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Hsin Yi Chen and Richard Lynn*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.04.000198

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For the last century it has been asserted by numerous scholars that males and females have the same average intelligence, e.g., Halpern [1]: “Females and males score identically on IQ tests”, [2] and “When it comes to intelligence, it has been convincingly established that there are no differences between the average woman and man”, and [3-8]. This consensus has been disputed [8-11]. And who has advanced the developmental theory of sex differences in intelligence that maintains that while there is no sex difference in young children and early adolescence, males begin to obtain higher average IQs than females in mid-adolescence increasing to 4-5 IQ points among adults. Some evidence for this theory has been provided [11,12]. The present paper examines these two theories with some Wechsler data in Taiwan. The data to be presented ar..... ReadMore

Zubairu Dagona Kwambo and Dennis Uba*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.04.000197

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The perception of clinical leadership being dislocated from everyday medical practice suggests that more must be done to explain the relevance of leadership to all health care practitioners. This study examined clinical leadership competence in professional healthcare management system: The role of self-esteem, extraversion, and interpersonal relationship among clinicians in Ondo and Lagos State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in the study. Four hypotheses were formulated for the study. A total of 412 clinicians across 3 Federal and 2 State hospitals, including 4 General hospitals and 3 Health centers in Lagos and Ondo States, Nigeria was sampled using accidental sampling technique. The participants comprised of 212 (51.5%) males and 200 (48.5%) females. The ages ranged from 24 to 58 with a mean of 38.19 years and SD..... ReadMore

Effie Heotis*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2021.04.000196

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Despite that pets play an important role in contemporary society; little is known about the inner world of adults who have close relationships with dogs. The researcher conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study to develop a better understanding of the lived experiences of adults who have close relationships with dogs as companions. Attachment theory served to illuminate on the cognitive and developmental aspects regarding relationships with dogs during adulthood. Interviews were conducted with 15 adult dog owners to gain insights into the inner world of dog owners who have close relationships with dogs. Essential elements constituting the regulation of negative emotions, facilitation of positive emotions, promotion of increased physical activity, enhancement of interpersonal socialization emerged as core themes to shed light on adul..... ReadMore

Keng Chuan Soh*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000189

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Stigma is one of the barriers that hinder people with mental illness from successfully engaging in treatment, which contributes to mental illness having a substantial global burden of disease. This review article examines the duality of the relationship between mental health professionals and stigma towards mental illness. Mental health professionals are subject to associative stigma by virtue of the people with mental illness whom they work with, which can bring about significant distress to the mental health professionals. Despite the need for a non-judgemental attitude for optimal engagement, Health care professionals are not immune from stigmatizing beliefs of their own. On top and above of anti-stigma initiatives with the general population in mind, healthcare workers have been prioritized as a target group for anti-stigma efforts. T..... ReadMore

Zewdu Girma*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000188

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This paper is a counseling case report of 15 sessions on a client who has been diagnosed with smoking cigarette from Kelem Worq Preparatory School. CO6 was an 18 -year-old grade 12th social stream student in Keleme Worq Preparatory School. CO6 was the second of the four children in his family. Assessment tools included a detailed interview and behavioral records. CO6 has been smoking cigarette since grade eight. At the time of counseling CO6 smoked five per day. CO6 drunk 4-6 glasses of beer occasionally, has done this for several years. Other than these drugs no other drug use reported. Many factors identified during the assessment were considered critical in accounting for the cause and persistence of CO6’s cigarette smoking [1,2]. Cognitive behavioral counseling was the theoretical framework that informed the case formulation. The co..... ReadMore

Fozia Anwar*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000187

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Current healthcare outcomes depend on the adoption of valid and latest research evidence and practicing evidence-based medicine (EBM). EBM is the process of adaptation of the finest available scientific research evidence into routine clinical practice. However, literature reports gap between actual and required clinical practice. This gap will not be bridged by just updating physicians about EBM. Therefore, it is required to study the motivational factors in a context to use technology in routine clinical practice as things behave differently under varying constraints. This study aimed to address this gap by investigating motivating factors to promote EBM, focusing mainly on developing country context. Innovation diffusion theory will be used to provide the basic or theoretical support for the research as this theory states that the adopt..... ReadMore

Muhammad Fahad Anwar, Fatima Riaz and Mehran Idris Khan*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000186

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According to common law-the legal dispensation system used in most countries across the world, including Pakistan-two fundamental components are required to prove the commission of a crime: firstly, actus reus and secondly mens rea. In general, the first of these two-the actus reus-is the physical act (or omission) of committing the crime. The second-mens rea-is the necessary intent to prove that the alleged perpetrator wanted to commit the crime. Besides, these demonstrate potential psychological impacts over the societies across the world, which is focused on this study. The study adopts qualitative means to examine the psychological implications of Juvenile delinquency in Pakistan and provide insightful understanding for the readers. Human nature a complex topic since the earlier ages. Factors, conditions, circumstances, helping in th..... ReadMore

