Prosaposin and Its Receptors, GRP37 and GPR37L1, Protects Neurons Against In Vivo Neuropathological Disorders Volume 5 - Issue 1

Hiroaki Nabeka¹*, Gao Hui-ling², Xuan Li³, Chen Li³, Hiroyuki Wakisaka⁴, Joji Kunihiro¹, Kana Unuma⁵, Miho Taniguchi¹, Yuki Nakabayashi⁶, Md. Sakirul Islam Khan¹, Tetsuya Shimokawa¹, Farzana Islam¹, Shouichiro Saito⁷, Fumihiko Hamada⁸, Naoto Kobayashi⁹ and Seiji Matsuda¹

• ¹Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
• ²College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
• ³Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
• ⁴Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon, Ehime, Japan
• ⁵Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
• ⁶Department of Forensic Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
• ⁷Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
• ⁸Department of Human Anatomy, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
• ⁹Department of Medical Education Center, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan

Received: December 08, 2020;   Published:December 22, 2020

Corresponding author: Hiroaki Nabeka, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan

DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2020.05.000202

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Abstract

Prosaposin (PSAP) is both a precursor protein of saposin A–D and a neuroprotective factor. In response to neuropathological disorders such as ischemia, neurotoxins, and nerve transection, PSAP is up-regulated such that both PSAP immunoreactivity and PSAP mRNA levels in neurons increase significantly. PSAP and an 18-mer peptide (PS18) derived from its neurotrophic region were shown to significantly protect damaged neurons. Meyer et al. [1] characterized the PSAP receptors GPR37 and GPR37L1, both of which are involved in neuronal protection, although their expression and their interactions with PSAP have not been fully elucidated (see the review of Smith [2]). However, the increased expression of PSAP and its receptors in damaged neurons and the surrounding glia points to a role for these proteins in protecting damaged cells in the nervous system. This mini-review examines the neuro- and glio-protective functions of PSAP and its receptors, based mainly on data from neuropathological in vivo models. Additional information can be found in the review by Meyer et al. [3].

Keywords: Prosaposin; Neuroprotection; Kainic Acid; Parkinsonism; Nerve Transection; Dystrophin-Deficient Mdx

Abstract| PSAP Protects Against Ischemic Damage| PSAP Rescues Neurons from Damage Induced by Neurotoxic Agents| PSAP Shows Neuro- and Glio-Protection After Nerve Transection| PSAP and Its Receptors in the Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG)| Decreased PSAP Expression in A Duchene Muscular Dystrophy Model| Decreased PSAP Expression in the Lacrimal Glands of Adult Female Mice| References|