Yuri S Pestovsky* and Agustino Martínez-Antonio

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.03.000155

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Alginate is a natural polysaccharide that is widely used as a component of pharmaceuticals and in food industry. Alginate particles can be used for encapsulation of substances with the necessity of prolonged release. They can also provide appropriate microenvironment for cells. Here the methods of the synthesis of alginate beads, micro- and nanoparticles are reviewed with special attention to the calcium alginate ones. The results from publications that did not deal with alginate particles but, to our opinion, could be applied in this field are also included in order to give an outline for possible future research. The suggested applications of the particles are mentioned as well. The two main methods for the synthesis of calcium alginate particles are internal and external gelation, but the external gelation techniques.....ReadMore

Teodora E Harsa*, Alexandra M Harsa and Mircea V Diudea

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.03.000154

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Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, represents a class of monoamine neurontransmitters, all of which having a chemical template comprised of a basic amino group separated from an aromatic nucleus by a two-carbon aliphatic chain. In this paper we present a docking study on serotonin targeting the proteins 3ADX and 2YX8, respectively, performed by AutoDock Vina. A set of thirty-five serotonins, downloaded from PubChem, was modeled, within the hypermolecule strategy; the predicted activity was LD50 and prediction was done on similarity clusters with the leaders chosen as the best docked ligands on the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. It was concluded that LD50 of the studied serotonins is not directly influenced by their binding energies to the target proteins......ReadMore

Mohamed A Gbaj, Inass A Sadawe, Nisreen H Meiqal, Salah M Bensaber, Massaud Salem Maamar, Anton Hermann and Abdul M Gbaj*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.03.000153

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Venom of Cerastes cerastes has been extracted and its toxicity was investigated in the presence of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) fruit peels. The decline in the mean survival time of the male albino swiss mice were used to deduce the venom property in the presence and absence of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) fruit peels. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) fruit Peels significantly decrease the mean survival time compared to the venom alone. From these results it was evident that the toxicity of Cerastes cerastes venomis increased significantly in the presence of Citrus reticulata in a dose dependent manner.....ReadMore

Jagessar RC*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.03.000152

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic health problem with long term consequences that are potentially preventable. It is a heterogeneous group of disease, characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. There are several synthetic antidiabetic drugs. These include Insulin Secretagogues (Sulfonylureas), biguanides, Thiazolidinediones, α- Glucosidase, Glucagon. Although, antidiabetic agents such as insulin, biguanides, thiazolidinediones and α glucosidase inhibitors are available in Guyana to treat diabetes, a safe and effective treatment paradigm is yet to be achieved. This is due to that fact that these drugs fail to significantly reduce the course of diabetic complications and have limited use because of their undesirable patho.....ReadMore

Muhammad Imran Qadir and Hira Baig*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.03.000151

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Dengue fever is a mosquito born disease. Biting of female mosquito transfer virus in to host through its tentacles and then it multiply, first when host defense mechanism strong it fights with phages after time they become resistant multiply and cause infection that cause dengue fever. Biology students gave their contribution in evaluation of understanding and their views relate to dengue fever. In Pakistan, upper Punjab suffered catastrophe of dengue fever. It was concluded that most subjects claimed mosquito infection was viral, also people claimed it never treated with surgery. Some people understood it can be treated by specific type of medicine, it also not metabolic disease......ReadMore

Manoj Ramesh Kumbhare*, Ajaykumar Rikhabchand Surana, Apurva Uttamrao Abhale, Ankita Ankush Bhoir and Shivam Puranmalgi Agrawal

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.02.000150

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Antibiotics are immense weapon that fight microbes. For decades, several varieties of antibiotics have not only been used for clinical purposes but practiced across other industries like agriculture and animal husbandry. The regular practice in antibacterial drug development has been to rapidly make an effort to find ever-more stable and broad-spectrum alternative for a particular antibiotic, once a drug resistance for that antibiotic is detected. We are now facing bacterial resistance toward our clinically relevant antibiotics of such a magnitude that the conversation for antimicrobial drug development ought to include effective new antibiotics with alternative mechanisms of action. Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a world-wide problem in human and veterinary medicine. It is generally accepted th.....ReadMore

Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak and Snehasis Jana*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.02.000149

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Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that mainly acts as an antioxidant and helps in controlling and maintaining various body functions. The study was designed to analyze the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of ascorbic acid by using sophisticated analytical techniques. For the study, the test sample ascorbic acid was divided into the control and treated sample. To the control sample, no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided. However, the treated sample received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by the renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton, USA. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes of the treated sample significantly altered ranging from -78.43% to 1168.06% and -62.38% to 126.83%, respectively; along with 24.99% decrease in the.....ReadMore

Gopal Dixit*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.02.000148

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Ethnomedicine is an area of research that deals with medicines derived from plants, animals and minerals etc. and used in the treatment of different human and veterinary ailments. Ethnomedicines includes indigenous beliefs, concepts, knowledge and practices among the ethnic groups, folk people and rural people for preventing, minimizing or curing various diseases. For this purpose, human groups around the world utilized the biological and cultural resources in their own way to develop resistance to combat different diseases, illness and health hazards arising from different pathogens and agents......ReadMore

Md Nur Kabidul Azam and Md Nasir Ahmed*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.02.000147

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The Authors of this article has been working on ethnopharmacoloy and natural product science for the last one decade. They have been involved with several ethnic and traditional medication system development projects and also achieved recognitions in the medicinal plant sector of Bangladesh. Recently they have raised their interests on Nutrigenomics to introduce the “Personalized Nutrition” aiming to evolve the health maintenance in Bangladesh. The goal of this paper is to discuss opportunities and challenges for the next generation medicine in Bangladesh......ReadMore

Pervin Deveci*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2019.02.000146

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted extensive attention as efficient drug delivery carriers on account of its adjustable pore size, specific surface area, stability, and good biocompatibility. This review summarizes the recent advances on the application of gated MSNs for controlled drug delivery. These advanced technologies demonstrate current challenges and provide a bright future for precision of cancer treatment......ReadMore

Isak R Shaikh* and Alamgir A Shaikh

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000145

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Historical records show that scientific advancements accounted for substantial changes in our life-style and wellbeing. The Industrial Revolution took place in the western countries in the 1700s when people first appreciated the terms ‘science’ and ‘technology’ and valued the applications of ‘technological innovations’ for their commercialization......ReadMore

François-Xavier Lacasse*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000144

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The author of this short communication has been working in and teaching drug development for the last 20 years. He has been involved in more than 100 drug development projects, including drug delivery, medical device, biologics, innovators and generic drugs. He has also been involved in all the steps that are needed to file properly to different governmental agencies investigational new drug applications (IND), clinical trial applications (CTA), abbreviated and new drug applications/submissions (ANDAS; NDA/S), 505b2, 510k and biologics legal applications (BLA)......ReadMore

Amit Gosar, Hussain Sayyed and Tabrez Shaikh*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000143

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The present work is based on a assess analysis of the literature in order to define the genotoxic impurities present in the drug substances and drug products. Starting from the definition of genotoxic impurities, sources of genotoxic impurities, their generation and classification based on their toxicity. The article also explains the various regulatory guidelines to control the genotoxic impurities in drug substances. Isolation, qualification of impurity and its identification along with quantification by the various analytical methods is also described in this review article......ReadMore

Benjamín Ruiz Loyola*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000142

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In all animal species competition between individuals is presented to obtain mainly food and reproduction; When there are not enough satisfiers, there are disputes that usually stop when there is a winner, without individuals dying. The defeated one retires, and the winner is satisfied with the victory and, eventually, with the dominion over the rest of the group, which implies that he will eat and mate before the others. So far, animals do not have too much trouble. But the human is a very special animal, because he has a memory......ReadMore

