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Mette Pedersen*, Christian F Larsen

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000237

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Introduction: A cohort of high-speed videoendoscopies was evaluated for usability for deep learning. The aim of our study was to find the percentage of our high-speed videos (15.732) that could be used for deep learning (AI). A screening of the material showed that some videos had artefacts, making them non usable for deep learning.Material: A randomization was made with Wolfram Alpha random number generator selecting between 15.732 videos from 7.909 patients. The various non usable videos are described including the rear parts of the vocal folds not seen, the epiglottis or uvula blocking vision, parts of the vocal folds not seen, no vibration of the vocal folds, persistent constricted larynx, picture taken from an oblique angle, the front part of the vocal folds not seen, and parts of the arytenoid region not seen.Me..... ReadMore

Maria da Gloria Canto de Sousa*, Giselle dos Santos de Almeida and Lynn Alves

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000236

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Objective: To verify the effectiveness of the use of gamified elements in the Dizziness Kids application, based on the analysis of the results obtained by the patients’ performance, interactivity, and productivity.Methodology: This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach, consisting of a convenience sample of twelve male and female children up to 12 years old with the symptom of dizziness. The sample was divided into 2 groups: Study Group, composed of 6 children who were submitted to the stimuli of the Dizziness App Kids and Control Group, composed of 6 children who interacted with the Dizziness App version.Results: Therapy through the Dizziness Kids App made it possible to reduce the score on the DHI-CA / SF questionnaire, improve the symptoms and quality of life of the children studied.Conclusion: The inclusio..... ReadMore

Oluyomi Samuel Ayodele*, David Adekunle Dunmade and Emmanuel Foluwasayo

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000235

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Introduction: Tinnitus is a common irritating symptom. Tinnitus functional index (TFI) and measurements of tinnitus match are useful tools for evaluating tinnitus impact. This study aimed at comparing the hearing thresholds to the Quality of life (QoL) of tinnitus patients.Methodology: Clinical assessment, Pure tone audiometry (PTA), and QoL assessment were carried out. The data gathered from the study were evaluated and results were interpreted. Results: The mean age of tinnitus subjects was 51.7 years. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. Higher number of subjects experienced chronic tinnitus. High frequency and the tinnitus loudness above 15dB were the highest among them. The association between the QoL assessment and tinnitus loudness match (TLM) was statistically significant. Similarly, there was positive correlation betwee..... ReadMore

Heloisa dos Santos*, André Marcondes Braga Ribeiro and Eduardo Nóbrega

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000234

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Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) requires a multidisciplinary approach and frequently concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) as a definitive or adjuvant treatment. Oral mucositis (OM) affects 80% of patients receiving radiation treatment and about half of the patients receiving CRT experience severe grade 3-4 mucositis. Severe mucositis results in high hospitalization rates and treatment interruptions, which can negatively affect treatment outcomes. The local tumor control rate may be reduced by 0.5 to 1% for each day of unplanned interruption in radiation treatment. Severe late toxicity occurs in about 43% of patients receiving CRT. Careful selection of patients for concurrent chemotherapy with attention to detailed assessment and aggressive supportive care is..... ReadMore

Priyanka Bhateja*, Vidhya Karivedu, Dukagjin M Blakaj and Marcelo Bonomi

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000233

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Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) requires a multidisciplinary approach and frequently concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) as a definitive or adjuvant treatment. Oral mucositis (OM) affects 80% of patients receiving radiation treatment and about half of the patients receiving CRT experience severe grade 3-4 mucositis. Severe mucositis results in high hospitalization rates and treatment interruptions, which can negatively affect treatment outcomes. The local tumor control rate may be reduced by 0.5 to 1% for each day of unplanned interruption in radiation treatment. Severe late toxicity occurs in about 43% of patients receiving CRT. Careful selection of patients for concurrent chemotherapy with attention to detailed assessment and aggressive supportive care is..... ReadMore

Xindi He and Ying Wang*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000232

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Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world with increasing prevalence, affects the patient’s quality of life and increases the familial and socioeconomic burden. But the exact etiology of allergic rhinitis remains unclear, many studies have demonstrated that Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. TLRs, known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), are the crucial components of the innate immune system and express either on the cell membrane or in the endolysosomal compartments. TLRs play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Each TLR recognizes respective ligand, then recruit a kind of adaptor molecules and initiate downstream signaling events. The signal transduction pathways through TLR are also involved in the pathogenesis of allergic ..... ReadMore

