Lupine Publishers Group

Ulrike Kipman*, Stephan Bartholdy, Günter Schiepek and Wolfgang Aichhorn

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.06.000232

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Living in a world of growing possibilities, we are continuously surrounded by challenging tasks and problems. Apparently simple sequences of decisions, like finding a destination in an unknown city, turn out to be highly complex if examined in detail. Such situations have certain characteristics and require specific cognitive abilities similar to those inherent in much more challenging situations, like managing a company, or avoiding the next world war. These characteristics and cognitive processes are subjects of problem-solving research. Concluding from such examples, findings from this research area are highly relevant for a wide range of situations in everyday life. One particularly young topic in this field of research investigates individual differences in how people deal with especially complex types of problems. What drives psycho..... ReadMore

Pınar Özkan Kart and Ali Cansu*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.06.000231

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus disease) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus [1]. It first appeared on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, and was later declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 [2]. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several measures have been taken in health, economic, and social areas and have been especially effective in education. As of March 27, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced more than 1.5 billion students in 188 countries to switch from traditional face-to-face education to a digital one. The closure of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to reduce the number of new cases by preventing transmission. During this process, children could not attend school for more than a year. During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital trans..... ReadMore

Jean Schroedel*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.06.000230

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

The United States has entered into a scary period, where threats of violence against political opponents are becoming normalized. At the national level, only a few Republican members of Congress are willing to speak out against the January 6th attack on the Capitol, even though some attackers called for the lynching of Vice President Mike Pence and Speaker Nancy Pelosi. Party leaders, who initially denounced the violence have either gone silent (Senator Mitch McConnell) or completely changed their tune (Representative Kevin McCarthy). This failure, on the part of Republican leaders aside from Representative Liz Cheney, has contributed to the normalization of threatening languages and images. At the national level, Republicans are shrugging off Representative Paul Gosar’s posting of an anime video that showed him killing Representative A..... ReadMore

Manoj Nair*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.06.000229

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Furthermore, student engagement has important policy implications, especially in an Australian high school context where securing a high Year 12 attainment rate has been cited as an important objective [5,9,11], professed to be closely linked to developing national productivity and increasing human capital [19-21]. Notably, over 25% of young people across Australia (and over 40% in the state of Tasmania) do not complete Year 12 or its equivalent [22], with over one-third being stressed about high school [23], and over 40% disengaging from learning in high schools [24]. Thus, educators (teachers, senior school staff) continuously devising interventions to promote engagement in high schools [25-27]. However, addressing low student engagement appears to be a significant contributor to teacher stress and burnout since it occupies most of thei..... ReadMore

Fanny Menuge, Estelle Descout, Sana Arroub, Céline Lafont Lecuelle, Emeline Gautier, Manuel Mengoli* and Patrick Pageat*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.06.000228

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Guide dogs accompany people with visual impairments to increase their independence by providing them assistance in their daily tasks [1]. The relationship is based on mutual trust, which is essential for the proper functioning of the dyad [2]. Indeed, the dog must be able to deal with all sorts of unforeseen circumstances that might be encountered in the course of its work. Not reacting when faced with a sudden event, organizing the environment, and showing the way when encountering an obstacle are all indispensable skills that help ensure the safety of the person and the fluidity of his/ her movement [3]. Emotional balance and the capacity to cope with emotional distress are therefore the most desired characteristics in guide dogs [4]. These characteristics could play a fundamental role in both the acquisition of relevant skills and in t..... ReadMore

Hagar Goldberg*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.06.000227

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Affective empathy involves sharing another person’s emotional experience (I feel your pain), through automatic simulation and mirroring of the other person’s physiology and emotional signals, creating an emotional resonance [14-16]. In contrast, cognitive empathy involves recognizing and understanding another person’s feelings and thoughts (“I see and understand your pain”), through mentalizing, perspective-taking, and theory of mind (TOM) [17-20]. But what makes some children engage and act compassionately in difficult social-emotional situations and others to ignore or avoid them? Are these two components (affective and cognitive) sufficient to predict empathic behavior? What are the dynamics and interconnections between these components? A model of higher granularity is necessary to unravel the developmental pathways of empat..... ReadMore

Susmita Bharati, Manoranjan Pal, Golam Hossain* and Premananda Bharati

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.06.000226

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Adolescent period is the transitional phase from childhood to adulthood. Since tremendous physical and mental changes occur during this period, the children need to be properly handled and motivated to avoid future calamities. Adolescent is a critical time for the onset of overweight or obesity among children which is being perceived as a public health crisis [1,2]. Mental health like psychological disorders is also closely associated with this period, which may have a high chance to hamper future development [3]. WHO [4] defines “adolescent” as individual between 10 to 19 years of age. According to definition of [5] that ‘Adolescence’ means “to emerge” or to “attain identity” and it is the period when rapid physical and psychological development starting from the onset of puberty to complete growth and development. So, in..... ReadMore

