Lupine Publishers Group

Tobias Paulus* and Nasreddin Abolmaali

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000285

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Nasal bleeding is a common condition and if treatment is necessary at all treated successfully by the otolaryngologist. In some patients however treatment is not possible by the otolaryngologist alone. In these cases, interventional radiology provides a safe and highly successful treatment option...... ReadMore

Mariapaola Guidi* and Franco Trabalzini

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000284

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Background: Mondini malformation is a birth defect with a shortened inner ear with only one and a half cochlear turns which can be treated with cochlear implant (CI). A new generation of modiolar electrodes are designed to precisely fit in the curved space of the cochlea. Case Presentation: A 21-month-old boy affected by Mondini malformation and congenital bilateral profound hearing loss underwent to CI surgery and fitted with a curved modiolar electrode. Conclusions: Pre, intra and post-operative impedance measurements were taken with a Cochlear™ Nucleus® CI 532 electrode. Progress was satisfactory and even exceeding the many similar reported cases of straight electrode fittings...... ReadMore

Ayaki Tanaka* and Osamu Hotta

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000283

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Intranasal Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation (INSPGS), which mechanically stimulates the sphenopalatine ganglion with a cotton swab from the nose, was performed in 7 cases of Long COVID (LC). In the evaluation report by Visual Analogue Scale, improvements were recognized in all or part of the symptoms in all 7 cases. INSPGS might be effective as a treatment for LC, and its possible mechanism might be similar to SPG electrical stimulation, i.e., that of cerebrovascular collateral vasodilation, stabilization of blood-brain barrier, direct neuroprotection, and enhanced brain plasticity. The mechanical Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) stimulation by INSPGS might physiologically block the parasympathetic efferent, therefore turning off the efferent pathway of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex. INSP..... ReadMore

Moncada G*, Ahumada D, Arévalo V, De Calisto J, Moncada X and Gonzalez S

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000282

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Aim: The objective of the present study was to identify and compare the microbiomes of healthy and caries disease in dental surface from Chilean adults.Materials and Methods: A total of 56 site-specific supragingival biofilm samples were collected from 14 patients recruited of both sexes (18-35 years old); of them, n=5 was caries free and n=9 was caries active (ICDAS 1-3). Biofilms were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Sample microbiotas were compared at Genus and Family levels. Results: Proportion of Streptococcus decreased in healthy patients while Veillonella increased in caries-active patients. Streptococcus population decreasing was related to the increasing of Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Leptotrichia, Capnocitophaga, Provetella and Campilobacter in healthy patients. The increasing of Streptoc..... ReadMore

Einav G Levin*, Gideon Bachar and Uri Alkan

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000281

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Angioleiomyoma is a benign vascular neoplasm that rarely occurs in the head and neck, particularly the oropharynx. This report aimed to highlight a rare case of tongue-base angioleiomyoma excised by transoral robotic surgery (TORS). A rare case report of angioleiomyoma of the tongue base in a 72-year-old man who presented with hoarseness, muffled voice, and stridor. Preoperative endovascular embolization was performed owing to the high vascularity of the lesion, followed by TORS using the da Vinci Robotic System. The tumor was excised completely with minimal complications. There were no signs of local recurrence during the follow-up period. Tongue-base angioleiomyoma poses treatment challenges owing to its vascularity and difficult location. We suggest that the appropriate treatment of tongue-base angioleiomyoma should consist of ..... ReadMore

Khaled Mohamed Bofares*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000280

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Lingual thyroid (LT) gland is a rare clinical entity which was found to occur due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend to its normal cervical location during embryogenesis. The presence of an ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue may present with symptoms like dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction or even hemorrhage at any time from infancy through adulthood...... ReadMore

Javad Rahmati, Hosseinali Abdolrazaghi, Shahriar Haddady Abianeh and Hojjat Molaei*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000279

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Background: BCC and SCC are common facial skin cancers may need motor nerves` sacrifice to have safe margin. This surgery results in non-functional frontalis muscle and brow ptosis. There are several solutions to save facial symmetry. Here, we present our experiences in prophylactic brow fixation. Patients and methods: 11 patients who had BCC or SCC in lateral brow region and expected to lose their temporal nerve during cancer surgery, entered a descriptive study. During procedure after tumor resection with safe margin including temporal nerve, brow fixation was done by permanent sutures to orbital rim and reconstruction of skin defect was done. Demographic and intra-operative evaluations were recorded and analyzed. Results: 3 women and 8 men underwent surgery. 4 SCC and 7 BCC were resected. BCCs were mostly infiltrative..... ReadMore

Youngah Choi*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000278

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COVID-19 : SARS-CoV-2 a) The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) is an RNA virus. b) Genetically located within the genus Beta coronavirus. c) Beta coronavirus uses a glycoprotein (spike protein). d) This spike protein binds to angiotensin –converting enzyme 2(ACE 2) receptor...... ReadMore

Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000277

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The three variables of health, safety and security are highly related with each other. The positive relationship of the three causes the increase in quality of life. The developed world started improving/ reforming the above- mentioned variables earlier. That is why they reached higher quality of life much earlier than the developing world. Education, science, and technology are the factors impacting and improving health, safety and security in general. In other words, quality of life to a large extent ensures and promotes the social health of the citizens. While social health being a relative process, at the same time, the nations that invested in social, economic, welfare and other similar sectors, have higher social health than other societies. One of the principal goals of social health is to achieve a higher quality of li..... ReadMore

Waqas Jamil*, Farah Naz and Mark Simmons

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.08.000276

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The novel strain of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in late December 2019, has been found to be both highly infectious and virulent [1]. To the present day, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 244 million people and caused nearly 5 million deaths worldwide [2]. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 strain causing the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the worldwide healthcare sector to face unusual clinical challenges in terms of caring for the patients while protecting the healthcare workers from catching the virus. Otolaryngologists are one of the most vulnerable and susceptible among the health professionals, with a higher risk of becoming infected with the coronavirus whilst conducting daily routine surgical and outpatient procedures due to exposure to the viruscarrying anatomical sites such as nasal mucosa, nasopharynx and oropharynx. Rationale W..... ReadMore

Petrov SM*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.07.000275

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The frequency range (FR) of the cochlear implantation (CI) system, i.e., the frequency range processed by the implant is one of the main parameters of the CI speech processor. To solve the issue of setting optimal FR boundaries, it is necessary to consider how the speech (acoustic) signal is processed by CI, what and how the CI patient hears as a result of processing and to correlate the perceived signal with the spectral characteristics of speech. Let’s briefly consider how the CI processes an acoustic signal. At each moment of time, the speech signal has a certain instantaneous (momentary) spectrum. This instantaneous spectrum within the boundaries of the FR of the implant is divided in the speech processor into a limited number of frequency bands of different (defined) widths in accordance with the number of electrodes (in different ..... ReadMore

Sphoorthi Basavannaiah*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2022.07.000274

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Here, is this patient who consults the ENT outpatient department on a regular basis with this huge swelling over the nape of the neck since 6 months. The growth was initially small in size (smaller than a lemon, now to have attained more than the size of the orange roughly) about 2 years back but has begun increasing in its size over a period of 6 months now. He also gives history of foul-smelling discharge along with peeling of skin from over the growth. There is pain on head and neck movements, heaviness around the neck, disturbances while sleeping and difficulty in taking shower. Patient has consulted at various places and tried his hands at various modes of treatment, with no symptomatic relief and barely satisfactory results. Patient ended up at this Tertiary care hospital on somebody’s suggestion regarding good facilities and trea..... ReadMore

Chong Kim, Jeffrey N James, Rafik Abdelsayed, Caroline Glessner, Kyle B Frazier and Andrew C Jenzer*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000273

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Macroglossia is the abnormal enlargement of the tongue with significant disproportionate appearance to other structures in the mouth. Macroglossia may be categorized as either primary (i.e., muscular enlargement) or secondary. Secondary macroglossia is related to, or associated with, neoplastic processes, metabolic or endocrine disorders, or syndromic conditions [1-4]. Examples of underlying disease processes causing secondary macroglossia are vascular malformations (such as hemangioma or lymphangioma) and myxedema due to hypothyroidism [1,3]. Macroglossia can also occur secondary to amyloidosis [5]. The intent of this article is to report on the case of a 43-year-old female who presented with enlarged, firm, and scalloped tongue secondary to amyloidosis related to multiple myeloma. Case Description A 43-year-old African American female p..... ReadMore

Lekassa P*, Miloundja J, Manfoumbi Ngoma AB, Ella Ondo Thimoté, Nzenze SAM, Atsame Gonzalves A, Mwanyombet L and Nzouba L

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000272

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Middle ear cholesteatoma is defined by the presence in the cavities of the middle ear of a keratinized squamous epithelium with the potential for desquamation, migration and erosion [1,2]. It is dangerous and serious because of its progressive and extensive risks and its complications which can be life-threatening [1,2]. A rock scan is the gold standard that shows the extent of the cholesteatoma and its possible complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on the other hand, plays a key role in the detection of postoperative recurrences. The recent use of otendoscopy and MRI makes it possible to better identify the extensions of cholesteatoma before and after surgery. The objective of this work was to study the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of chronic cholesteatomata’s otitis media. Materials and Methods This was ..... ReadMore

