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Bandara S, Rathnathilake RMGS B, Bandara DDDS, Muniweera ALK R

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000161

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The critical period for the growth and the neurodevelopment of a premature infant is the first few weeks of life. The nutritional requirement goes to its highest point during this period and the nutrition should be optimized to baby’s needs. We tried to find out whether the exclusive breast feeding is adequate to nourish a neonate during first few weeks of its life by assessing their heights by the age of 2-5 years. We tested fifty children aged 2-5 years who were born prematurely within POA of 26-34 weeks and were exclusively been fed with breast milk during their neonatal period. Data were collected from the clinic records and were analyzed by Descriptive analysis and contingency tables. 74% of the sample achieved the predicted mid parental height by that age, according to the cluster analysis. So, we can conclude that the exclusive b..... ReadMore

Ehsan Nasser*, Haia Nasser, Doua B, Michael H , Boshra N, Hino B, and Wael Nasser

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000160

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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and potentially serious bacterial infection of childhood. UTI is the most common cause of hospitalization in children with high fever especially in infancy, which is more common to be the source for bacteremia in this age (10.6). In infancy, the disease is more common in boys and the incidence in girls increases with age, it has been found that uncircumcised children have a higher incidence of urinary tract infections (12.10.15). 30% of children who have had the first infection of pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidney tissue) will develop a recurrent urinary tract infection when the infection occurs in the first year of life (10.9). The most common bacteria to cause these infections are Escherichia Coli (E-coli) (1.3), later Gram-negative bacteria (-) such as Klebsiella pneumon..... ReadMore

María Hoyos Herrera*, Juan Tafur Delgado, Rafael Chicha Polo, Fabiola Menco Contreras, Michael Muñoz Ortíz

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000159

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a malformation resulting from incomplete fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane, it occurs in around 1/5000 live newborns, it produces in the vast majority of cases severe symptoms of respiratory failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension in this age group. Treatment is based on maintaining the best respiratory conditions in the child through intensive neonatal therapy management and, once this objective is achieved, surgical correction of the anatomical defect should proceed. Unfortunately, despite the progress in respiratory management of the seriously ill newborn, mortality from this disease is reported above 75%. We present a case in which the left diaphragmatic hernia associated with pulmonary hypertension led to a fatal outcome in a newborn, des..... ReadMore

Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur*, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, Mega Kahdina, Hernalia Martadila Putri

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000158

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Introduction: Gonorrhea is one of the four most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Globally, the highest incidence of gonorrhea cases is in the African and Western Pacific regions (including China, Indonesia and Australia). Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These bacteria are gram-negative bacteria in the form of diplococci located intracellularly from PMN cells. Infection from Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be transmitted by sexual intercourse or vertical transmission at the time of delivery. In children, infection can occur as a result of sexual abuse by an individual infected with Gonorrhea or it can also occur from touching items contaminated with N. gonorrhoeae bacteria...... ReadMore

Nadine Misago*, Desire Habonimana, Leopold Ouedraogo and Patrick Bitangumutwenzi

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000157

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Background: Birth weight is an important determinant of neonatal and child health outcome. For instance, evidence has shown that low birth weight (LBW) has a negative impact on the baby’s growth, cognitive development, and on neuro-motor development and immune function. Underweight babies are prone to increased risk of infections and stunting. LBW remains prevalent worldwide and is more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries. Several factors including mothers’ socio-economic characteristics, maternal health behaviors and maternal and pregnancy health conditions determine birth weight outcome. This study sought to determine the prevalence and investigate determinants of LBW among Burundian women of reproductive age. Methods: This study used data extracted from the 2016-2017 National Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted..... ReadMore

Bolarinwa Isaac Akinola*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000156

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Introduction: Spasticity has been implicated as a major hindrance to motor development and overall functional performance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Recent evidence have suggested aquatic therapy as an alternative means for inhibiting spasticity in children with CP. However, these previous studies have provided contrasting results, thereby creating some dearth of evidence in the use of aquatic therapy to manage spasticity in children with CP.Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of aquatic exercise intervention in inhibiting spasticity in children with CP.Materials and Methods: Thirty children aged 1-12 years participated in this study. They were randomised into 2 groups (experimental and control). The experimental groups received manual passive stretching on affected muscles of both upper..... ReadMore

