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Kamal Prasad*, Agam Khare and Prateek Rawat

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000323

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Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn, family Zingiberaceae) is an herbaceous perennial plant, native to Tropical Southeast Asia particularly India. Turmeric is the historic and sacred spice of India referred to as ‘Indian saffron is an essential cash spice crop grown in India. It is utilized in diversified forms as a condiment, flavouring, and colouring agent and as a principal ingredient in Indian culinary as curry powder. It has anti-cancer and anti-viral activities and subsequently reveals used in the drug and cosmetic industry. The turmeric plant incorporates a yellowish colouring known as curcumin, an acrid volatile oil, starch, chlorides of calcium, woody fibre, and gum. The acrid oil is known as turmerol and has an aromatic odour. Alkaloids of oxalic acid also are present in yield crystals of potassium oxalate. Kumkum, famous with each h..... ReadMore

Murat Aslana M*, Aziz Kasapb

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000322

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Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered as one of the most deleterious fruit pests which may cause high pomegranate, Punica granatum L. yield losses in Turkey. Monitoring population density of herbivore insects is a significant element of integrated pest management strategies. Therefore, C. capitata population fluctuation was monitored via a SEDQ yellow trap + pheromone in a pomegranate orchard consisted of three cultivars, Acco, Hicaz, and Wonderful, in Seyhan, Adana in 2015. In addition, yield losses were calculated for all cultivars. There was a significant role of pomegranate cultivar on C. capitata catches by traps. Wonderful has the highest number of C. capitata following by Hicaz while traps in Acco caught the least number of fly adults. Peel thickness was 3.15, 3.05, and 2...... ReadMore

Kanogporn Khammona, Khin Kyawt Yin, Arweewut Yongsuwan, Naraporn Chaomueang, Jintana Unartgam and Vinit chan Ruanjaichon*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000321

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Sweetness is an economically important eating quality trait for sweet corn breeding. The various types of sweet corn are caused by single gene mutation [1]. The brittle2 and shrunken2 mutants accumulated 20% of starch found in the corn kernels [2, 3]. Due to mutation in ADP-glucose pyro phosphorylase reveals as a key regulatory enzyme to limit the rate of starch biosynthesis pathway [4-7]. The brittle2 (bt2) mutant is classified as class 1 super sweet corn [3,8,9], having 15-30% sugar of total carbohydrate content in the kernel, while normal corn contains about 3% sugar in the kernel [9,10]. Newly, the functional marker based on shrunken2 gene (sh2) was identified and developed [11]. This SNP marker designed within the coding region in exon 1 at position 154 of the coding sequence was clearly separated the sh2-based sweet corn from waxy c..... ReadMore

Dereje Dobocha Goda*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000320

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Managing N inputs in wheat production systems is a main issue to achieve maximum profitable production, and decreasing environmental impact. To this effect, the experiment was conducted on farmer’s field during the 2017 main cropping season at Lemu-Bilbilo district of Arsi zone, southeastern Ethiopia to determine the response of different rates of N fertilizer and its influence on yield and yield components of bread wheat varieties. Factorial combinations of two bread wheat varieties (Lemu and Wane) and five N- rates (0, 46, 92,138 and 184 kg N ha-1) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The variety Lemu had higher values for effective tillers per plant, spike length, plant height, and number of grains spike-1, grain and straw yields. On the other hand, Wane variety exhibited greater values for thousan..... ReadMore

Michael Langemeier*and Michael O’Donnell

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000319

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This study compares the long-run net returns to land of a conventional corn/soybean rotation to that of an organic forage-based crop rotation that includes corn, soybeans, oats, and alfalfa. The average annual net returns to land for the organic crop rotation were found to be approximately $100 per acre higher than that of the conventional corn/soybean rotation. Average net return to land estimates are sensitive to crop price, crop yield, and cost assumptions. Holding crop yields and production costs constant, organic crop prices would need to be reduced 27 percent for the average net return to land to equal that of the average net return to land for the conventional corn/soybean crop rotation. A downside risk model was used to examine the tradeoff between expected net returns to land and risk. Converting even a small p..... ReadMore

Biswa Sankar Das*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000318

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A total of 111no.of Germplasm of Millets with code no’s have been assembled through formal process of Collaborative programme experimented from 2017 -2020 Cropping season. The Germplasm has been evaluated for various Agronomic traits (biotic, abiotic, grain quality, etc.). The organisation, Watershed Support service & Activities Network (Wassan) with Odisha Millet Mission Project holds 111no.of Millet Germplasm collection with 108 no. of indigenous and 3 no. of rare types having information on important trait specific characters from the communities, community managed seed bank. The Present Paper highlights the assessment of Millet diversity assembled and conserved under Odisha Millet Mission Project & thrust areas identified for future conservation and utilization...... ReadMore

