Lupine Publishers Group

Jean Pierre Rifler*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000222

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The rule of Saint Benedict [1] was created, according to tradition, by Benedict of Nursia from 534 AC. J-C. It was adopted and disclosed following the creation of the Order of Cîteaux, in 1098, by Etienne de Harding. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153 AC) will largely contribute to the dissemination of this rule which served as a model for the one he gave to the poor Children of Christ who became Templars. In rule 40: the measure of the drink; it is stated that one «hemin» of wine per day is sufficient for everyone. This hemin is an ancient Roman measure for liquids corresponding to 27 centiliters [2] that is the equivalent of the current 3 standard glasses considered acceptable daily consumption by the anti-alcoholic leagues. In fact, wine has always been part of the history of mankind, it is, according to the Bible, Noah who planted the..... ReadMore

Rinat Cohen, Sivanie Shiran and Rami Tolmacz*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000220

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There has been increased interest on the part of both organizations and the academy in the entitlement attitudes of employees. The vast majority of studies on employee entitlement have construed it as a unidimensional dispositional trait and have generally revealed strong correlations between sense of entitlement and negative workplace behaviors, suggesting significant implications for organizational outcomes. The goal of the current study was to develop and validate a self-report measure that views employees’ sense of relational entitlement toward their supervisors (SRE-es) as multifactorial. Findings indicated initial evidence of the validity of the SRE-es three-factor structure, reflecting employees’ adaptive (assertive) as well as pathological (restricted or exaggerated) attitudes regarding the assertion of their needs and rights ..... ReadMore

Ilma Robo*, Kristina Myftaraj and Saimir Heta

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000219

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Reaction at the biochemical level in the organism of the one who experiences it. This is the definition of the notion of fear which is experienced mainly as an individual emotional response reflected in the high level of expression of bodily reactions, of this feeling [1- 4]. Strong negative feelings towards dental treatment are expressed by patients as dental fear, regardless of whether or not the criteria for a diagnosis of dental phobia are met. Dental fear which can be aggravated and even pass to the level of dental phobia is a common occurrence in adults but more pronounced in children. Delays in dental treatment or ways to avoid dental treatment are the choices that children suffering from dental fear or dental phobia make instantly. Both delays and avoidance of dental treatment result in poor oral status for children with fears up ..... ReadMore

Mostafa Shaaban Kandil*, Wafik Said Bahnasy, Amr Adel Haiba, Gamal Taha Shamma and El-Sayed Abdel Hamid Gad

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000218

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Addiction is defined as a chronic relapsing neurobiological brain disease. The rate of drug addiction in Egypt is twice the global rate so working on the development of new preventive and treatment modalities is crucial. One of the most prevalent features of opioid addiction is the tendency to relapse on the drug even weeks, months or years after stoppage of opioid use. Exposures to stress or conditioned cues related to heroin abuse are distinct conditions that induce relapse. Craving (the intense desire to take a drug) is a central aspect of drug addiction and a contributing factor in relapse after period of abstinence. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that 40 to 60 % of people treated for substance use disorders relapse. For heroin, the numbers tend to be approximately twice that rate, 59% of which occurred within 1 week of ..... ReadMore

Diego G Flores, Harold Miller and Scott Steffensen*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000217

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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) proposed that voluntary behavior is governed by the principle of hedonism, that is, an individual’s sole intrinsic good is the overall pursuit of pleasure. A hedonist strives to maximize net pleasure by minimizing pain. Utility theory, which is a cornerstone of the rational perspective of economics, is rooted in the hedonist principle. However, the psychology of Homo economicus-a rational and self-interested individual with relatively stable preferences-has been challenged by numerous psychologists and behavioral economists. The purpose of our research was to explore the effects of small monetary gains and losses on choice behavior using a computerized game and to determine gain/loss ratio differences using both behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. A prominent example of gain-loss asymmetry is..... ReadMore

Abdul Aziz*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000216

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Today, almost all sectors of the world’s life, including the business sector, has experienced a drastic decline, both large-scale businesses and small businesses. Even though in the era of disruption (industry 4.0), which is accelerating the flow of information and technology seamlessly around the world, it is slowly but surely entering the era of society 5.0, experiencing new challenges, namely the global crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic that started in the city of Wuhan in China. Towards the end of 2020 until now the world order has drastically changed, the spread of Covid-19 has been evenly distributed throughout the world, all means and efforts to restore normalcy in all areas of life are taken, including Indonesia, starting with PSBB and now PPKM is carried out to restore uncontrollable conditions to normal control. as before. W..... ReadMore

Jevonte*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000215

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The aim of this research was to compare general practitioners and specialist doctors’ empathy and cognitive flexibility levels along with their interpersonal relationship styles. Research participants involved 30 general practitioners working in family health centers and 30 specialists serving in state hospitals. Data were obtained via sociodemographic information form, Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Interpersonal Relationship Scale. Although empathy levels did not differ between specialists and practitioners, findings revealed specialists embraced more open, respectful, and less condescending interpersonal relations styles than practitioners. Relatedly, specialists’ cognitive flexibility-alternatives subscale scores were significantly higher than practitioners. While practitioners’ cognitive flexib..... ReadMore