Maryam Monajemzadeh*, Amin Rezvani, Mohammad Vasei, Parin Tanzifi, Reza Khorvash, Farzaneh Motamed and Maryam Eghbali

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000154

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Introduction: Neonatal cholestasis is a common manifestation of various pathologies. These pathologies include direct hepatocellular injury, defects in hepatocyte bile formation, or mechanical obstruction of bile flow. Histologically, most of the biliary tract diseases, infections, genetic and metabolic diseases can display parenchymal inflammation leading to the diagnosis of Neonatal Hepatitis (NH). Hence, NH implies a pattern of neonatal liver disease rather than a specific cause of liver injury. Among non-obstructive causes, various viral infections are associated with NH. The unmasking of the etiology of NH in further patients’ management is extremely important. Also, the prevalence of viral associated NH varies among different studies. Therefore, we planned to investigate the frequency of common viral agents in infan..... ReadMore

Desire Habonimana*, Denis Niyomwungere, Pontien Ndabashinze, Nadine Misago, Emile Nkurunziza, Leonard Bivahagumye, Eugene Ndirahisha

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000153

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BackgroundIn Burundi, maternal health care is mainly provided by midwives especially in peripheral health centres. However, midwives may not have needed knowledge and management capacity to offer care needed for women presenting maternal risks. This study assessed and modelled determinants of the knowledge and management of materno-foetal risk factors among midwives offering maternal health care in peripheral health centres in Burundi. Subjects and MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 90 midwives from 32 peripheral health centres offering maternal health care using a multistage random sampling. Dichotomous outcomes were built, and logistic models fitted on sociodemographic determinants. Significance of coefficients were detected using confidence intervals. ResultsOf 90 midwives, 57 (63%) and 63 (70%) had deficient knowledge lev..... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000152

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There are various genetic disorders which can involve the nervous system or confined to the nervous system alone. This is a brief review on some neurogenetic disorders. Gene mutations disorders are the most common types of neurogenetic disorders. Myotonic syndromes, muscular dystrophies and motor neuron disease are some examples of these disorders. Genetic imprinting in some disorders like Prader–Willi syndrome and Angelman’s syndrome can be seen. In both of these syndromes there is a disruption on a part of chromosome 15 which the autosomal genes differential expression depends on their parental origin (maternal genes disruption in Prader–Willi syndrome and father’s genes disruption in Angelman’s syndrome)...... ReadMore

Akbar Nikkhah*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000151

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Pregnant women undergo metabolic adaptations and challenges that predispose them to a variety of complications. The objective of this article was to highlight the importance of eating timing and especially limited evening eating on optimizing pregnancy status and pediatric health and welfare. Because of limited evening and nocturnal metabolic capacity to handle nutrients (e.g., glucose), pregnant women are recommended to take smaller and earlier evening meals and instead distribute their main food meals over the course of morning and day hours. Such a food intake regimen would considerably reduce diabetes and obesity risks and improve upcoming lactation performance and pediatric health and welfare...... ReadMore

Santosh Kumar Kamalakannan*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000150

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Noma Neonatorum is a gangrenous infection involving the mucocutaneous junctions of oral, nasal,anal area and rarely the eyelids . It generally affects the premature low birth weight babies in the first few weeks of neonatal life. This rare complication of Pseudomonas septicemia has a very high fatality documented in previous literature...... ReadMore

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000149

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Background: Mental retardation has been recently called by the American Psychiatric Association “Intellectual disability”, despite that the World Health Organization is still using the term “Mental retardation” in its ICD-10 publication. It is a heterogeneous condition marked by generalized neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with significant impairment in mental or intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors that affect every day general living. Patients and Methods: A comprehensive multi-factorial treatment approach was used to treat a boy with idiopathic (Moderate to severe) mental retardation who was uneducable with the main aim of making him more educable. Treatment courses included intramuscular citicoline, piracetam, cerebrolysin, and oral pyritinol. Results: Treatment was successful in advancing th..... ReadMore

Wael Nasser*, Haia Nasser, Bayan H, Amir Bar, Jerdev Michael, Ehsan N, Boshra N and Susan Nasser

