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Ajit K Saxena*, Mukta Agarwal, Meenakshi Tiwari, Ujjwal Kumar, Shailendra K, Lovely Sinha and Chandan K Singh

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.05.000203

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Reproductive health is a serious and mounting problem in the world, where several factors including climate changes such as global warming resulting in change in sperm quantity according to world health organization [1]. The pathogenicity of infertility is highly complex phenomenon affecting approximately 1:20 males during reproductive age due to unknown genetic and epigenetic factors [2,3]. The role of complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCRs) and high incidence of mosaicism are well known in azoospermia patients [4]. More than 20% of De novo mutations of USP9Y and PCDH11Y genes were observed in both heterozygous and homozygous conditions that encodes amino acid arginine guanine, isoleucine and leucine modulates early transcription factor such as Sox9 gene in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) cases. Similarly, Sox9 gene expression is esse..... ReadMore

Siniša Franjić*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.05.000202

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, and overgrowth of certain bacteria occurs [1]. BV can be transmitted sexually and is considered a sexually transmitted infection; however, it can also occur in the absence of sexual contact. BV primarily affects women who are sexually active; however, it is unclear what role sexual activity plays in the development of BV. BV is the most frequently diagnosed symptomatic vaginitis in U.S. women. BV affects 29% of all women aged 14 to 49. Of women who are affected with BV, 19% are not sexually active, and 25% are pregnant. Vaginal Pain In the busy surgery, the temptation to treat without examining can be great, as the doctor may well feel safe in the assumption that common things being common it will be a case of candida [2]. When symp..... ReadMore

Seun Ayoade*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000200

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I propose a new, safe, novel, and instantaneous method of abortion viz-the handheld electric zapper/catheter. At present there are two methods of abortion in existence-the surgical and the medical. I propose the electrical. Termination should come instantaneously, and this method should be equally effective for a new zygote and a nine-month-old foetus. The electric zapper could be applied externally while the electric catheter could be applied internally via the vagina. The mother could be locally anaesthetized or wide awake. She will feel little to no discomfort. Voltage will be carefully selected to that effect. We must remember that the fetus is much less resistant to electric shock than the mother. In one study for example 15 pregnant women suffered electric shocks and all but 4 lost their pregnancies. Of the 4 that survived, only one..... ReadMore

Anubha Bajaj*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000199

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Significant bacterial ingress due to trauma, ischemia or foreign bodies with adherent microorganisms may infiltrate sites of exposed bone and engender osteomyelitis. An estimated 50% instances may occur due to unknown bacteria [1,2]. Osteomyelitis is generally detected between 2 years to 12 years although no age of disease emergence is exempt. A male predominance is exhibited with a male to female proportion of 3:1 [1,2]. Frequently the lower extremities, vertebral column, radial styloid and sacroiliac joints are incriminated. Location of infection is contingent to age of incriminated individual as altered vascularization is enunciated in diverse bone segments. Commonly, metaphysis or epiphysis in neonates, metaphyseal region in children and epiphyses or subchondral region of adult subjects are implicated in Figure 1. Distal and proximal ..... ReadMore

Leanne Morgan and Ralph Roberts*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000197

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Recent legal changes restricting abortion in Texas have focused attention on the continuing issue of a lack of reproductive freedom for women. This affects women in many countries throughout the world including Northern Ireland. The 1967 Abortion Act, which established legal access to abortion in the rest of the United Kingdom (UK), never applied in Northern Ireland (NI). Prior to a recent change in the law, abortion was illegal in NI with the exception of very limited circumstances. The options for women were either to continue with the pregnancy, travel to services in Great Britain or to access abortion pills from the internet. The choices available to NI women have increased since the decriminalization of abortion on 22 October 2020, following the passing of the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc.) Act 2019. However, despite thi..... ReadMore

MM Niang*, A Mbodji, F Samb, M Thiam, ED Sy and CT Cisse

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000196

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Immediate postpartum hemorrhage (IPPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries, with nearly 130,000 deaths each year and 2.6 million complications worldwide [1-3]. In Senegal, according to an assessment of emergency obstetric and neonatal care carried out between July 2012 and June 2013, the maternal mortality ratio was 222.9 per 100,000 live births, and haemorrhage was a direct cause of maternal death in 44,2% (SONU survey). In our limited resources countries, particularly in Senegal, available therapeutic means are: uterotonics (oxytocin, misoprostol), conservative surgery (triple arterial ligation, uterine artery ligation, hypogastric artery ligation, B- Lynch and Cho) and hysterectomy of hemostasis. These surgical treatments are not feasible by all health providers and are not available at the ..... ReadMore

