Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research

NG Aloyan*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000240

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The article considers the ameliorative condition of the Ararat valley. It presents the main sources that feed the local ground waters, as well as the annual regime variations of these groundwater levels on the areas of the adjacent irrigated and saline lands, and fish farm ponds. The author indicates the role of the horizontal drains in formation of these regimes, and the factual data prove their regular cleaning necessity. Suggestions are given for partial and fundamental improvement of the valley ameliorative condition......

Avit A Chami*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000238

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Spice farming is one of the traditional practices which have been widely practiced in Zanzibar for centuries now. The extensively practiced spice production and trading in Zanzibar has made it be also known as ‘‘Spice Islands’’. The agricultural sector has a significant potential to the economy and livelihoods of people in many African countries [1]. The sector contributes 27% to Zanzibar’s GDP and accounts for over 50% of foreign exchange earnings and employs 60% of the labour force in Zanzibar (ARIF, 2011). Spice farming is one of the most important crops in the agricultural sector in Zanzibar. Besides the agricultural sector, the spice sub-sector contributes to the development of the tourism sector which is the leading .....

Tamaz Patarkalashvili*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000236

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Forests biologically are the most diverse land ecosystems of our planet. Tropical forests for example cover just 7% of the earth, but they support over half of all terrestrial plant and animal species. Forests still cover about 30 percent of total land area, yet, deforestation and forest degradation, including uncontrolled conversion of forest lands to agricultural use, continues at an alarming high rate in many countries of the world. Unlike some other resources, as: oil, coal, minerals etc. which considered exhaustible, forests fortunately have unique feature, in conditions of sustainable management they practically can be inexhaustible. That’s why sustainable development should become the crucial direction of forest management in future. These and other problems and benefits th.....

Sadiq MS*, Singh IP, Ahmad MM, Lawal M and Kabeer YM

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000233

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Empirical analysis of poverty determinants is crucial in evolving strategies in ensuring no poverty and zero hunger among the smallholder cassava farmers who championed cassava food security in Nigeria. Thus, the present research determined the poverty status and the causative factors that affect livelihood status of cassava farmers in Kwara State of Nigeria using field survey information of 2018 production season (wet season) elicited via structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule from 123 active cassava producers sampled through multi-stage sampling design. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed a young farming population with the interest and zeal to invest in cassava production if given adequate s.....

Mohamed Ibrahim Elzagheid*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000232

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This min review briefly describes chemical fertilizers and pesticides and their implications. It discusses the advantages of replacing pesticides with biopesticides and how deploying them can have great potential in bringing sustainability to global food production and feed security. The review also discusses how better protection of agricultural crops can be achieved by introducing modern techniques and developing novel strategies of plant protection......

Simperegui Yvette B, MIASSI Yann ES* and DOSSA Fabrice K

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000230

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In Africa, women perform the majority of agricultural activities. They are the key to the well- being of their families [1]. In Benin, like other West African countries, women are in high demand in the agricultural sector. Agriculture is the main activity of the population, especially in rural areas, with women accounting for 42.2% of the 65.5% of active population [2]. Among the activities carried out by these women we can mention the agricultural exploitation, food transformation, trade in agricultural products [2]. These activities allow them to spend the expenses assigned to them in the household and thus play their roles as foster mothers. Among the expenses we have the expenses of feeding, education of the children, clothing, .....

MI Mammadov and MG Mustafayev*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000228

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The problems of the nutrient balance study under vineyards in the light-chestnut soils of Ganja-Gazakh of Azerbaijan are examined. 3,84kg/h of N/NH 3 ; 0,99kg/h of N/nO 3 P 2 O 5 of 1,16kg/h penetrate into the soil with the atmosphere precipitations, but 1,73; 1,55; 1,05; 21,69kg/h with the irrigative waters. A total annual nitrogen-6,87-7,29%, phosphorus-0,59-0,79%, potassium-3,92-7,29% were leached from the scattered fertilizer into lizimeters. While a weight of the dry mass and a total quantity of the nutrient increase, an outlet with the annual trimming materials and crops has raised. It is established that a balance of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium under all the versions of the experiment is positive. The bala.....