Tiago Mendonçaa, Alessandro Cozzia, Eva Teruela, Manuel Mengolib, Philippe Monnereta and Patrick Pageata*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000214

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The generalisation of responses to different stimuli depends on the ability to create associations between stimuli. Stimulus generalisation can be performed for different stimuli or for different contexts in which the same stimulus is perceived. This study investigated the stimulus-generalisation abilities of horses in different contexts. Sixteen horses were involved in this study. During the learning activity (LA), horses were given the chance to choose between two geometrical figures (a triangle and a circle) to obtain a food reward; the circle always corresponded to the correct choice. The rule was considered learned if a horse was correct more than 70% of the time and made 4 consecutive correct choices. Then, a generalisation test (GT) with ten devices (5 circles, 5 triangles) was created to test generalisation. Only eleven horses res..... ReadMore

James F Welles*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000212

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An arbitrarily based indifference if not hostility to those with good ideas underlines our pervasive stupidity in social relations. By contrast, the basis for our undeniable successes in matters technical become all the more obvious. If we could but apply scientific objectivity to the social domain, we might undercut our proclivity for individual and collective maladaptive behavior. This is well worth considering, if indeed our faith in science is justified and if the application of scientific analysis to human behavior would lead to a reduction in stupidity. Science, in the form of the social sciences, has already proved successful in helping people learn about themselves and their interactions with their institutions. It has also proved useless in providing any sort of ethic to direct the application of knowledge gained to any clear-cut..... ReadMore

Keith Oatley*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000211

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Kazuo Ishiguro won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature. The award citation said of him that “in his novels of great emotional force, he has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world” [1]. Four years later, his most recent novel, Klara and the Sun [2] was published. It is not about any kind of abyss. It is about connections among us humans, and also with other kinds of being. Although its protagonist, Klara, is a robot, this novel is far more psychological than some of the papers that are published in psychology journals. As with solar panels, Klara is powered by the Sun, an entity that not only provides her with electrical energy to move and think, but comes to take on, for her, a god-like significance. What, then, is the difference between her and biologically based human beings? As we think about ro..... ReadMore

Mumtaz Alam*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000210

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Man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself- Rachel Carson. The Anthropocene is a generally accepted framework for describing the planet we now live in. The Anthropocene is a crucial paradigm for addressing environmental challenges in scientific, political, and ethical arguments. Its major contribution is a scientific, and hence non-normative, the hypothesis of man-made global warming. The assumed connection of man and environment provides a systemic perspective. Holocene or Anthropocene? The Holocene epoch relates to the fast proliferation, expansion, and global effect of humans, encompassing all its recorded history, technological revolutions, the emergence of major civilizations, and the overall considerable change to urban existence in the present. Sir Charles Lyell seems to have proposed th..... ReadMore

Abdelrahman Khaled Al helou, Mohammed Issam Altallaa, Ameer Khaleel Shehada, Samer Abuzerr*, Osama Jabr Emad, Azzam Abuhabib and Abdel Hamid el Bilbeisi

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000208

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency that could severely impact mental health. Fear of COVID-19 or its risk perceptions is strongly associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors. This study aimed to examine the associations between the anxiety of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors among People in the Gaza Strip. The sample consists of 682 participants. A cross-sectional online survey design was used; all participants completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and preventive behavior scale. The required data were collected and analyzed. The mean fear of COVID-19 score was 2.51 (SD = 0.83, range: 7–35), while the mean score for preventive behavior was 2.48 (SD = 0.38, range: 3–30). Besides, results showed participants from the North Gaza governorates and those with low educated levels had the highest level of fear of CO..... ReadMore

Hou Yongmei* and Wei Lisha Zheng Que

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000207

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Objective: To explore the status of subjective well-being of elementary school teachers in Guangdong Province, China, and analyze its related factors. Method: Totally 1283 elementary school teachers (552 males, 731 females) were selected by Stratified Random sampling from 5 cities in Guangdong Province. They were assessed with Satisfaction. With Life Scale (SLS), Affect Scale: Positive Affect, Negative Affect, Affect Balance (AS), Test of Teaeher Competeney (TTC), Social Support Rating scale (SSRS) and a self-edited questionnaire on the general personal information. Results: The total score of SLS, AS, SWB, TTC and SSRS were (20.44±6.42), (3.46±1.70), (-0.05±2.19), (3.73±0.61) and (33.71±5.52), respectively. The scores of the 9 diagnostic subscales of TTC were all above 3.50, and the score of Lie subscale was (1.87±0.43). Multivaria..... ReadMore

