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Lawrence Chukwuka Edomwonyi-Out*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.03.000154

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The present investigation deals with the determination of the physio-chemical properties of two commercial grade samples of local gums (Gum Arabic and Natural Rubber Latex (NRL)). The results revealed that the gum samples have high melting point that indicate thermal stability at room and moderate temperatures. The gum samples have about 95 % carbohydrate content and a corresponding high internal energy and can serve as a source of energy. The rheology of the samples revealed shear-thickening characteristics with gum Arabic being thixotropic and pseudo-plastic in nature while NRL was observed to be anti-thixotropic and rheopectic. Further results from the moisture absorption, contact angle and Fourier Transform Infrared Radioscopy (FTIR) analyses gave better insight into their hydroscopic behaviours. Gum Arabic has excellent water a..... ReadMore

Styrkas AD*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.03.000153

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Study focuses on the basis of knowledge the mechanism of the process βSn  αSn for use it to analysis of important material for science and technology. The possibility of ultra-high purity Sn to analyse by measuring the rate (V) of the allotropic changing (V βSn  αSn) is investigated..... ReadMore

Yan Zhang*, DeShui Yu, JianPing Zhou, DaQian Sun and Hong Mei Li

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.03.000152

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Laser welding of TC4 Ti alloy to NiTi alloy has been applied using pure Cu as an interlayer. Mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile tests. Based on avoiding the formation of Ti-Ni intermetallics in the joint, three welding processes for Ti alloy-NiTi alloy joint were introduced. The joint was formed while the laser was acted on the Cu interlayer. Experimental results showed that Cu interlayer was helping to decrease the Ti-Ni intermetallics by forming Ti-Cu phases in the weld. The average tensile strength of the joint was 216 MPa...... ReadMore

Christos Beretas*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.03.000151

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Cyber hybrid warfare has been known since antiquity; it is not a new terminology nor a new practice. It can have an effect even more than a regular conventional war. The implementation of the cyber hybrid war aims to misinform, guide and manipulate citizens, disorganize the target state, create panic, overthrow governments, manipulate sensitive situations, intimidate groups, individuals and even shortened groups of the population, and finally to form an opinion according to the enemy’s beliefs...... ReadMore

Abhinav Gauli*, Shivesh Shrestha and Sujal Lama

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000150

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Nepal is rich in fresh water with more than 6,000 rivers, including that originated from the Himalaya. Being rich in water resources, it has the potential of producing more than 83,000 MW of energy. However, currently Nepal has only harnessed 1.2 % of its capacity. Besides, a Kulekhani (60 MW) all other hydropower plants in Nepal are of run of river type. Such plants are being exclusively used for producing electricity and undermining its potential of multiple use...... ReadMore

Anupam Kumar, Ramratan* and Rohit Kumar

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000149

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In this experiment short flax fiber pulp is the natural fiber component chemically treated with alkaline solutions. Six specimens will be prepared in different volume percentage of flax fiber pulp and epoxy resin in order to get more accurate results. In this study it has been aimed to use flax fibres in composite materials and to study the mechanical properties of the produced samples...... ReadMore

Moslem Mansour Lakouraj*, Azita Alipour, Mohsen NajafiRoudbari and Reza Ojani

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000148

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A novel biomaterial based on hydrolyzed pectin(HP)/polyaniline(PA)/graphene oxide(GO) has been prepared via chemical polymerization method. The SEM analyses revealed a rod-like and laminated morphology for NH-mGO@HP and NH-mGO@HPPA nanocomposites. Higher thermal stability for NH-mGO@HP-PA was obtained than other samples. Biosensor was designed via electrodeposition of NH-mGO@HP-PA nanocomposite on carbon graphite electrode. Biosensor activity showed a considerable increase in oxidation current by the nanocomposite. The NH-mGO@HP-PA indicated higher electrical conductivity compared to pure PA...... ReadMore

Xiangying Guo, Xiangyang Sun, and Dongxing Cao*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000147

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The two-dimensional phononic crystal structures of W-silicone rubber are designed here for the low-frequency vibration absorption by applying both the plane wave expansion method and finite element method. The band structures of phononic crystal are calculated and some special phenomena in the band structures are discussed, such as the Dirac point and the degenerate state near the Dirac point and so on. Moreover, the main deformations of different modes for the structure are given, which indicated that the stress concentration is easy to occur in joint parts of the matrix and scatter. Furthermore, the influence of different parameters on the band gaps of the phononic crystal is discussed by finite element method, including the density ratio and the Young’s modulus ratio. At last, the defect state of two-dimensional phonon..... ReadMore

Ni J, Zhou ZZ, Xu XK, Liu Q*, Shen FR, and He LH

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000146

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Transition metal (TM) Mn2+ activated Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors with compositions of Ca1-xSi9Al3ON15:xMn2+ (x=0.02∼0.16) have been designed and synthesized through a high temperature solid-state reaction. In the polyhedron structure of Ca-α-SiAlON host (P31c), Mn2+ ions can be accommodated in the lattice without destabalizing the crystal structure, which has been revealed by both XRD and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) characterization. The successful doping of TM Mn2+ in host was further confirmed by magnetic susceptibility characterization and the occupation of Mn2+ in lattice was analyzed through Rietveld refinement of crystal structure. The slight left-shift of diffraction peaks in XRD patterns and Gaussian fitting sub-bands of emission spectra all proved that the activators Mn2+ in Ca-α-SiAlON host not only incorporate into the “s..... ReadMore