Alemu Ayele Zerihun* and Getnet Muche Abebele

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000317

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Wheat yellow rust caused by Puccinic Striiformis f. sp tritici is the most widespread and destructive disease of wheat, especially in the highlands of Ethiopia. Application of foliar fungicides are important mechanisms to control wheat yellow rust disease. The activity was conducted at two experimental sites Meraro and Bekoji in 2018 main cropping season, in order to determine net returns of wheat yields from the application of fungicides. The aim of the study was to know net reruns obtained from the application of propiconazole and Thiophanate-methyl 310g/l +Epoxiconazole 187g/l fungicides with twice application frequency in four bread wheat cultivars with different resistance level, being susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant including Kubsa, Danda’a, Lemu a..... ReadMore

Alemu Ayele*, Getnet Muche, Tamirat Negash, Lidiya Tilahun, Hawila Tesfaye, Daniel Kassa, Fikrte Yirga and Shumi Regassa

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000316

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Adult Plant Resistance (APR) based on partial resistance is an important and effective way to combat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) in wheat production. The objective of current research was planned to evaluate the response of 436 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes against yellow rust resistance under field conditions during 2020 main cropping season. Over locations, Partial resistance screening was evaluated through Final Rust Severity (FRS), Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), Infection Rate (r), Coefficient of Infection (CI), Relative Area under Disease Progress Curve (rAUDPC) and field reaction have used for differentiating Adult plant resistances. Responses of four hundred thirty six genotypes, one hundred fourteen wheat lines were high adult plant resistance, two hundr..... ReadMore

Mohd Hudzairi Bin Haji Razali* and Muhammad ‘Atif Rizqy Bin Janudin

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000314

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Water and land have been scarce nowadays and the needs for much efficient use of this resources is much important than before especially with the growing population and climate change. The condition is worsened with the global issue which is Covid-19 that has decapitated many of economic activities. Due to this, government has been enforcing strict regulations. The planting of crops especially short-term crop at home is much more relevant than before as there are nothing much that can be done. Combine that with the unutilized source of rainwater, thus come the concept home farming. Brassica Juncea are chosen due to the short life cycle thus would make it easier to cultivate. It is irrigated with water from rain via homemade reservoir thus ensuring no cost at the water side. The needs for much more efficient irrigation method such as utili..... ReadMore

Z Ntshidi*, Sdzikiti, NT Mobe

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000313

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South Africa’s average annual rainfall (~495 mm) is lower than the global average (~840 mm) and more than 60% of the country’s water resources are used for agriculture. The agricultural sector is very sensitive to climatic variability and change and to extreme events such as droughts whose frequency and severity is increasing. Therefore, it is essential to invest in building the resilience of farmers e.g. through increasing the area under irrigation to mitigate against the effects of climate variability and change as outlined in the National Development Plan (2030) and in the Irrigation Strategy for South Africa (DAFF, 2015)...... ReadMore

Deressa Tesfaye Gutu*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000312

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The experiment was carried out in Hexosa, Munessa, Digalu Tijo and Cholle districts of Arsi Zone with the objectives of enhancing production and productivity of faba bean on farmers’ fields and to improve linkage among stakeholders and create awareness on improved faba bean varieties and indirectly decreasing the cereal mono-crops systems of the areas. Four kebeles farmers training center were selected purposively based on faba bean production potential. Consequently, Oda jila kebele from Hexosa, Chaffa from Munessa district, Haro bilalo from Digalu tijo and Amuma salam bar from cholle district were selected. All management practices were done at the levels of local farmer’s levels for eight improved and one locally available faba bean varieties were shown and evaluated. The experiment was established on 25 m2 De..... ReadMore

Ujjal Raj Acharya* and Krishna Prasad Pant

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000311

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Climate resilient practices in farming is an integrated process that reduces risks in production and marketing. This study introduced an integrated package of climate resilient practices in vegetable farming to cope with climate change and related problems. The study that was carried out in Udayapur district of Nepal and it analyzed application of climate resilient practices in value chain of vegetable farming. The data were obtained from Himalica pilot project initiated by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) which surveyed 300 vegetable farm households using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, a checklist was used for Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with farmers’ groups. The collected data were coded and entered into Microsoft Excel and descriptive..... ReadMore

Kamal Prasad

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000310

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An investigation was carried out for twenty-two plant species, cultivated widely as vegetable crops in arid region of Rajasthan, state of India belonged to eight different families to measure their affinity in harbouring symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) and nutrient status in rhizospheric soil. Twenty out of the twenty two species were having developed AM fungal colonization in their root tissues with a range of 16.33% to 91.33%. All the soil samples tested were slightly acidic to alkaline and housed AM fungal spore with a density ranges from 80.33-199 spores/ 50g air dried soil. The AM fungal spore density in the soil was not found to have any effect on symbiotic colonization in root tissues of studied vegetable crop plants by Mycorrhizae. The soil chemical analysis was also noticed to have no ..... ReadMore