Rahalkar M D*, Anand M Rahalkar

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000231

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Selected images of trachea and larynx are presented. These are shown as congenital, acquired (infection, Laryngeal diverticula, Tumours, Extrinsic lesions causing tracheal compression, Jugular fossa causing paralysis of larynx and Tracheo-esophageal fistula...... ReadMore

Afshan Fathima*, Rehna Mohamed, Havva Hanana, Sandeep Jain AM and B Viswanatha

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000230

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Introduction: Thyroid swellings are commonly encountered endocrine disorders. These disorders can be evaluated by thyroid function tests, ultrasonography (USG), fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), computed tomography (CT scan), histopathology etc. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid swellings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of both ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology were evaluated and correlated with the histopathology diagnosis.Materials & Methodology: 70 consecutive patients presenting with thyroid swellings were thoroughly examined in the department of otorhinolaryngology and details were documented. The patients were subjecte..... ReadMore

Milan Modi, Sham ME, Suresh Menon, Veerendra Kumar, Archana S and Dhanush CV*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000229

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Purpose: Current advances in equipment technology have offered us with tremendous advantage in performing various surgeries. Among these is the Colorado electro micro-dissection needle. Although use of electro surgery dates back to 1909 when it was first used to fulgratetumors, to 1926 when “Cushing” first introduced it in neurosurgery. Its use to open skin has been rejected or reserved in past for fear of delayed wound healing or infection. Currently there is enough literature and evidence to support favorable use of electro-cautery as a complete or partial substitution to cold steel, in terms of operative blood loss, post-operative pain and surgical scar.Materials and Method: This study clinically evaluated the safety and efficacy of Colorado micro dissection needle over cold steel in skin incis..... ReadMore

Osama Bakheet and Salwa Samir Anter*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000228

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Flexible endoscopy was used in examination cervix lesion the first was studied by Nishiyama et al was reported the used of endoscopy for diagnosing cervical neoplasms. The second study of K Uchita et al. study feature findings of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or more on magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging Trichomoniasis is a common, worldwide, urogenital infection with Trichomoniasis vaginalis. It is a frequent cause of symptomatic vaginitis and a less common cause of nongonococcal urethritis in this study correlation were done by laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis with endoscopy finding...... ReadMore

Abdullahi Musa Kirfi*, Mohammed Bello Fufore, Oladeji Raheem Quadri, Musa Emmanuel, Aliyu Mohammed Kodiya and Onyekwere George Benjamin Nwaorgu

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000227

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Background: Prisoners are prone to many diseases and their complications. In most countries, prisoners are neglected, so also their ear health. This study aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of wax impaction among inmates of a prison in Kaduna Nigeria.Participants and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of prison inmates at the Kaduna convict prison and a control population. All consented inmates aged 18 – 55years in the Kaduna convict prison were enrolled. Equal number of controls matched for age and gender were enrolled from the communities in Kaduna North Local Government. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Participants had thorough physical examination of the ear as well as otoscopy to assess the external auditory canal for presence of impacted wax. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS)..... ReadMore

Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.06.000226

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Population as a global variable has sociologically witnessed a great change since 1950, during which population quantitatively changed status; increased and aged...... ReadMore

Paula Saidi* and Nerea Ortega Castro

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.05.000225

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Difficulty in speech discrimination is a major complaint among post lingually deafened adults, which are cochlear implant (CI) users. Consequently, it is important to study the factors that offer positive post-operative outcomes in order to get the most out of this technology. Thus, many clinicians tend to orient the implanted toward the auditory training program with the aim of teaching them to make perceptual distinctions about sounds that are presented systematically. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to examine the influence of aural rehabilitation on post lingually deafened cochlear implant users’ speech recognition with an eye towards reaching its full potential. A total of 20 articles was used in this review, chosen from PubMed, Science Direct, semantic scholar, international journal of audiology, and journal of speech..... ReadMore

Garima Rawat*, Hema Malini Aiyer and Anshuman Kumar

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.05.000224

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Primary mucosal malignant melanoma of oral cavity is a rare malignancy arising from the melanocytes. Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck comprise just over 1% of all melanomas and of these about 50% arise in the oral cavity. Oral mucosal melanomas are therefore rare, representing about 0.5% of oral malignancies and less than 0.01% of all oral biopsies. It tends to metastasize and locally invade tissues more than other malignant tumours of the oral cavity. It occurs commonly in the maxillary gingiva more frequently on the palate and lesser often in the mandibular gingiva. Here, we present a case of a mucosal malignant melanoma involving the maxillary bone along with the immunohistochemical profile of the neoplasm...... ReadMore

