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Bahman Zohuri* and Rahele Zadfathollah Seighalani

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2022.05.000205

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Nuclear energy driven magnetic confinement is at the verge of achieving breakeven via donut shape device known as Tokamak a toroidal apparatus for producing controlled fusion reactions in hot plasma. The Swiss team, together with colleagues at the Fusion Device ASDEX Upgrade of Germany, which operated Tokamak under Max-Plank-Institute Fur Plasmaphysik (IPP) since 1991 as part of EURO fusion’s Medium-Sized Tokamak program and Joint..... ReadMore

Ruixue Yin*, Kejia Zhao, Hongbo Zhang and Wenjun Zhang*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2022.05.000204

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Mathematical modeling plays an important role in studying the glucose-responsive behavior of chemically-controlled closed-loop system for design and optimization. In this study, a glucose-responsive swelling model controlled by seven main equations was established and solved to investigate the glucose-responsive behavior of Con A-DexG hydrogel-based chemically-controlled closed-loop system. The swelling ratio Q and diffusion coefficient D are two variables in the model, and they can help design the molecular structure of the hydrogel (i.e., a mixture of Con A and DexG) with a potential to design a personalized insulin delivery system...... ReadMore

Jianming Wang*, Meng Li, Zhizhong Shen, Xiaorui Tian and Shengbo Sang

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2022.05.000203

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Bioengineering synthetic materials to replace some specific human functions is the inevitable direction of development in the field of materials in the near future. Synthetic materials containing living cells will have a broad application prospect in skin replacement. For example, the market scale of wound repair (avoiding donor site injury, promoting healing, and improving healing quality), such as in vitro validation of beauty products will be 10 billion US dollars. Up to now, in the research of skin substitute materials, many research teams around the world have released a lot of research results, but they still have not fully developed an artificial composite material that can replace human skin...... ReadMore

Gunel T Imanova* and Mustafa Kaya

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.05.000201

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The pure zirconia has three different crystal structures: monoclinic, m-ZrO2 , tetragonal, t-ZrO2 , and cubic, c-ZrO2 [1]. The crystal structures are shown in (Figure 1) At room temperature, ZrO2 is in a monoclinic phase. The phase transition from m-ZrO2 to t-ZrO2 takes place at about 1,447 K. Above 2,650 K, the t-ZrO2 transforms to c-ZrO2 , which is stable up to the melting point at 2,950 K. The c-ZrO2 has an ideal fluorite structure (shown in (Figure 1a). The Zr cations are situated in a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, i.e. at the corners of the cubic elementary cell as well as at the halves of the [110] directions. The oxygen anions lie at the quarters of [111] directions, which are the tetrahedral interstitial sites associated with this fcc lattice. The space group is O5 h or Fm3 m. In this structure, each Zr cation is coordinated ..... ReadMore

Hayat Ullah*, Fazal Rahim, Fahad Khan, Imad Uddin, Misbah Ullah Khan, Shaheed Ullah, Zarif Gul, Munzer Ullah

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000200

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A Chemosensors is a substance capable of changing color or signal in absorption or emission spectra in the presence of certain specific species with definite concentration which indicate its presence or absence. The information is obtained in the form of a measurable physical signal that is linked with the certain chemical species concentration called analyte [1]. The chemosensors may be broadly classified into two categories. 1. Cation’s sensors 2. Anion’s sensors Cation Sensors Optical cation sensing was initially started for metal ions not having its own spectra in the visible region, has been broadly studied. With the better understanding of host-guest chemistry of crown ethers, it became easier to develop chromogenic sensors for metal ions. Later many outstanding examples of chromophoric and fluorophoric receptors ..... ReadMore

Saima Najm*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000199

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Lamotrigine belongs to a class of phenyltriazine compounds, chemically unrelated to other anticonvulsants [1]; used to control seizures and convulsions of various grades [2]. The antiepileptic effect of LTG entails from its binding with the voltage gated sodium channels (VNaC) and thus inhibiting the release of endogenous amino acids and acetylcholine [3,4]. Schiff bases of antiepileptic drugs protect against seizures through variety of cellular targets, like synaptic vesicle protein, neurotransmitter metabolic enzyme, neurotransmitter transporter and ion channels [5]. A homology model of VNaC was prepared for molecular docking studies of lamotrigine [6]. Docking of metal derived schiff base ligand is a new approach in computational chemistry; it predicts the binding affinity of small molecules with receptor that results in new complex wi..... ReadMore

Furong Caoa*, Guoqiang Xue and Bijin Zhou

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000198

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Mg-Li alloy is the lightest nontoxic metallic alloy. Due to extremely low density, excellent specific stiffness, good specific strength, good damping property, and electromagnetic shielding performance, Mg-Li alloy has the potential for applications in aerospace, military weapons, 3C products, and automobile manufacturing fields. Thus, study on Mg-Li alloy has drawn much attention from extensive researchers [1-7]. Not only room temperature mechanical properties, corrosion performance, and microstructures [1,4,5,6] but also high temperature behavior and microstructure [2,3,7] were investigated. Because of good comprehensive mechanical properties of two-phase Mg-Li alloys, we designed an Mg-8Li-2Al-2Zn (designated as LAZ822) alloy. The purpose of 8 wt. %Li addition is to obtain a two-phase alloy. The purpose of 2 wt.% Al addition is to achi..... ReadMore