Ayoub Mohammed Mahmoud*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000227

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The widely revealed roles and contributions of voluntary patriotic practices on poverty reduction in Zanzibar [1], calls for a rationale for enhancing the practical usefulness of voluntary patriotic practices on poverty reduction initiatives in Zanzibar. This is mainly envisaged the need of integrating the practically tested voluntary patriotic practices in the poverty reduction policy frameworks. The tested result-based voluntary patriotic practices in various areas of Zanzibar seem to be useful in the course of enhancing prevailing poverty reduction initiatives under various Zanzibar Poverty Reduction policy frameworks and other socio- economic development related strategies. While the voluntary patriotic practices .....

Muhammad Zuhaib Safdar

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2019.06.000226

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Studies was carried out to investigate population dynamics and the effect of abiotic factors on population dynamics of sucking insect pests of BT cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and jassid (Amrasca biguttula), under unprotected condition. The results of the field study revealed that the sucking pest (whiteflies and jassids) population were maximum at highest temperature. (11.68) of whiteflies per leaf was recorded at highest temperature (45 oC) and lowest humidity (30%). Similarly, the maximum population (3.53) of jassids per leaf was recorded at maximum temperature (45 oC) and lowest humidity (30%) on July 10th, 2017. The rainfall had slight impact on the population of whiteflies and Jassids. Simple correlation analysis revealed that maximum temperature showed significant positive effect and the minimum temperature showed negative effec.....

Mohammad Shafiq*, Abdul Ghaffar Sagoo, Mohammad Arif, Mohammad Yousaf, Mohammad Zafar, Naeem Akhtar, Khalid Nazir and Abdul Hannan

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000225

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The problem of ground water quality has become more imperative than the quantity, as the ecological glitches are getting more severe in various zones of the globe. Numerous factors such as pollution due to agricultural, industrial and human activities, poor groundwater governance and other ecological surroundings in which the water ensues to stay or move and intermingle with ground and living organisms. These impacts prominently on the ground water quality of specific zone. Therefore, a field study was planned in Land Reclamation Sub-Division Thal in 2016 to assess the quality of ground water being pumped. Thal Sub-Division includes Layya, Kundian, Ahmad Pur Sial and Bhakkar districts. Overall 370 water samples each in pre and post Mon soon season 2016 were collected. The water samples were analyzed for their quality character.....

Ayoub Mohammed Mahmoud*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000224

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The less known role of voluntary patriotic practices on poverty reduction in Zanzibar was a rationale for undertaking this study. This study aimed at assessing the actual contribution of voluntary patriotic practices on poverty reduction initiatives in Zanzibar, where West B District Council in Urban West Region, Zanzibar was used as a case-study. The research questions which guided the study included; firstly, what are the available voluntary patriotic practices in the West B District Council? secondly what are the impacts of voluntary patriotic practices on poverty reduction initiatives in West B District Council? and thirdly what are the factors affecting voluntary patriotic practices in West B District Council? The study applied case study method of cross-sectional research design. Various data collection methods i.....

Mubashar Hussain*, Nauman Liaqat, Muhammad Bilal and Hamza Armghan Noushahi

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000223

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Flash flooding is one of the major problems in rice growing areas of South and Southeast Asia and it severely limits rice yield in these areas. This experiment was performed to check cultivated varieties with resistance against submergence and check best varieties which give better grain quality after affected by submergence. Chenab Basmati one of the cultivated varieties proved best performer in this experiment and is recommended for cultivation in areas affected by flood in Pakistan......

Usman Khalique*, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Muhammad Faizan Ahmed and Umar Niaz

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000222

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Research work revealed that stored grain pests pose serious threats to stored food commodities and cause economic losses. Khapra beetle ( Trogoderma granarium ) considered one of the most destructive pests that has great economic importance because of starvation capability for three years and has best survival rate at low humidity. T. granarium cause heavy losses in stored commodities and decrease the quality and quantity of grains. Development of resistance in T. granarium against insecticides like malathion, phosphine and pyrethroids has further increased its economic importance. There is no review available in the literature for the stored products policy makers and managers to control this pest. Following study reveals the economic losses cause by Khapra .....

Virender Singh Lather*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000221

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Hydrogels or super absorbents polymers (SAP) are used in agriculture for over 40 years and cross-linked polymers which absorb water 400 to 1500 times to dry weight. Hydrogels categorized into 3 classes: 1. Naturally occurring polymers 2. Semi-synthetic polymers derived from cellulose by chemically combined with petrochemicals. 3. Synthetic polymers made from petrochemicals and polyacrylamides (PAM). The ICAR also accomplished a synthetic polymer ‘Pusa hydrogel’ to reduce the irrigation requirements of the crops. The absorptive capability of hydrogel is affected by its physical-chemical composition and environmental factors. Recent novel research findings that “Gypsum precipitates the gel of synthetic hydrogels into the fluid and make them unsuitable for agricultural uses.....

