Lupine Publishers Group

Xhenete Cazimi*, Caroline Sofie Kleis Schmidt, Lise Aunsholt and Leif Percival Andersen

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000165

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Lactoferrin, (Lf), a member of the transferrin family of non-haem iron-binding proteins, is a compound found primarily in milk and mucosal secretions [1]. Lf is considered a multifunctional protein, mainly involved in both the innate and adaptive immune defenses of the organism and is released from activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN’s) during an inflammatory response and may therefore be an indicator for the degree of inflammation [1-4]. Lf originates in mucosal secretions, including tears, saliva, vaginal fluids, semen, nasal and bronchial secretions, bile, gastrointestinal fluids, urine and in milk and colostrum [5,6]. High levels of neutrophil-released Lf will prevent colonization, and thereby infection of host tissues, inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and protect tissues from damage. The prevention of damage is effectu..... ReadMore

Liza L de Haan*, Ben A Semmekrot and Jos W J van der Stappen

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000164

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Celiac disease in children is a common gluten-induced autoimmune disease affecting the small intestine (lifetime prevalence 1% [1]). Although an intestinal biopsy remains the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis, the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guideline [2] offers an alternative approach for selected patients with the following characteristics: a) clinical and morphological symptoms or/and at risk because of positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types DQ2/DQ8, b) elevated IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (IgA anti-tTG) results (> 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)) and c) An additional positive anti-endomysial antibody (EMA) test. In these patients, the diagnosis is confirmed if symptoms resolve on a gluten-free diet and serologic tests revert to normal. In this letter, we ..... ReadMore

Lina Marcela Ortiz Roncallo*, Angie Katerine Rodríguez Paredes, Eyleen Elena Borja Alemán, Ana María Valencia Castaño, Adriana Paola Beltrán Miranda, Olga Vanessa Manrique Arismendy, Diana Marcela Bolaños Lamilla, Estefanía Cordero Lugo and Ricardo

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000163

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Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a rare disorder in children in which the rounded femoral head stops receiving blood supply. As a result, the femoral head collapses. The body will absorb the dead bone cells and replace them with new bone cells. Eventually, the new bone cells will return the head of the femur to shape. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease causes pain and stiffness in the hip joint for a time. It is important to mention that this disease usually occurs in children between 2 and 12 years of age and in most cases, only one of the hips is affected. ELCP is a hip disorder of unknown origin. The disease is caused by a temporary interruption of blood flow in the ossification nucleus of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. After this blood interruption, osteonecrosis, and a loss of the physiological shape of the femoral head appear [1]. ELCP..... ReadMore

Siniša Franjić*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000162

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Nervous system tumors may be primary or secondary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord [1]. They are classified according to their cell of origin and graded according to their malignant behavior. Although histologically the tumor may be benign, the enclosed nature of the CNS may result in tumor effects causing significant damage or even death. Among children, brain tumors are the most frequent cause of solid tumor cancer–related deaths. Incidence and mortality rates are highest among whites and men. Among children, there has been a slight rise in incidence and a decrease in mortality in the past 30 years. There are relatively few known risk factors for brain and CNS cancers. Patients with exposure to radiation and vinyl chloride and those with certain genetic syndromes may be at higher ris..... ReadMore

Bandara S, Rathnathilake RMGS B, Bandara DDDS, Muniweera ALK R

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000161

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The critical period for the growth and the neurodevelopment of a premature infant is the first few weeks of life. The nutritional requirement goes to its highest point during this period and the nutrition should be optimized to baby’s needs. We tried to find out whether the exclusive breast feeding is adequate to nourish a neonate during first few weeks of its life by assessing their heights by the age of 2-5 years. We tested fifty children aged 2-5 years who were born prematurely within POA of 26-34 weeks and were exclusively been fed with breast milk during their neonatal period. Data were collected from the clinic records and were analyzed by Descriptive analysis and contingency tables. 74% of the sample achieved the predicted mid parental height by that age, according to the cluster analysis. So, we can conclude that the exclusive b..... ReadMore

Ehsan Nasser*, Haia Nasser, Doua B, Michael H , Boshra N, Hino B, and Wael Nasser

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000160

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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and potentially serious bacterial infection of childhood. UTI is the most common cause of hospitalization in children with high fever especially in infancy, which is more common to be the source for bacteremia in this age (10.6). In infancy, the disease is more common in boys and the incidence in girls increases with age, it has been found that uncircumcised children have a higher incidence of urinary tract infections (12.10.15). 30% of children who have had the first infection of pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidney tissue) will develop a recurrent urinary tract infection when the infection occurs in the first year of life (10.9). The most common bacteria to cause these infections are Escherichia Coli (E-coli) (1.3), later Gram-negative bacteria (-) such as Klebsiella pneumon..... ReadMore