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000148

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Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS) type 1 is a rare hereditary skeletal disorder. KCS reported almost exclusively in middle eastern populations. It is characterized by severe growth retardation-short stature, dysmorphic features, episodic hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, seizures, and medullary stenosis of long bones with thickened cortices. We present here three cases with the characteristic symptoms of growth retardation, dysmorphic features, and hypoparathyroidism. After a full investigation, Kenny- Caffery Syndrome was diagnosed...... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000147

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Gelastic epilepsy, progressive cognitive decline, behavioral disturbances, and precocious puberty, can be the symptoms of the hypothalamic hamartomas [1-3]. Gelastic seizures or the pressure to laugh phenomenon, are the hallmark of the hypothalamic hamartoma’s epilepsy. These seizures usually begin in the neonatal period and will develop to seizures types which would be catastrophic and refractory in their nature. Recurrent brief seizures which would be initiated by grimacing or laugher which is not emotional in nature, are the characteristics of the gelastic fits [4-6]...... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000146

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Coordinated manner of action of the projections from monoaminergic cell groups, cholinergic and orexin neurons, produces arousal. Turning this arousal system off would result in producing sleep. There is an important role for the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (VLPO) to inhibit the arousal circuits during sleep. VLPO neurons are sleep active neurons [1-3]. Also, these neurons contain GABA and Galanin as inhibitory neurotransmitters. Such neurons receive afferents from monoaminergic systems. VLPO lesions would cause fragmented sleep and insomnia...... ReadMore

Mavlyanova NN* and Nadjmutdinova DK

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000145

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The article provides literature data on the significance of the study of antinuclear antibodies (anti-DNA) in systemic diseases including in obstetric pathology which are a prognostic criterion for the course of morbidity. Obstetric practice has paid particular attention to fetal growth restriction syndrome in recent years. Fetal Growth Restriction Syndrome (FGRS) is the cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, the risk of sudden infant mortality [1]. According to WHO statistics the number of newborns with fetal growth restriction syndrome ranges from 31.1% in Central Asia to 6.5% in developed European countries...... ReadMore

Gokul Krishnan R*, Nirmala P and Chandrasekhar G

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000144

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Background: Congenital anomalies are an important cause of neonatal and infant mortality, contribute upto 11% of neonatal deaths globally. With increasing use of routine prenatal ultrasound, early identification of these anomalies is possible in antenatal period and thereby adequate counselling could be done by the Neonatologists. The present study was done to know the incidence, pattern of congenital anomalies and various presentations, which may help for antenatal parents counselling and subsequent management after delivery. Aim and Objectives: The aim of our study was to analyze the antenatal incidence of major congenital anomalies in our hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in the Neonatal division, Department of Pediatrics at Narayana Medical College hospital, Nellore, India between January 2018 to December ..... ReadMore

Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000143

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The paper mainly explores the attitudes and perceptions of the families towards the value of children; optimistically as a source of happiness. Families invest on their children from cradle to grave as much as they can. The process of modernization in different dimensions is creating various controversies which require new and appropriate policies to solve the emerging problems. The value of children within the families in Iran originates in their socio-economic values in different dimensions to the parents. However, children are prone to prospering or suffering depending on the statues of families with special reference to the status of their mothers. Because of the obvious difference in the attitudes, values and life parents of people and families form different cultures and way of life, the perce..... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2019.02.000142

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Seizures which occur in the first twenty-eight days of life of a fullterm infant or in the forty-four weeks of gestational age in a preterm infant, define as neonatal seizures. Neonatal seizures incidence is about three in one thousand and the prevalence is about one and a half percent of live births [1-4]. The first to second day and up to the first week of life, is the most vulnerable time which seizures can be occurred at that. Neonatal seizures differential diagnosis is based on their time of onset...... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2019.02.000141

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There would be an important role for inflammation in the neonatal seizure disorders. Also, in status epilepticus and the brain injury consequences of that, inflammatory processes play an important role. IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-a and immune cells increased expression, has been found in seizure disorders [1-5]. The production of cytokines would be induced by epileptic seizures. Such cytokines production will influence seizures and their pathogenesis...... ReadMore