Mubashar Hussain*, Umar Niaz, Muhammad Bilal and Nauman Liaqat

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000220

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Screening of twenty rice varieties with sub1 gene was performed to check their resistance under submergence conditions. This experiment involved growing of rice germ plasms sown in small pots filled with Irish Peat Moss. These pots were placed in incubator for germination. After ten days these pots were submerged in water tank to check their submergence resistance. Three varieties showed good tolerance against submergence as they grew less in length and seventeen varieties gave poor result as they grew more in length......

Hanadi E AbdElrazig, Mohammed I Musa and Salih Elagab Elsheikh*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000219

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This study considered a value chain analysis of tomato production and its related activities, conducted in Khartoum state, to perform financial analysis for the whole chain to assess the value added and profit margin distribution among the different actors. The primary data for the study was collected through structured questionnaires for 365 respondents which included farmers (100), Intermediate (25), wholesalers (60), retailers (90) and consumer (90). The secondary data were collected from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forests and Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Wealth, Khartoum State. The main objective was to look at the costs, returns and profit distributed along the chain by each actor. The analytical tools employed included financial value chain analysis, share rate analysis and desc.....

Salih Elagab Elsheikh, Hanadi El Fadil Abdarazig*, Hamid H Faki

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000218

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This study was carried out with the objective to assessment the impacts of adoption of improved varieties of groundnut and sesame on the farm income of households in three localities of Sheikan, Umrawaba and Elrahad in the North Kordofan State. Data for this study was primarily from farm household surveys conducted in seven seasons (2006/2007 to 2014/2015) in three localities of Shemika, ElRahad and UmRawaba in North Kordofan State. A random sample of 794 households was randomly drawn from different villages in the study area. Multi-stage random approach was adopted. Treatment effect regression was used to assess the impact of adoption of improved varieties in the study area. Analysis was completed using STATA12 and SPSS22 software packages to draw results and test hypotheses. Results show that Adoption degrees of the improved.....

Sebastain Ofumba Uremadu* and Onuegbu Onyekachi

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000217

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This study examined the impact of capital structure on corporate performance in Nigeria with special focus on consumer goods firm sector of the economy. Multiple regression of ordinary least square (OLS) analytical technique was used to analyse the data. The results from the study showed a negative and insignificant impact of capital structure on corporate performance of the consumer goods firm sector of Nigeria. That long-term debt ratio to total asset had a negative and insignificant impact on returns on assets, while total debt ratio to equity also had a negative and insignificant impact on returns on assets. The study, therefore, concluded that capital structure is not a major determinant of firm performance. Hence, the study recommends that managers should be careful while using debt as a source of finance since a negativ.....

Sebastian O Uremadu*, Francis Okafor O and Charity E Duru Uremadu

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000216

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There exist some inherent risk elements like physical risk, environmental risk, logistic risk, financial risk, legal risk, political risk, etc. in the construction work environment in Nigeria. Before now those costing these projects use only contingency sum approach and insurance cover without properly taking into consideration all these other critical factors of risk. The result is that most contract projects that border on, construction works were either over-valued or under-valued with their consequent rising cost implications, before execution contract agreement is signed. The present paper used secondary data compiled by a Consultant Quantity Surveyor to carry out some evaluation tests and analysis through the use of an established model that combined material cost (M), labour cost (L) and Plant cost (P) to arrive at a to.....

Sebastian O Uremadu*, Florence O Ariwa and Charity E Duru Uremadu

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000215

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The study examined effect of government agricultural expenditure on agricultural output in Nigeria using time series data from 1981 to 2014. Having analyzed data using unit root test, co-integration test and vector error correction model, results of unit root test showed that all the variables were integrated at the first order difference. On the other hand, the Johansen co-integration tests revealed that a long-run relationship existed between agricultural output and government agricultural expenditure. Going through the vector error correction model results indicated that agricultural output adjusted rapidly to changes in total government agricultural expenditure, real exchange rate, banking system credit to agriculture, average annual rainfall and population growth rate. With respect to indiv.....