Vikram Khanna*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000195

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Introduction: Cervical cerclage has been advocated in cases of ‘cervical incompetence’. There is very little evidence on the material to be used for cerclage. Here we have used nylon wool over semicircular needle for cervical cerclage. Material and Methods: 30 patients were included in the study. After a written informed consent, the patient was then taken for cervical cerclage suture application. The material used was dark colored nylon wool. The primary outcome was live birth rate of the baby where as the secondary outcome parameters included period of gestation at delivery, mode of delivery, length of hospitalization of the baby, NICU if required for the baby, requirement of another cerclage in subsequent pregnancies and the timing of removal of cerclage...... ReadMore

Ranjana Khanna, Parul Gupta Khanna* and Vikram Khanna

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000195

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Cervical cerclage has come a long way since it was first performed in 19021. It has been advocated in cases of ‘cervical incompetence’ which is a term defined by ACOG as “the inability of uterine cervix to retain a pregnancy in the second trimester in the absence of uterine contractions”2. Cochrane review has suggested the reduction in the neonatal mortality following cerclage3 [2-4]. Different terms have been used for different types of cerclages. These include1 History indicated cerclage - It is a prophylactic cerclage done in an asymptomatic woman at 12-14 weeks with history of 3 or more premature labour or mid trimester abortions. Ultrasound-indicated cerclage - On USG done between 14-24 weeks of gestation if the cervical length is less than 25 mm without any exposed fetal membranes then cerclage can be performed Rescue cercla..... ReadMore

Antonia Vollrath

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000194

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Daniel Pereira da Silva*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000193

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Gynecological procedures are common in women regardless of their age [1]. When compared to interventions performed in the operating room under general anesthesia, an office setting diminishes the risks of anesthesia complications and hospitalization, while minimizing recovery time, as well as the need for equipment and associated costs [2]. Insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs) and hysteroscopies in an office setting have increased significantly in recent years [3]. These are minimally invasive and safe procedures and, thus associated with tolerable pain and discomfort [4]. Furthermore, they are regularly performed without analgesia or anesthesia, devaluing the anxiety and pain reported by women [5]. Pain experienced by women is quite often classified as “moderate” or “severe”, leading to the interruption of the gynecological p..... ReadMore

Wassachew Ashebir*, Birhanu Miried

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000192

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Background: The weight of an infant at birth matters since it is a reliable reflection of intrauterine growth. Low birth weight remains to be a leading cause of neonatal death and is a major contributor to infant and under-five mortality. Reducing infant mortality is a global priority which is particularly relevant in developing countries including Ethiopia. To do this, preventing the risk of low birth weight and improving birth weight remains essential. However, measuring weight at birth and documenting the toll of low birth weight with its various factors in Ethiopia is not well. studied. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine prevalence and identify factors affecting birth weight of newborns born at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was employed among m..... ReadMore

Paul TE Cusack*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000191

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This paper continues the authors investigation into AD. We find that hydrogen peroxide appears to be the culprit in attacking the Papez circuit, especially in women. Familiarity with AT Math is assumed..... ReadMore

Martínez Rodríguez Jessica Jarumi*, Batres Padilla Marco Antonio, Pérez Galván Alma Letici, Castillo Rosales Silda Ileana, Velázquez Castellanos Patricia Inés and Macías Vera Norah Nalleli

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000190

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In 1999, Dr. Abdul Sultan proposed (determined) an obstetric perineal lesions classification, which nowadays is worldwide accepted. This has improved the diagnosis and treatment of the Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS) are those determined as third and fourth grade [1]. OASIS occurs in 0.5–14% of vaginal deliveries worldwide in the world, despite the increased acknowledgment of it and its intensive training efforts for trainees, the incidence has grown up or augmented has increased in recent decades [2,3]. Although the main objective of medical research is the prevention of OASIS, the initial postoperative management is overlooked,..... ReadMore

Vijayalakshmy Attuveppil Raman, Aditi Kishore Shinde*, Reena Mani, Reeni Mahil Cherian, Raheela Naheed Khan, Mradula Sharma, Sudha Krishnan, Anju Anna Biju, Saima Batool, Aisha Farooq, Ezhyl Arasi, Athira Rajamma, Anuja Thomas