Alicia Garcia Falgueras*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000185

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Many changes have occurred in our world in so many little time, as a novel situation that we all have had to cope with such as a sudden and unexpected pandemic. Psychological approaches such as skepticism, uncontrollability, new emotions to new stimuli, irrational thoughts or behaviors are some common consequences of the situation and we will elaborate them briefly in this text. Some basic clinical and medical explanations about the intermediate specie, common symptoms or possible brain affection are described in the text. With the perspective of a healthy future without viruses attacks, based on Scientific knowledge and the experience of producing laboratory experimental results.The global pandemic year 2020 has been a humanitarian challenge that affected everybody and has changed our lives and routines. Because of the sudden appearance,..... ReadMore

Tigran Haas*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000183

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One of the most influential place theories, or conceptual frameworks that deal with the framing, activation and management (as well as understanding) of the public realm, for which the coffee shop, bookstore, taverna, bistro, bakery, pub, etc. became a metonym, was the idea of the “Third Place”: a term that emerged to describe new social environments that were distinct from both home (the first place) and work (the second place) and which revolved around leisure, consumption and the desire for the social with a lesser emphasis on the community Banerjee Tridib [1], Oldenburg Ray [2]. The full vocabulary that thoughtful public realms, intragenerational and inclusive can offer, as prime public places, is a vivid example of Oldenburg’s third place theory (1999) which he centers round a place to which person(s) are drawn into some kind o..... ReadMore

Mohammadreza Shahidipak*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000182

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Islamic civilization formed in context of behavioral changing and explaining human behavior in many medieval teachings led to emergence of behavioral science and psychology. Present study proved scientific approach of Islamic civilization to human behavioral research that it has illustrated concept of science in Islamic civilization. The capital of this change in behavior of nations is emergence of human phenomena called Prophet’s everyday life. Writing daily life has been common issue of world civilizations since ancient times. This religious phenomenon of Prophetic usage effected on attitude, hygiene which explained in various schools of religious psychology and social psychology, including Gestalt school. The writing of life style of Prophet led to establishment science in Islamic civilization entitled Knowledge of everyday life o..... ReadMore

Cecil Allen* and Susan Thomas

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000181

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Learning is a mental feat that one must overcome especially with a subject that is difficult or if one dislikes. Learning a foreign language also presents its obstacles. Declarative memory and spatial recognition are the two types of memory recall within the hippocampus. Memory is a key aspect associated with language. As Instructors the delivery of materials and activities using short term memory stimulation is extremely important. Keywords: Cognition skills; Memory stimulation; It is human nature to have some level of apprehension or nervousness when taking on the journey of learning a new language. After all, learning anything, in itself, can be a challenge for many of us. Certainly, it takes effort and concentration. Learning is often seen as a definite mental feat that one must overcome, especially a subject or a concept that we ma..... ReadMore

Saeed Shoja Shafti*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000180

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During counseling or psychotherapeutic sessions, there are a lot of persons that introduce their partner as their absolute sweetheart and companion, while criticize them, as well, regarding their incompetence with respect to gratification or provision of anticipated sexual or romantic desires. Many of them may describe their partner as asexual, hypoactive or dishonest, while their own displeasure or jealousness may have root in a mismatch between sensual yearnings and spiritual longings. Now a question may arise that whether sex-object is equal to love-object, or they are unalike things with different intentions and tasks. Developmentally, while the sex-object may or may not be at the same time a love-object, the love-object cannot be anything except than an ultimate item derived from sex-drive, though in a more sublimated shape. If we s..... ReadMore

Saeed Shoja Shafti*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000179

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Recent pandemic of coronavirus has exposed that Homo sapiens is still very vulnerable against the microorganisms, which has been ascertained in the past over and over again with respect to different biological or ecological threats. Modern technology and advancements, while very effective and helpful, could only decline the morbidly and mortality due to various communicable or non-communicable causes, not eradicating it. Hence, fighting against existing biotic or natural threats demands an all-inclusive and all-purpose group effort and mutual aid, if it is supposed to be effective. In the present pandemic, compliance of physicians and medical staff regarding recommended protective maneuvers, like making use of mask or gloves, or obeying the recommended interpersonal distance, has the leading role, in this regard. Without such consideratio..... ReadMore