ZhiJin Guo, Yan Zhang*, Jian Ping Zhou, Da Qian Sun and Hong Mei Li

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000197

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The performance of single material has been difficult to meet the increasingly complex working conditions due to its own limitations, so the composite material is applied. The composite structure of heterogeneous materials not only has the advantages of various materials, but also can be used normally even under extremely harsh working conditions. At the same time, it can also replace the use of scarce materials to a certain extent and reduce costs, which has a very broad application prospect [1,2]. Such as ceramic, protonic ceramic fuel cells can directly use both hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels to produce electricity at potentially more than 50 per cent efficiency [3,4]. Ceramics are also applied and reported as restorative materials for treatment of severe tooth wear and bearing was introduced in total hip arthroplasty due to its proper..... ReadMore

Bahman Zohuri*, Masoud J Moghaddam

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000196

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For Electromagnetic (EM) Weapons approach, this author suggests that one should look at Longitudinal Scalar Wave (LSW) or Pressure Wave as a newly developed weapon in future directed energy warfare and take advantage of such innovative approach. Additionally, besides the only weapon application of this wave, we can have biomedical applications of such pressure wave at a lower frequency. Even the LSW at low frequency can produce cheap energy by taking advantage of Deuterium + Deuterium Fusion interaction, where we can reduce or lower the nuclear potential barrier, consequently, make the fusion of D+D to take place at a lower temperature. Similarly, this wave at certain frequency can be used for under-water communication, where submarine communities or special warfare group of any modern navy can utilize it. With this short review, it can b..... ReadMore

Bahman Zohuri*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000195

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As the technology of exploring space is growing within this existing century, we are seeing more and more entrepreneur with deep financial pocket are trying to go to space with their massive technical efforts behind it. With thrive and innovative approach of Artificial Intelligence, companies are pushing more and more toward autonomous driving vehicle, where type of cars required to have a 100% stereo coverage of earth surface for their driving aspect of autonomy along with uplink and downlink communication in use and for that they either need satellites parked at Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) without any doubts. Most of these sophisticated satellites are carrying a lot of digital electronic gadgets on board that are they may or may not be susceptible to Space Radiation Environment either natural or man-made forms on..... ReadMore

Irma Rocio Vazquez and Sakineh Chabi*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000194

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Membrane separation technology holds a key role across various research areas and disciplines ranging from water desalination and purification systems to fuel cell technologies. Basically, membrane is a thin material which separates mass by selective transportation of one species of a mixture through it, while retaining other species behind. This ability to regulate permeation, has made membrane technology appealing in different mass separation applications. However, throughout membrane technologies, there are hurdles to overcome to achieve an optimal membrane such as a tradeoff between permeability and selectivity, and a need for more robust materials [1-3]. In this regard, graphene membranes offer tremendous potentials for use in membrane technologies. Graphene membrane is only one or few atoms thick, but it possesses excellent mechanic..... ReadMore

Sai Harsha S*, Chandra Sekhara Rao PV

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000193

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Residual stresses are those stresses that remain in an object (in particular, in a welded component) even in the absence of external loading or thermal gradients. In some cases. residual stresses result in significant plastic deformation, leading to warping and distortion of an object. In others, they affect susceptibility to fracture and fatigue. Welding is considered a highly complex metallurgic process that results in irregular geometries, material inadequacies/flaws and tensile residual stresses. High tensile residual stresses and stress concentrations resulting from the weld process have a significant impact on fatigue life of structures, and thus a topic of great concern product design. This paper investigates the prediction of residual stresses developed in shielded metal arc welding of high thickness DH32 (ASTM A131) steel plates ..... ReadMore

Janis Blahins* and Arnolds Ubelis

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000192

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Currently, besides semiconductor manufacturing, ion implantation is used for many other purposes, e.g., sensor manufacturing, hardening of metal surfaces, friction modification, chemical resistance alteration, painting and many others. Most of turnover in the industry (about 70% is made by research driven MEs), thus the new generation of implanters ought to be user friendly to highly flexible and small-scale production in small size enterprises. The development history of ion sources in detail can be found in [1]. The [2] discusses advantages and weakness between ion sources. Due to extremely low volatility with melting point at 2076°C and boiling point at 3927°C [3] the development of Boron ion source is a technological challenge. Since early 1960’s various boron containing molecules were investigated until boron rifluoride gas (BF3,..... ReadMore