Oleg Khalidullin*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000205

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Water has been created and accumulated on Earth for millions of years. The quality of water, its structure and its very purpose have evolved along with biota (a community of plants and living organisms). Water is one of the main driving forces of biota, as well as the environment itself. Just like the circulatory system in the body, water brings nutrients to every living cell. The extraction of minerals and fertilizers from the bottom and banks of rivers and underground canals and their delivery to plants and animals is the most important link in the transformation - in a single process of the water cycle. The process of transferring substances is similar to the movement of air through organisms - it delivers oxygen, carbon dioxide and leaves the body with processing waste in a different form. Also, water, as a vehicle, delivers solutes t..... ReadMore

Hamid A Rafizadeh*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000204

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In theory, the continuity and connectedness of the flow of knowledge between the past, present, and future should be relevant to any aspect of human existence. Yet, individuals and societies tend to pay little attention to knowledge from distant past, thus the notion of past “haunting” the present. If knowledge of past is ignored, as characterized by Jacques Derrida, the hauntologicallyoriented present would become a “disjointed or disadjusted now” [1]. Derrida applies his theory of ‘‘hauntology” within the context of Marxism as an ignored past influencing today’s capitalism, but the theory becomes even more prominent when the forgotten knowledge of the distant past originates in thousands of years ago [2]. The psychology of hauntological behavior is deep-rooted in that all disciplines are reluctant to trace their knowledg..... ReadMore

Mohamed Omran Abu Shawish*, Inshirah Abubaker Osman, Yousef Ibrahim Aljeesh and Suha Baloushah

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000203

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Most of human being are born as complete whole, mind and body is connected. Unfortunately, this system is sometimes disintegrated by disease or unfortunate accidents. An amputation is a significant loss and can cause many lifestyle changes. Whether the limb is removed as a result of trauma or disease, patients experience a change in their wellbeing, mobility and ability to perform activities of daily living like dressing, toileting and bathing. Amputation is defined as-the surgical or spontaneous partial or complete removal of a limb or projecting body part covered by skin and is one of the most common acquired disabilities [1-4]. In Gaza strip during the last Thirty years ago approximately 1543 were living with amputations through the wars launched by the occupation on the Gaza Strip, and after the start of the Great Marches Return (GMR)..... ReadMore

Kasirye Rogers* and Moses Kinobi

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.04.000200

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Transition in life for young people is taking another trajectory from the known trends and for Domestic Workers (DW) especially girls working as a maids in households less is reported about their transition when they have left domestic work. The descriptive study employed a convenient sample of youth 14-24 years who were withdrawn from transaction sex. A total of 250 girls participated in the survey. The findings revealed that upon return to their homes, the DW economic situation for most girls recruited does not change. The pressure to fend for themselves and family continues and this opens the door to transiting into transactional sex as an alternative for survival. Sexual exploitation of domestic workers comes with a lot of challenges and most times leaves girls worse off as suicide ideation, unresolved mental issues and substance use ..... ReadMore

Hsin Yi Chen and Richard Lynn*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.04.000198

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For the last century it has been asserted by numerous scholars that males and females have the same average intelligence, e.g., Halpern [1]: “Females and males score identically on IQ tests”, [2] and “When it comes to intelligence, it has been convincingly established that there are no differences between the average woman and man”, and [3-8]. This consensus has been disputed [8-11]. And who has advanced the developmental theory of sex differences in intelligence that maintains that while there is no sex difference in young children and early adolescence, males begin to obtain higher average IQs than females in mid-adolescence increasing to 4-5 IQ points among adults. Some evidence for this theory has been provided [11,12]. The present paper examines these two theories with some Wechsler data in Taiwan. The data to be presented ar..... ReadMore

Zubairu Dagona Kwambo and Dennis Uba*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.04.000197

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The perception of clinical leadership being dislocated from everyday medical practice suggests that more must be done to explain the relevance of leadership to all health care practitioners. This study examined clinical leadership competence in professional healthcare management system: The role of self-esteem, extraversion, and interpersonal relationship among clinicians in Ondo and Lagos State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in the study. Four hypotheses were formulated for the study. A total of 412 clinicians across 3 Federal and 2 State hospitals, including 4 General hospitals and 3 Health centers in Lagos and Ondo States, Nigeria was sampled using accidental sampling technique. The participants comprised of 212 (51.5%) males and 200 (48.5%) females. The ages ranged from 24 to 58 with a mean of 38.19 years and SD..... ReadMore

Effie Heotis*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.04.000196

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Despite that pets play an important role in contemporary society; little is known about the inner world of adults who have close relationships with dogs. The researcher conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study to develop a better understanding of the lived experiences of adults who have close relationships with dogs as companions. Attachment theory served to illuminate on the cognitive and developmental aspects regarding relationships with dogs during adulthood. Interviews were conducted with 15 adult dog owners to gain insights into the inner world of dog owners who have close relationships with dogs. Essential elements constituting the regulation of negative emotions, facilitation of positive emotions, promotion of increased physical activity, enhancement of interpersonal socialization emerged as core themes to shed light on adul..... ReadMore