M Tarhun Yosunkaya*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000271

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Vocal cord nodules are mostly seen in women and the etiology is based on vocal mucosal trauma due to bad, misuse and excessive use of voice [1,2]. Personality traits and voice usage characteristics related to emotional state are also factors that contribute to the development of vocal cord nodules [3,4]. Dysphonia caused by vocal cord nodules can cause emotional and mental tension in people’s lives and also disrupt social communication. Voice is a highly sensitive instrument that is quickly affected by emotional changes. The stress and anxiety that occur when individuals cope with problems leads to a high level of tension in the laryngeal muscles. This use of the voice also causes vocal nodules [5]. Symptoms of psychological disorders such as stress and anxiety are also common in patients with vocal cord nodules [6,7]. There are two com..... ReadMore

P Shanmuga Sundaram* and Subramanyam Padma

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000270

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There is evidence of increasing thyroid cancers worldwide especially in the last three decades. Rising incidence and higher detection rates of DTC is attributed to the expanding use of imaging techniques, biopsy procedures like fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and medical surveillance in the detection of small, subclinical PTCs [1]. Conventionally, 3–4 weeks after total thyroidectomy, a low dose (diagnostic) 131 I scintigraphy is performed to assess the presence of residual thyroid tissue and also to quantify the amount of remnant tissue either by thyroid uptake method or by planar imaging. In the presence of residual thyroid tissue, patients undergo 131 I ablation and 131 I therapy is the term used when higher doses are used to treat metastatic foci. During the process of WBI scan and high dose 131 I treatment in post thyroidectomy setting..... ReadMore

P Shanmuga Sundaram* and Subramanyam Padma

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000269

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Radio iodine (I 131) is popularly called as a ‘magic bullet’ due to its maximum tumoricidal action (with least side effects) over thyroid remnant as well as in metastatic deposits in postoperative settings of Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). However, for undifferentiated and rare squamous cell thyroid cancers, different treatment option has been described which include surgery, che-motherapy and radiation with poor outcomes. Orally administered I 131 is maximally beneficially in thyrocytes concentrating I 131. Its targeted tumoricidal action is based on the crossfire effect arising from the 606 kilo electron volts beta irradiation that it exerts on thyrocytes. We present a case of an elderly lady with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. Patient underwent total thyroidectomy, nodal clearance, and extensive tumour debulking followe..... ReadMore

Adam Sonnenberg, David Wilson, Alexa Kozak and Kenneth M Grundfast*

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000268

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Objectives: More gadolinium enhanced MRI (MRI) scan are likely being requested than are necessary in the work up for Ves-tibular Schwannoma. There are many reasons why otolaryngologists have such a low threshold for requesting MRI scans but there likely are factors that can be used to better determine which patients with asymmetric SNHL are more or less likely to have a ves-tibular schwannoma.Study Design: A retrospective chart review of patients with hearing loss was conducted to better understand the signs and symptoms that raise or lower suspicion of a vestibular schwannoma.Setting: This study was conducted at Boston University’s School of Medicine.Methods: Medical records (EMR) of 2899 patients who had audiology test results that met widely accepted criteria for diag-nosis of SNHL or were labelled as having ASNHL ..... ReadMore

Shivani Bagade, Sharda Dhadse* and Purushottam Sakhare

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000267

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Firecrackers or fireworks in worldwide are used to celebrate various events, festivals, and ceremonies. These beautiful spar-kling firecrackers are packets of dangerous pollutants which not only release dangerous gases on bursting but also produce enor-mous sound which is harmful for the human as well as animals. The vibrations caused by the sound can damage the ear and in the worst-case scenario may lead to loss of hearing ability. Besides auditory effects there are other effects like insomnia, headache, hypertension, myocardial infarction (commonly known as heart attack), etc. In this mini review some adverse effects of the fire-crackers are discussed based on previous research and observations in support of the rules and regulations for controlling noise pollution in India...... ReadMore

Salem Farhat, Abdulbaset Naas, Amal Abusreweel and Najwan Enbaya

DOI : 10.32474/SJO.2021.07.000266

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Choanal atresia is a rare congenital abnormality. It occurs in 1:5000 – 1:8000 births [1]. Bilateral choanal atresia is an emergency situation and the airway needs to be secured immediately to save the newborn baby+ life. Surgical repair should be planned as soon as possible [2]. Both genders are affected and male to female ratio is 1:2, with 29% of cases are bony and 71% are mixed bony and membranous [3]. Unilateral choanal atresia is more common than bilateral type ( 65-75% of patients have unilateral). Different approaches have been described in the literature. The trans-nasal approach (endoscopic, microscopic, or blind puncture). Curved and straight urethral sounds have been used for puncturing. Endoscopic technique (tans-nasal or trans-palatal) with or without powered instrument offers excellent visualization in removing bony choan..... ReadMore