OA Oyebamiji*, ZS Kisava and JN Harris

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000309

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The study analyses the efficacy of rainfed and irrigated smallholder farms in Tchien district of Liberia. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected from 5 rural communities around the major rice-producing areas of Tchien District: Gaye town, New Zleh, Old Zleh, Turglor, and Ziah. A total of 58 irrigation farmers and 58 rainfed farmers, comprising of 61 male and 57 female rice farmers were interviewed. Respondents were randomly drawned from a pool of existing Fadama data in Liberia. The study is empirical, taken under different variables to decide the appropriate agricultural system, and the variables to be employed in determining a successful production system. The study applies both the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to determine the efficient utilization of production inputs, and the logit model was used to measure the adopt..... ReadMore

Bob A Howell*, Yoseph G Daniel, Eric A Ostrander and Kendahl L

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2021.09.000308

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Organophosphorus compounds derived from crop-based alcohols and phenols represent attractive alternatives to traditional flame retardants which persist as environmental contaminants and act as a source of human disease. Isosorbide, a cyclic diether diol, may be readily obtained from starch produced by many cereal grains. It serves as a biobased for the generation of several families of effective phosphorus flame retardants. Crop-based phenolics, 3,4,5-triydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also serve as important BioSource’s for the generation of phosphorus compounds with strong flame-retarding properties..... ReadMore

Getnet Muche Abebele* and Merkuz Abera Admasu

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000307

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Wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici) also known as ‘polio of agriculture’ is a ravaging disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) making it a foremost confront to wheat production in Ethiopia and other wheat producing countries of the world due to the frequently evolving of virulent pathogen races. Because of this, searching novel genes in wheat genotypes is a critical issue. Twenty eight advanced bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for their response against stem rust caused by Puccinia graminise under field conditions at Kulumsa and Asassa during 2018 main growing season. Evaluation was carried out through disease assessment including terminal stem rust severity (TRS) and coefficient of infection (ACI) under natural infection. Twenty two wheat genotypes viz; ETB..... ReadMore

Kamal Prasad*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000306

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most common symbiotic association with most of the plants. AM fungi provide a range of important ecological services; in particular by enhance nutrition, stress resistance, tolerance, soil structure, pollution control and fertility. AM fungi interact with cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruit trees; therefore, they receive increasing attention for their potential use in sustainable agriculture. Research of the past decade has revealed the existence of a dedicated recognition and signaling pathway that is required for AMF. Furthermore, recent evidence provided new insight into the exchange of nutritional benefits between the symbiotic partners. The great potential for application of AMF has given rise to a blossoming agricultural industry for agriculture, hortic..... ReadMore

Md Atiqur Rahman, AZM Shafiullah Prodhan* and Sheikh Shah Asadullah Salehin

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000305

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Tomato is widely cultivated and important nutritious vegetable in the world. It deteriorates rapidly after harvesting. High reactive oxygen species (ROS) level has negative effect on growth and development through oxidative stress by affecting physiological and molecular processes. Oxidative stress can be recovered by the scavenging system which consists of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. So, ROS balance and antioxidant are necessary for better growth and prolong shelf life. As an antioxidant ascorbic acid was applied several times which played key role for plant growth and stress management. This study evaluated the role of ascorbic acid on physical and physiological changes of tomato. A marked variation was observed on some parameters regarding leaf length, panicle length, flower cluster and fruits per plant, chlorophyl..... ReadMore

Ali Al-Hawrain, Jawad Sharaf, Iyad Al-Khaled, Rana Al-Shohuf, Wathiq Al-Taqee, Moamen Al-Shamndi and Safwan Abuo Assaf *

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000304

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This study was carried out at the Era Research Station for Improvement of the Mountain goats - the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria. During the seasons (2019-2020), in order to determine the effects of use probiotic growth factor on the most important productive indicators. 40 female milky goats were used in this study divided into two groups; the first one contained 20 animals as control while the second where treated by using 0.1% probiotic from the total feed diet. The results showed a highly significant effect for the use of probiotic in the diet at the level of 0.001 comparing with control for the following indicators: Milk consumed/kg, head production/kg , Milk value/SP, feed cost/ SP, profit margin/SP, where the mean was about 103.48±18.0 2, 0.81±0.02, 181.31±20.32, 141.90±1.03, 39.4±21.03, respe..... ReadMore

Ahmad Omar Etaki*

DOI : 10.32474/CIACR.2020.09.000303

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of selenium, methionine and different percentages of oil on the hatchability of local quail. A total of 126 nine-months-old quail breeders from local quail were assigned to 7 treatments with 3 replicates of 6 birds each (1 male: 5 females). No selenium was added to the control diet, while 0.3mg/kg sodium selenite was added to groups of (2-3-4-5), and increased the proportion of (methionine-vitamin E-fat) in the rate of (30-55-40)% in groups (3-4-5) respectively. Yeast containing organic selenium was added to the 6th and 7th group, and the fat was increased 40% in the seventh group’s diet. The results showed that organic selenium has a role in improving hatchability significantly (p≤0.05). Raising the p..... ReadMore