Sukanya Biswas* and Poonam Sharma

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000225

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Trataka is one of the six cleansing techniques mentioned in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the classical text on the practices of Hatha Yoga. In is defined as “looking intently with an unwavering gaze at a small point until the eyes begin to tear, is called Trataka by the great teachers”. Trataka meditation, also known as a tratak sadhana or candle-gazing meditation, is a meditation technique in which the practitioner center his focus on a single visual point. Trataka can be either internal or external; that is the object that is gazed upon can be an internal object (for example the third eye) or an external one (for example the flame of a candle) [1-3]. Generally our minds get distracted with the objects surrounding us, which stops us from staying focused during meditative practices. To avoid these numerous distractions and obstacle, the ..... ReadMore

Hamidreza Famitafreshi and Morteza Karimian*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000224

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

This behavior will be more developed when considering that although COVID-19 infection in some patients is mild however in other people may express as a dangerous disease with symptoms resembling Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS]. In severe cases, this disease is more than a common cold and manifest as heart, and respiratory failure, acute respiratory syndrome, or even death [5]. Besides cognitive reduction in a stress state, the immune system is also greatly influenced by stress. Recent studies suggest immune system dysfunction will impose on people the development of addiction and also exacerbation of pre-existing addiction [6]. Certain immune cells in the brain such as astrocytes and microglia cells will be activated in the brain and result in the alternation of the brain environment. ..... ReadMore

Yi Zhang, Jiaqi Lv, Xiao Chen, Yulu Li, Haitao Yang, Qing Miao, Baolier Wuhan, Jingwei Xiao* and Binli*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000223

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Genetic toxicology assessment is an important part of the safety assessment of chemicals and pesticide products, and in-vitro model research instead of animal experiments has become an important direction of toxicology development [1]. In recent years, some new genotoxicity tests have been developed and gradually applied to toxicological safety assessment. Gene mutation analysis of PIG-A is a new genotoxicity detection method based on somatic cell gene mutation. This method saves manpower and material resources, and is more efficient and quick [2]. PIG-A gene encodes to form GPI, which is the catalytic subunit of N- acetylglucosamine transferase needed for biosynthesis in ankyrin. It is highly conserved in structure and function among different species. PIG-A gene is located on X chromosome, and a single mutation in its fragment can affec..... ReadMore

Jean Pierre Rifler*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000222

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

The rule of Saint Benedict [1] was created, according to tradition, by Benedict of Nursia from 534 AC. J-C. It was adopted and disclosed following the creation of the Order of Cîteaux, in 1098, by Etienne de Harding. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153 AC) will largely contribute to the dissemination of this rule which served as a model for the one he gave to the poor Children of Christ who became Templars. In rule 40: the measure of the drink; it is stated that one «hemin» of wine per day is sufficient for everyone. This hemin is an ancient Roman measure for liquids corresponding to 27 centiliters [2] that is the equivalent of the current 3 standard glasses considered acceptable daily consumption by the anti-alcoholic leagues. In fact, wine has always been part of the history of mankind, it is, according to the Bible, Noah who planted the..... ReadMore

Rogers Kasirye and Barbara Nakijoba*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000221

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Urban young people face a myriad of problems and during COVID 19 this may have worsened. This study examined the factors associated with suicide, victimization, and coping among youth living in the city and urban towns Uganda. Analyses are based on cross-sectional survey data, collected in 2020, of a convenient sample (n = 583) of rural and urban youth UYDEL beneficiaries of the DREAMS Project at different UYDEL safe spaces. Of the 583-youth interviewed, 21% reported experiencing suicidal ideation in their lifetime. Victimization was also high at 52%. Our findings shed more light on the unmet need of this vulnerable population. However, strategies that specifically seek to address, youth employment, parental factors, problem drinking a modifiable risk factor for suicidal ideation may be particularly warranted in this low-resource setting...... ReadMore

Rinat Cohen, Sivanie Shiran and Rami Tolmacz*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000220

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

There has been increased interest on the part of both organizations and the academy in the entitlement attitudes of employees. The vast majority of studies on employee entitlement have construed it as a unidimensional dispositional trait and have generally revealed strong correlations between sense of entitlement and negative workplace behaviors, suggesting significant implications for organizational outcomes. The goal of the current study was to develop and validate a self-report measure that views employees’ sense of relational entitlement toward their supervisors (SRE-es) as multifactorial. Findings indicated initial evidence of the validity of the SRE-es three-factor structure, reflecting employees’ adaptive (assertive) as well as pathological (restricted or exaggerated) attitudes regarding the assertion of their needs and rights ..... ReadMore