Paul TE Cusack*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000145

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In this paper, we consider Teflon as exhibiting key parameters of the Ether well discussed in previous papers by the same author. A previous paper considered the Ether as Beryllium Dichloride. No definitive decision has been deduced as to what the Ether is most near in material science parameters. However, it does seem that the Ether models Teflon more nearly..... ReadMore

Yogesh Singla* and Rakesh Joshi

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000144

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The objective of the present investigation was to measure the mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints of copper to stainless steel 304, fabricated using Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process. As-welded specimens were heat treated to a temperature of 650 °C for 1h, 2h and 3h. Tensile strength and microhardness measurements were made to analyze the effect of post weld heat treatment on the mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints of copper and stainless steel. Specimens heat treated at 3h showed increase tensile strength and hardness, when compared to the specimen’s heat treated at 1h and 2h...... ReadMore

Paul TE Cusack*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000143

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Here we provide some basic calculations on the ellipsoid universe and the matter that makes it up called Ether. We see that, if we model the Ether as Teflon, a polymer, that certain constants drop out ion the calculations. This paper is to be read with the Astrotheology series by the same author, especially the paper The Ether: The Universal Material...... ReadMore

Kolev G, Denishev K, Aleksandrova M* and Tzaneva B

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000142

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Microsensor design for ammonia (NH3) gas detection was proposed. The sensor is 4 segmented and consists of sensing resistors - interdigitated electrodes and ammonia sensing layer, deposited on thermal oxidized silicon substrate with specific in shape microheater and thermocouple. The zinc oxide (ZnO) layer, grown by RF sputtering method, was used as an ammonia sensing coating. The ammonia sensor, which is of resistive type, changes its resistance, when the sensing film adsorbs or desorbs ammonia gas. The thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) is used to provide constant and stable ratio NH3: CO2 = 2:1, receptivity 66% and 33% [g/mol] in volume. The results obtained from the testing of the ammonia gas are reported for temperature range between 25°C and 50°C. Resulting change in the segments resistance ..... ReadMore

Bouaziz O*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000141

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Thanks to the measurements of the Bauschinger effect and the twin volume fraction, the local stress within twins in Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels has been experimentally determined. It is found that this local stress rapidly increases as a function of plastic strain to levels higher than 2GPa and can be probably higher than 3GPa for strains larger than 0.2. Mechanisms suitable to explain this order of magnitude are briefly discussed...... ReadMore

Satheesh KP, Pradeep Raju B and Suresh Kumar N*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000140

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The metals U(VI) and Pd (II) gives yellow coloration with the reagent 4-Hydroxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone(4-HBTS) in acidic medium simultaneous determination of both the metal ions U(VI) and Pd (II) can be done by using second order derivative spectrophotometric technique. For the determination of composition of metal complexes Job’s method and mole ratio method were employed...... ReadMore

Jacek Karpiesiuk*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000139

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The Lightweight Floor System with aluminum foil (LFS-L) has high thermal efficiency and meets the conditions of comfortable use. With this in mind, research work in the field of civil engineering began, which resulted in the development of an original lightweight technical solution for the heating floor. The layer connecting floor tiles with aluminum foil, which dissipates heat in LFS-L is polyurethane adhesive. To develop a computational model for a lightweight floor without screeds was appointed the strength indicators of this adhesive, such as Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, which are not available in the literature. They were determined using tensile strength tests of polyurethane adhesive...... ReadMore

Bahman Zohuri* and Masoud Moghaddam

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000138

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With today’s growing interest toward Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its augmentation as part of integrated business from banking to eCommerce, medical applications and others, we are getting more and more dependency on AI in our day to day operations. However, the most sophisticated AI or Super AI (SAI) still needs to rely on its two other integrated sub-sets of components namely, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). However, there certain limitation and flaws that exists within DL component of AI or SAI that will cause and error to grow way beyond control and will impact its main master component namely AI and SAI for its final processing of data and information in a trusted way of process of the precise decision making and prediction of event including any forecasting as part of its Use Case (UC) and Service Level Agreement..... ReadMore

Bahman Zohuri* and Masoud Moghaddam

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2020.02.000137

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With today’s growing information and overloading of its volume based on tremendous size of data growing to the level of big data, Business Intelligence (BI) is not enough to handle any day-to-day business operation of any enterprises. It is becoming tremendously difficult to analyze the huge amounts of data that contain the information and makes it very strenuous and inconvenient to introduce an appropriate methodology of decision-making fast enough to the point that it can be, considered as real time, a methodology that we used to call it BI. The demand for real time processing information and related data both structured and unstructured is on the rise and consequently makes it harder and harder to implement correct decision making at enterprise level that was driven by BI, in order to keep the organizat..... ReadMore

Zakarian DA* and Khachatrian AV

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2019.02.000136

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A phenomenological approach has been developed for the mathematical description of the hardening of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and a quantitative assessment of their hardness. It is shown that in HEAs with a bcc lattice, the degree of hardening is always greater than in HEAs with a fcc lattice (with the same number of elements in alloys). To calculate the relative hardening of the alloy, the type of crystal lattice and its parameter value are required. The calculation results are consistent with experimental data. Basic parameters of HEAs are calculated from first principles. The proposed method can be considered acceptable for assessing the hardness and degree of hardening of multi-element alloys (HEAS)..... ReadMore

Ali Hilal Alnaqbi* and Sawsan Dagher

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2019.02.000135

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Smart materials are a group of materials that alter its properties based on changes in their environment, thus making them stimuli-responsive materials. This study provides an overview of the six main categories of the recently used smart materials, namely, piezoelectric materials, photovoltaic materials, shape-memory materials, magneto strictive materials, thermoelectric materials, and chromogenic materials...... ReadMore