth were undernourished in 2017. The majority of the world’s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 per cent of the population is undernourished. It is a fact that people across the globe, rural and urban, poor and rich, should have access to adequate amount of food and nutrition to maintain an active and healthy life. Earlier green revolution was focused on high yielding variety and genetic engineering of crops. But future steps towards achieving global food security will be depended on adaptation of technology by farmers. The policy makers along with scientists, academicians, youth and progressive farmers have substantial influence on count..... ReadMore

Anwadike BC

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000293

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There are rapid changes in worldwide species distribution and abundance especially in the tropics and subtropics where they occur in abundance relative to other regions of the world .Countries worldwide including Nigeria show strong inclination towards effective biodiversity monitoring to maintain and sustainably utilize their biological resources Nigeria is blessed with a plethora of biodiversity and biological resources including plants, animals and ecosystems to the extent that some of them are threatened to extinction and degradation resulting from the imbalance between economic development and biodiversity conservation. Some major threats to biodiversity conservation in Nigeria include poverty, economic development, incomplete or non implementation and non ratification by government of international treaties and conventions on ..... ReadMore

AR Yavari*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000292

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Following expulsion of Adam & Eve (attaining knowledge of good and bad or the cause and effect of reproduction) from the “Garden of Eden” their sons Abel & Cain, were pastoralist and farmer respectively. Abel (pastoralist- nomad as a shepherd) offering to god was accepted but that of cain (grew crops and tilled the land as a farmer) was not. This is despite being a divine knowledge sent from heaven. Products in excess of need are source of income and revenue creating power for subordination and through leisure time to learn and plan is possible for manipulation of future...... ReadMore

Wissal M’sehli*, Kallala Nadia and Haythem Mhadhbi

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000291

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Nowadays, the agriculture’s target is the reach of an amount of crop production that can cover the need to feed growing world population with the crucial challenge of respecting the environment. Several environmental constraints are limiting world agricultural production, mainly the preponderance of calcareous soils suffering from ferric and phosphoric deficiencies. In calcareous soils, legumes were considered as an alternative solution to retrieve a fertile soil without the abusive use of chemical fertilizers. The ability to establish a symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria is the way used by legumes to restore soil organic matter and to improve soil fertility. Legumes remain a source of healthy food while respecting the environment. This mini review describes the importance of legumes for Fe and P deficient soils m..... ReadMore

Jacques Ganoulis*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000290

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The UN Rio declaration [1] has initiated in 1992 many international initiatives, research activities, academic programs, and policy frameworks, aiming to define and implement the concept of “sustainable development”. This term was first introduced in the report to the UN, established in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development, chaired by Mrs. Brundland, Norway’s Prime Minister, commonly known as the Brundland Report [2]. Although the term “sustainable development” is until now not completely clear, it was understood as the development that combines socio-economic growth with environmental protection and social equity..... ReadMore