Christos P Beretas*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000191

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The future of the car is in electrification, electrification is still in its infancy, in relation to the experience that exists with internal combustion engines, but also have a major environmental disadvantage as well as for the production of electricity, in various countries carried out with the use of oil with the combustion of lignite, this has as a consequence the burden on the environment. My research proposal is based on the philosophy that with e-mobility begins a new ecological era, on the one hand cannot create ecological cars and on the other hand to burden the environment for the increasing use of energy that will be required when it growsThe use of a servo mechanism, ie a slow tuning tuner, will be able to start a power generating mechanism, ie a generator, this tuner will be in the charging place of the cars, ie the refuelin..... ReadMore

Bahman Zohuri*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000190

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An electromagnetic pump is a pump that moves liquid in form of metal in particular, any electrically conductive liquid using electromagnetism phenomena. By law of physics of electromagnetic, a magnetic field can be defined as a set at right angles to the direction the liquid moves in, while a current is passing through it as well. This events, induce an electromagnetic force for the movements of the liquid. Applications of electromagnetic pump is including pumping liquid metal through any cooling system that are installed inside of liquid metal container in particular. Electromagnetic Pumps are passive pump system and have been integrated in use for pumping liquid sodium in auxiliary cooling circuits such as fill and drain from the container of such metallic liquid, and purification circuits of sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactors,..... ReadMore

Bahman Zohuri*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000189

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This short communication gives an overall account of small modular reactors and then walks through the nuclear micro reactors as the next generation of small modular reactors, which is the next wave of innovation for these SMRs. These next wave ride on the fact that future nuclear reactors are getting smaller and modular as well transportable. In this paper we are covering a summary and overall aspect of Generation IV (GEN-IV), or they are also known as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as well. In the book by Zohuri [1], we also, cover Nuclear Micro Reactor and its need and implementation within Department of Defense (DOD) military organizations. Growth of population globally has direct impact on demand for energy. Almost 18% percent growth in population and their required daily life on energy and electricity demand presents a different dime..... ReadMore

Mohammad Faris*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000188

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India is the agricultural dominated country where 75% if its population depends upon the agriculture for production of wheat, groundnut, mustard, cotton Tea, Coffee, pulses, soya and Jute. According to the central organization of oil trade (COOTI), 89.5 lakh ton mustard seed was produced during 2020-2021.The Mustard Husk residue easily available in the states which are producing Mustard crop. The mustard seed cellulose after extracting the oil used as the cattle feed supplement which increase the milk extent. The Mustard husk use as the industry fuel for heating the water in boilers for power generation. Agricultural wastes like mustard husk, rice husk, Palm husk and fly husk have the excellent raw material for producing the silica (SiO2). Silica is the Major constituent of Mustard husk ash(MHA) by which it is very become economical for p..... ReadMore

George Tannous and Bahman Zohuri*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000187

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This is a patent pending solar energy powered (Thermal and Photo Voltage (PV)) hydroponic system that can be installed anywhere in the world. The system consists of scalable hydroponic technology, solar water purification system that provides clean water for the plants and advanced solar thermal collectors, based on Heat Pipe Technology, used to provide up to 400°F hot water supply. The hot water is used in an innovative air-conditioning system that uses an absorption chiller to replace the compressor in traditional air-conditioning systems and operates on heat source without electricity, except for the pumps that is powered by the photovoltaic panels’ arrays. The solar collectors are also used for water purification or even desalination, if necessary. The Light Emission Diode (LED) lights provides the necessary light for the plants, t..... ReadMore

Gunel T Imanova*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000186

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The physical properties and crystal structure of ZrO2 were determined. The basic properties of nanostructured materials are given. The prospects for the use of nanomaterials in the nuclear-power engineering, associated with the creation of nanostructured materials and coatings for structural elements of nuclear-power engineering plant and future thermal nuclear reactor to increase hardness and strength characteristics, raising corrosion and radiation resistance have been considered. The radiation- heterogeneous processes of water decomposition zirconium dioxide (n-ZrO2 ) nanoparticles have been studied. The kinetics of buildup of molecular hydrogen in the radiolytic processes of water decomposition has been examined. The kinetics of molecular hydrogen accumulation at a gamma radiolysis of water on n-ZrO2 surface is investigated. Influence..... ReadMore

Milad Shabanpour and Alireza Fallahi Arezoodar*

DOI : 10.32474/MAMS.2021.04.000185

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Electromagnetic sheet forming is a high-velocity process that the strain rate is considerable. The formability of the material increased in the high strain rate process. In this study, an Al/Cu two- layer sheet’s formability at a high strain rate is investigated using electromagnetic forming. The two-layer sheet produced by the explosive method was used to create different geometry and different strain states in the experimental test. The necking strain was extracted by griding the sheet. The coil is designed to create enough pressure to reach the fracture in the sheet. The driver sheet is also used to create more pressure on the workpiece. The displacement of the sheet and the strain distribution were investigated in a different geometry with different widths. The magnetic pressure is 19% higher in the CA lay-p (Cu near the coil and Al..... ReadMore