María Hoyos Herrera*, Juan Tafur Delgado, Rafael Chicha Polo, Fabiola Menco Contreras, Michael Muñoz Ortíz

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000159

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a malformation resulting from incomplete fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane, it occurs in around 1/5000 live newborns, it produces in the vast majority of cases severe symptoms of respiratory failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension in this age group. Treatment is based on maintaining the best respiratory conditions in the child through intensive neonatal therapy management and, once this objective is achieved, surgical correction of the anatomical defect should proceed. Unfortunately, despite the progress in respiratory management of the seriously ill newborn, mortality from this disease is reported above 75%. We present a case in which the left diaphragmatic hernia associated with pulmonary hypertension led to a fatal outcome in a newborn, des..... ReadMore

Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur*, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, Mega Kahdina, Hernalia Martadila Putri

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000158

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Introduction: Gonorrhea is one of the four most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Globally, the highest incidence of gonorrhea cases is in the African and Western Pacific regions (including China, Indonesia and Australia). Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These bacteria are gram-negative bacteria in the form of diplococci located intracellularly from PMN cells. Infection from Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be transmitted by sexual intercourse or vertical transmission at the time of delivery. In children, infection can occur as a result of sexual abuse by an individual infected with Gonorrhea or it can also occur from touching items contaminated with N. gonorrhoeae bacteria...... ReadMore

Nadine Misago*, Desire Habonimana, Leopold Ouedraogo and Patrick Bitangumutwenzi

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000157

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Background: Birth weight is an important determinant of neonatal and child health outcome. For instance, evidence has shown that low birth weight (LBW) has a negative impact on the baby’s growth, cognitive development, and on neuro-motor development and immune function. Underweight babies are prone to increased risk of infections and stunting. LBW remains prevalent worldwide and is more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries. Several factors including mothers’ socio-economic characteristics, maternal health behaviors and maternal and pregnancy health conditions determine birth weight outcome. This study sought to determine the prevalence and investigate determinants of LBW among Burundian women of reproductive age. Methods: This study used data extracted from the 2016-2017 National Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted..... ReadMore

Bolarinwa Isaac Akinola*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2021.03.000156

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Introduction: Spasticity has been implicated as a major hindrance to motor development and overall functional performance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Recent evidence have suggested aquatic therapy as an alternative means for inhibiting spasticity in children with CP. However, these previous studies have provided contrasting results, thereby creating some dearth of evidence in the use of aquatic therapy to manage spasticity in children with CP.Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of aquatic exercise intervention in inhibiting spasticity in children with CP.Materials and Methods: Thirty children aged 1-12 years participated in this study. They were randomised into 2 groups (experimental and control). The experimental groups received manual passive stretching on affected muscles of both upper..... ReadMore

Maryam Monajemzadeh*, Amin Rezvani, Mohammad Vasei, Parin Tanzifi, Reza Khorvash, Farzaneh Motamed and Maryam Eghbali

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000154

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Introduction: Neonatal cholestasis is a common manifestation of various pathologies. These pathologies include direct hepatocellular injury, defects in hepatocyte bile formation, or mechanical obstruction of bile flow. Histologically, most of the biliary tract diseases, infections, genetic and metabolic diseases can display parenchymal inflammation leading to the diagnosis of Neonatal Hepatitis (NH). Hence, NH implies a pattern of neonatal liver disease rather than a specific cause of liver injury. Among non-obstructive causes, various viral infections are associated with NH. The unmasking of the etiology of NH in further patients’ management is extremely important. Also, the prevalence of viral associated NH varies among different studies. Therefore, we planned to investigate the frequency of common viral agents in infan..... ReadMore

Desire Habonimana*, Denis Niyomwungere, Pontien Ndabashinze, Nadine Misago, Emile Nkurunziza, Leonard Bivahagumye, Eugene Ndirahisha

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000153

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BackgroundIn Burundi, maternal health care is mainly provided by midwives especially in peripheral health centres. However, midwives may not have needed knowledge and management capacity to offer care needed for women presenting maternal risks. This study assessed and modelled determinants of the knowledge and management of materno-foetal risk factors among midwives offering maternal health care in peripheral health centres in Burundi. Subjects and MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 90 midwives from 32 peripheral health centres offering maternal health care using a multistage random sampling. Dichotomous outcomes were built, and logistic models fitted on sociodemographic determinants. Significance of coefficients were detected using confidence intervals. ResultsOf 90 midwives, 57 (63%) and 63 (70%) had deficient knowledge lev..... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000152