Ilma Robo*, Kristina Myftaraj and Saimir Heta

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000219

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Reaction at the biochemical level in the organism of the one who experiences it. This is the definition of the notion of fear which is experienced mainly as an individual emotional response reflected in the high level of expression of bodily reactions, of this feeling [1- 4]. Strong negative feelings towards dental treatment are expressed by patients as dental fear, regardless of whether or not the criteria for a diagnosis of dental phobia are met. Dental fear which can be aggravated and even pass to the level of dental phobia is a common occurrence in adults but more pronounced in children. Delays in dental treatment or ways to avoid dental treatment are the choices that children suffering from dental fear or dental phobia make instantly. Both delays and avoidance of dental treatment result in poor oral status for children with fears up ..... ReadMore

Mostafa Shaaban Kandil*, Wafik Said Bahnasy, Amr Adel Haiba, Gamal Taha Shamma and El-Sayed Abdel Hamid Gad

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000218

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Addiction is defined as a chronic relapsing neurobiological brain disease. The rate of drug addiction in Egypt is twice the global rate so working on the development of new preventive and treatment modalities is crucial. One of the most prevalent features of opioid addiction is the tendency to relapse on the drug even weeks, months or years after stoppage of opioid use. Exposures to stress or conditioned cues related to heroin abuse are distinct conditions that induce relapse. Craving (the intense desire to take a drug) is a central aspect of drug addiction and a contributing factor in relapse after period of abstinence. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that 40 to 60 % of people treated for substance use disorders relapse. For heroin, the numbers tend to be approximately twice that rate, 59% of which occurred within 1 week of ..... ReadMore

Diego G Flores, Harold Miller and Scott Steffensen*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000217

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) proposed that voluntary behavior is governed by the principle of hedonism, that is, an individual’s sole intrinsic good is the overall pursuit of pleasure. A hedonist strives to maximize net pleasure by minimizing pain. Utility theory, which is a cornerstone of the rational perspective of economics, is rooted in the hedonist principle. However, the psychology of Homo economicus-a rational and self-interested individual with relatively stable preferences-has been challenged by numerous psychologists and behavioral economists. The purpose of our research was to explore the effects of small monetary gains and losses on choice behavior using a computerized game and to determine gain/loss ratio differences using both behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. A prominent example of gain-loss asymmetry is..... ReadMore

Abdul Aziz*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000216

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

Today, almost all sectors of the world’s life, including the business sector, has experienced a drastic decline, both large-scale businesses and small businesses. Even though in the era of disruption (industry 4.0), which is accelerating the flow of information and technology seamlessly around the world, it is slowly but surely entering the era of society 5.0, experiencing new challenges, namely the global crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic that started in the city of Wuhan in China. Towards the end of 2020 until now the world order has drastically changed, the spread of Covid-19 has been evenly distributed throughout the world, all means and efforts to restore normalcy in all areas of life are taken, including Indonesia, starting with PSBB and now PPKM is carried out to restore uncontrollable conditions to normal control. as before. W..... ReadMore

Jevonte*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000215

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

The aim of this research was to compare general practitioners and specialist doctors’ empathy and cognitive flexibility levels along with their interpersonal relationship styles. Research participants involved 30 general practitioners working in family health centers and 30 specialists serving in state hospitals. Data were obtained via sociodemographic information form, Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Interpersonal Relationship Scale. Although empathy levels did not differ between specialists and practitioners, findings revealed specialists embraced more open, respectful, and less condescending interpersonal relations styles than practitioners. Relatedly, specialists’ cognitive flexibility-alternatives subscale scores were significantly higher than practitioners. While practitioners’ cognitive flexib..... ReadMore

Tiago Mendonçaa, Alessandro Cozzia, Eva Teruela, Manuel Mengolib, Philippe Monnereta and Patrick Pageata*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000214

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

The generalisation of responses to different stimuli depends on the ability to create associations between stimuli. Stimulus generalisation can be performed for different stimuli or for different contexts in which the same stimulus is perceived. This study investigated the stimulus-generalisation abilities of horses in different contexts. Sixteen horses were involved in this study. During the learning activity (LA), horses were given the chance to choose between two geometrical figures (a triangle and a circle) to obtain a food reward; the circle always corresponded to the correct choice. The rule was considered learned if a horse was correct more than 70% of the time and made 4 consecutive correct choices. Then, a generalisation test (GT) with ten devices (5 circles, 5 triangles) was created to test generalisation. Only eleven horses res..... ReadMore

James F Welles*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.05.000212

View abstract PDF Full text

Share

An arbitrarily based indifference if not hostility to those with good ideas underlines our pervasive stupidity in social relations. By contrast, the basis for our undeniable successes in matters technical become all the more obvious. If we could but apply scientific objectivity to the social domain, we might undercut our proclivity for individual and collective maladaptive behavior. This is well worth considering, if indeed our faith in science is justified and if the application of scientific analysis to human behavior would lead to a reduction in stupidity. Science, in the form of the social sciences, has already proved successful in helping people learn about themselves and their interactions with their institutions. It has also proved useless in providing any sort of ethic to direct the application of knowledge gained to any clear-cut..... ReadMore