Asil Ergin*, Mehmet Ziya Özüer and Levent Olgun

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.05.000223

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Introduction: In this study which was achieved at Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, identifying the sensitivity and reliability of round window electrocochleographic records on children during cochlear implantation and investigating the applicability of the method on particularly problematic patient groups was aimed. Material and Methods: In this study, the golf-club electrode was placed on the round window niche during cochlear implantation of 30 patients after posterior tympanotomy. Then click stimulus was given by TDH 39 headphones over the speculum which was placed in the external ear canal and the responses that obtained from the stimuli were recorded with Medelec Snergy Amplifier device. The round window ECoG records which were obtained from these 30 patients were compared with the preoperative ABR results. Round window ..... ReadMore

Periklis Giannakis, Anatoli Pataridou* and Melpomeni Fetta

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.05.000222

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Primary Laryngeal Lymphoma is rare both as a hematological and as a laryngeal malignancy. Unlike squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas require chemo-radiotherapy as 1st-line treatment. A 67-year-old lady presented with voice hoarseness, dyspnea and dysphagia for solids. An otherwise unremarkable physical showed “hot-potato like” voice. Labs were normal, while laryngoscopy and CT revealed an epiglottic mass, which was resected. Biopsy results showed DLBCL. The patient then underwent chemotherapy with complete success. Voice hoarseness has a vast differential diagnosis depending on its character and complementary symptoms. Less than a 100 cases of Primary Laryngeal Lymphoma have been reported in the literature, proving the rarity of this clinical entity...... ReadMore

Abhishek M*, Bandiahanapalya Narasappa Yogesh, Borlingegowda Viswanatha, Harshavardhan Annigeri and Sahana Raju

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.05.000221

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Background: Loss of smell and taste are considered potential discriminatory symptoms indicating triaging for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and early case identification. However, the estimated prevalence essential to guide public health policy varies in published literature.Methods: The prospective study evaluated 100 individuals with a COVID-19 infection, as confirmed by Real-Time PCR laboratory testing. Olfactory and gustatory testing were carried out by an examiner utilizing stringent safety standards and wearing full personal protective equipment.Results: Among the 100 patients included in this study, 54% were male and 46% were female with a mean age of 38.82±12.21 years (18-72). Among the 100 patients included in this study, 13 patients had isolated taste dysfunction, 16 patients had isolated olfactory dysfuncti..... ReadMore

Harshavardhan Annigeri, Bandiahanapalya Narasappa Yogesh*, Borlingegowda Viswanatha, Anudeep C kode and Monisha R

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.05.000220

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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) an infectious disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. Oropharyngeal manifestations like mucositis, glossitis, pharyngitis, tonsillar enlargement associated with COVID19 show inconsistency in their presentations. Hence the study aims at the early identification and better management of the oropharyngeal manifestations. Aims and Objectives: This study is to detect, analyze and to determine the prevalence of the different oropharyngeal manifestations reported in COVID19 positive patients. Materials: Patients who are diagnosed with COVID 19 using RT-PCR method, were assessed for symptoms and signs of orophary..... ReadMore

Architha Menon P*, Rehna Mohamed, Vidhya Chemmanchery, Soumya Vedavyasa and Borlingegowda Viswanatha

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2020.05.000219

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Introduction: Vocal cord paralysis is the total interruption of nerve impulse resulting in absence of laryngeal muscle movement. The most common type of vocal cord paralysis found is due to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. The pathology can be either along the course of the tenth cranial nerve from cerebral cortex to neuromuscular junction or could be from mechanical fixation of cricoarytenoid joint.Objective: To study the various etiological factors contributing to vocal cord paralysis.Materials and methods: Patients with vocal cord paralysis [unilateral and bilateral] who were treated at a tertiary institute for a period of 3 years were included. The immobility of cords was assessed with the use of indirect laryngoscopy via mirror or rigid angled telescopy or flexible laryngoscopy. The patients were categorized based on laterality of p..... ReadMore

Viswanatha Borlingegowda*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2020.05.000218

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Chronic suppurative otitis media is a common problem in developing countries. Complications due to chronic suppurative otitis media still pose a major problem in the developing countries. In cases of chronic suppurative otitis media associated with complications, after managing the complications, mastoid exploration should be done to remove the primary source of infection. Planning of mastoid exploration play an important role in the management. Here the management of primary Otogenic septic foci, after the management of extracranial and intracranial is discussed...... ReadMore