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There are various genetic disorders which can involve the nervous system or confined to the nervous system alone. This is a brief review on some neurogenetic disorders. Gene mutations disorders are the most common types of neurogenetic disorders. Myotonic syndromes, muscular dystrophies and motor neuron disease are some examples of these disorders. Genetic imprinting in some disorders like Prader–Willi syndrome and Angelman’s syndrome can be seen. In both of these syndromes there is a disruption on a part of chromosome 15 which the autosomal genes differential expression depends on their parental origin (maternal genes disruption in Prader–Willi syndrome and father’s genes disruption in Angelman’s syndrome)...... ReadMore

Akbar Nikkhah*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.03.000151

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Pregnant women undergo metabolic adaptations and challenges that predispose them to a variety of complications. The objective of this article was to highlight the importance of eating timing and especially limited evening eating on optimizing pregnancy status and pediatric health and welfare. Because of limited evening and nocturnal metabolic capacity to handle nutrients (e.g., glucose), pregnant women are recommended to take smaller and earlier evening meals and instead distribute their main food meals over the course of morning and day hours. Such a food intake regimen would considerably reduce diabetes and obesity risks and improve upcoming lactation performance and pediatric health and welfare...... ReadMore

Santosh Kumar Kamalakannan*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000150

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Noma Neonatorum is a gangrenous infection involving the mucocutaneous junctions of oral, nasal,anal area and rarely the eyelids . It generally affects the premature low birth weight babies in the first few weeks of neonatal life. This rare complication of Pseudomonas septicemia has a very high fatality documented in previous literature...... ReadMore

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000149

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Background: Mental retardation has been recently called by the American Psychiatric Association “Intellectual disability”, despite that the World Health Organization is still using the term “Mental retardation” in its ICD-10 publication. It is a heterogeneous condition marked by generalized neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with significant impairment in mental or intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors that affect every day general living. Patients and Methods: A comprehensive multi-factorial treatment approach was used to treat a boy with idiopathic (Moderate to severe) mental retardation who was uneducable with the main aim of making him more educable. Treatment courses included intramuscular citicoline, piracetam, cerebrolysin, and oral pyritinol. Results: Treatment was successful in advancing th..... ReadMore

Wael Nasser*, Haia Nasser, Bayan H, Amir Bar, Jerdev Michael, Ehsan N, Boshra N and Susan Nasser

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000148

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Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS) type 1 is a rare hereditary skeletal disorder. KCS reported almost exclusively in middle eastern populations. It is characterized by severe growth retardation-short stature, dysmorphic features, episodic hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, seizures, and medullary stenosis of long bones with thickened cortices. We present here three cases with the characteristic symptoms of growth retardation, dysmorphic features, and hypoparathyroidism. After a full investigation, Kenny- Caffery Syndrome was diagnosed...... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000147

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Gelastic epilepsy, progressive cognitive decline, behavioral disturbances, and precocious puberty, can be the symptoms of the hypothalamic hamartomas [1-3]. Gelastic seizures or the pressure to laugh phenomenon, are the hallmark of the hypothalamic hamartoma’s epilepsy. These seizures usually begin in the neonatal period and will develop to seizures types which would be catastrophic and refractory in their nature. Recurrent brief seizures which would be initiated by grimacing or laugher which is not emotional in nature, are the characteristics of the gelastic fits [4-6]...... ReadMore

Behzad Saberi*

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000146

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Coordinated manner of action of the projections from monoaminergic cell groups, cholinergic and orexin neurons, produces arousal. Turning this arousal system off would result in producing sleep. There is an important role for the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (VLPO) to inhibit the arousal circuits during sleep. VLPO neurons are sleep active neurons [1-3]. Also, these neurons contain GABA and Galanin as inhibitory neurotransmitters. Such neurons receive afferents from monoaminergic systems. VLPO lesions would cause fragmented sleep and insomnia...... ReadMore

Mavlyanova NN* and Nadjmutdinova DK

DOI : 10.32474/PAPN.2020.02.000145

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The article provides literature data on the significance of the study of antinuclear antibodies (anti-DNA) in systemic diseases including in obstetric pathology which are a prognostic criterion for the course of morbidity. Obstetric practice has paid particular attention to fetal growth restriction syndrome in recent years. Fetal Growth Restriction Syndrome (FGRS) is the cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, the risk of sudden infant mortality [1]. According to WHO statistics the number of newborns with fetal growth restriction syndrome ranges from 31.1% in Central Asia to 6.5% in developed European countries...... ReadMore