Amani Mohsen* and Rabih Chahine

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000141

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Once Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is diagnosed, risk profile of the patient will impact its management whether there was a previous thrombotic event or not, association with other autoimmune disorders, presence of other obstetrical complications as well as being currently pregnant. The current recommended regimen for preventing obstetrical complications. The current recommended regimen for preventing obstetrical complications includes low molecular weight Heparin and low dose aspirin. This regimen decreases the risk of miscarriage by only 54%. Here, we will review the studies that evaluated adding Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to the treatment of APS and how effective it would be......ReadMore

A Krishna Sailaja*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000140

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Splendid achievements have been made in management of disease through invention of drugs over past decade. The present conventional drug delivery systems often have side-effects and complications due to their wide distribution throughout the body fluids. The localization of drug action in injured tissue is a promising way to solve this problem. The objective of drug targeting is to achieve a desired pharmacological response at a selected site without undesirable interaction at other sites. This is especially important in cancer chemotherapy and rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Recently invention of drugs has been generated by various drug delivery systems like microspheres, liposomes, noisomes, nanocapsules and nanoparticles. Among all colloidal drug carriers’ nanoparticles are gaining more popularity b.....ReadMore

Hossam Mohammed Gomaa* and Ahmed Hatim Hamdy EL-Dosokey

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000139

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Some of iron bismuth borate oxide glasses were prepared to form a series of glass samples contain a constant and a fixed amount of Fe2O3 whereas the B2O3 was replaced by Bi2O3, according to the formula 20 mol % Fe2O3–(15 + x) mol % Bi2O3–(65–x) mol % B2O3, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. The X-ray diffraction and FTIR Spectra showed formation of homogenous short-range order structures. The values of the refractive index were estimated using both FTIR date room temperature dialectic measurements are in a good agreement with each other. It is clear that the ε increased with the increasing of Bi2O3 content......ReadMore

Isaac John Umaru*, Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmed, Hauwa A Umaru, Kerenhappuch I Umaru and Benedict Samling

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000138

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A review of Barringtonia asiatica considered to be a mangrove associated species is made to update its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties which is claimed to be a broad-spectrum medicinal property. Barringtonia asiatica was commonly used in various country of the world for treatment of liver disorder, diarrheal disease, eye disease, as well as antifungal and antibacterial, as well as chest pains and heart troubles. It was also considered a fish killer; this has been identified as a source of Natural products with potentials as an antitumor. The aim of the present review is to provide detailed information regarding geographical distribution, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of this plant......ReadMore

Robert Skopec*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000137

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State Department evacuates a number of Americans from the U.S. consulate in Guangzhou, China after they experienced unexplained health issues. A group of U.S. diplomats stationed in China have been brought back to the states after being inflicted by a mystery illness that reportedly resembles the brain injuries previously suffered by staff in Cuba. Heather Nauert, a State Department spokeswoman, said in a statement that the individuals from the U.S. office in Guangzhou were returned home for further evaluation. It was unclear if there was any connection to last year’s situation in Cuba where 24 US government employees experienced a range of ailments after hearing an unusual sound......ReadMore

Nahd Mohamed Elmaki, Inass A Al Sadawi, Anton Hermann and Abdul M Gbaj*

DOI : 10.32474/DDIPIJ.2018.02.000136

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Molecular modeling attempts to study the function, structure and inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme due to the fact that the inhibition of this enzyme is importance to medical conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, myasthenia gravis and Parkinson’s disease, and it is also important in eminent toxicological susceptibility to nerve agents. In this study we present an approach for forecasting the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors by using docking studies. The docking studies were done on acetylcholinesterase to attain the conformation of the enzyme in water surroundings. The obtained conformation of the enzyme was used for docking with four inhibitors (physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine and rivastigmine). Docking analysis showed that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactio.....ReadMore