Saeed Shoja Shafti*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000178

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The most consistent finding across all of the studies on the prevalence and incidence of unipolar major depression is that it is approximately twofold more common among women than men. Although, during the last century psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychology had founded a lot of theories with respect to psychopathology, it should be accentuated that still no hypothetical points have been supported by methodical research. Evolutionary psychology and psychiatry is based on Darwin’s theory regarding evolution and sexual selection is a subtype of natural selection in which individuals compete for mates. While brains result in activities that maximize inclusive fitness, reproductive effort is to get mates, and to take care of offspring. Negative emotions exist only because they have been useful… for human genes, even if not always fo..... ReadMore

Manuela Julietta Amorin* and Desmond Ayim Aboagye

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000177

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Peer pressure is one thing that every individual is vulnerable to and has faced before at some point in their lives. It is becoming a serious health problem, especially for adolescents as well as concerned parents because, though not all peer pressure leads to health-related concerns or is negative, most are that need curbing, or treatment. Thus, NGOs, youth organizations, social welfare as well as parents, are looking for different ways to tackle this health-related issue in society. This research investigated locus of control on vulnerability to peer pressure in the African context. A survey was conducted using 144 adolescents from 2 Senior High Schools in Ghana with ages ranging from 15 to 19 years old. The following data collection instruments were used: Informed consent, Demographic data which used to group the students into categori..... ReadMore

Chi-Cheng Chang* and Meng-Chen Tsai

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.04.000176

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The theoretical framework of knowledge management system (KMS) was used to examine the effect of organizational climate and knowledge transfer on learning transfer, and the moderating effects of organizational climate on the influence of knowledge transfer in learning transfer. The participants were 335 EMBA students. Hierarchical regression was employed for confirming the research model. The results showed that organizational climate and knowledge transfer had a significantly positive effect on learning transfer; organizational climate had a significantly positive effect on knowledge transfer; and organizational climate had a positive moderating effect on the influence of knowledge transfer in learning transfer. This study extended the KMS model to include the moderating effect of organizational climate, which was the main contribution o..... ReadMore

Salem Bouomrani*, and Ines Masmoudi

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.03.000175

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Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is the most frequent connective tissue disease but remains very underdiagnosed. Psychiatric manifestations are classified among the central neurological disorders of pSS, and their prevalence is variously estimated according to the series and the recruitment services: 20-70% of cases. They may be the predominant manifestations of the disease, but pSS remains an underestimated cause of neuropsychiatric disorders. The inaugural psychiatric presentations of this disease are exceptional and represent a real diagnostic challenge for clinicians. We report an original observation of depression as an initial and isolated manifestation revealing neuro-Sjögren ina 60-year-old woman. Only a few similar sporadic cases were previously reported in the world literature. As rare as it is, this clinical presentation o..... ReadMore

Saeed Shoja Shafti*, Alireza Memarie, Masomeh Rezaie and Behjat Rahimi

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.03.000174

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Introduction: Comorbidity between mental disorders and physical illnesses is the rule rather than the exception. Approaches to study the impact of comorbidity become challenging also due to lack of consensus about how to define and measure the concept of comorbidity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical profile of medical comorbidity among a group of local chronic elderly schizophrenic patients to see their prevalence and physiognomies.Methods: while geriatric section of Razi psychiatric hospital had been selected as the field of investigation, all elderly schizophrenic patients, who have been hospitalized there for lifelong, had been selected as accessible sample and surveyed with respect to recorded checkups and comorbid medical diagnoses. Psychiatric diagnosis was in essence based on..... ReadMore

Júlio César André*

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.03.000173

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In the context of contemporary health sciences education, one expects that the practicing conduct of health professionals presents positive attitudes towards the patient. However, what can be observed is a growing decline in humanistic values on the part of future health professionals, associated with an increased loss of idealism and empathy, increased skepticism, loss of feelings of accomplishment and satisfaction with the professional choice. One expects the future professional to follow socially accepted patterns guided by ethics, and favorable to the development of the professional-patient relationship, thus contributing to a good interposition in the health-disease process [1]. The technical domain is crucial to save lives but insufficient to maintain quality of life and avoid illness. The challenge, therefore, lies in an adequate..... ReadMore

Kirichenko Alexander V*, Reznichenko Alexander V and Ranepa Zhuk Igor A

DOI : 10.32474/SJPBS.2020.03.000172

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An approach to the creation of information technology model of education at the University with the use of artificial intelligence elements is considered.One of the main arguments in favor of the priority role of education in the coming XXI century is the development of scientific and technological progress and global technologization of the advanced countries of the world community. The ongoing global process of formation of a new highly automated information environment of society creates unprecedented opportunities for human development, more effective solutions to its many professional, economic, social and everyday problems. However, only those members of society who possess the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the new information space will be able to use these opportunities. All this is closely related to the level of d..... ReadMore