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000189

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Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes in labouring women from January 2017 to December 2018 and compare the feto-maternal outcomes of GDM, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A retrospective cohort of diabetic women in pregnancy who delivered at Khoula hospital were identified from the electronic medical record system in Khoula hospital, Muscat, Oman from January 2017 to December to 2018 and analysed for feto-maternal parameters. Results: 11190 files were analysed, 2859 (25.5%) patients were identified to have diabetes. 437 patients were excluded and 2422 were selected. Overall prevalence of diabetes was 25.8%. 2062 (85.1%) had GDM, 329 (13.5%) NIDDM and 38(1.56%) had IDDM. Mean age was 32.8+/- 4.6yrs. The obesity rate in the cohort was 60.3% and overall mean BMI was 31.7+/- 5.2. Optimum..... ReadMore

Eva perezmartinez*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.04.000188

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One of the main tools that midwives have had over the years has been their educational ability. The usefulness of a good health education has been more than demonstrated in the available literature..... ReadMore

Léo Pomar*, Agathe Contier, Jeffrey E Harris, Guillaume Favre, Karin Nielsen-Saines and David Baud

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2020.04.000186

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The SARS-CoV 2 pandemic is now responsible for over 48 million infections and one million deaths worldwide. Pandemics impact population growth not only by excessive mortality, but also by preventing births. In previous pandemics occurring in the 20th and 21st centuries, a trend towards birth rate reduction was observed 9 months later (Figure 1). After the 1918-20 HIN1 influenza pandemic, birth rates dropped by 5 to 15% in comparison to average rates before the pandemic [1]. This drop was related to higher death rates in pregnant patients (case fatality rate of 27%)..... ReadMore

Mounia Bennani*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2020.04.000182

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This is the case of a 48-year-old patient, no Medical or pharmacological history referred in Our dermatology consultation for management of a lesion evolving for 6 years, increasing in size, becoming bleeding on contact, the patient did not complain of pain, but rather an unpleasant feeling of heaviness. On local examination, a multi-lobed tumor of approximately 10 cm wasprotruding through the vagina (Figure1). The mass was firm, pink-reddish, with a smooth surface (Figure 2), the vaginal touch the tumor was in continuity with the cervix, while the vulva was intact. A dermoscopic examination was carried out objectifying the presence of a polymorphic vascularization made of vessels in points, irregular linear, and hairpins in ..... ReadMore

Nagy M Metwally Ahmed*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2020.04.000182

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One of the most common gynecologic complaint is irregular uterine bleeding It is one of the most common Problem in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal years. It has a direct impact on woman physical, social, emotional and material quality of life. While vaginal bleeding is the sign of endometrial cancer in more than 90% of postmenopausal women which is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in women worldwide and is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, therefore, the diagnosis of AUB needs to be undertaken seriously. This study was implemented to evaluate the efficacy of suction pipelle-which is an endometrial sampling technique- in diagnosis of endometrial lesions in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding. It was designed as a cross sectional study and included 184 patients complaining of AUB. 2 samples were ta..... ReadMore

Graham A*, Kazerouni H and Sur M

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2020.03.000181

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IntroductionMucinous tumors of the ovary account for about 15% of all ovarian tumors; 80% are benign, while only 3-4% are invasive carcinoma; the remainder are borderline tumors [1]. Rarely, mucinous tumors may exhibit mural nodules containing a carcinomatous or sarcomatous component; these mural nodules are more commonly associated with mucinous borderline tumors but can also arise within mucinous carcinoma [1, 2]. Prat and Scully first described mucinous ovarian tumors with mural nodules in a series of 7 cases in 1979; these lesions were termed mucinous tumors with sarcoma-like nodules [3,4]. However, classification of mural nodules arising in mucinous ovarian tumors remains unclear, and several authors have proposed different classification systems ..... ReadMore

Nagy M Metwally Ahmed*

DOI : 10.32474/IGWHC.2020.03.000180

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Introduction: Ladies with irregular uterine draining need assessment for analysis of various sicknesses especially endometrial carcinoma. Office endometrial testing with pipelle joined with vaginal ultrasonography is simpler, less expensive, non-obtrusive. Destinations of the examination were to research the utilization of both transvaginal ultrasonography and office endometrial testing for the determination of endometrial malady in ladies with vaginal dying. Techniques: The 480 ladies giving anomalous uterine draining were joined up with the investigation. Trans Vaginal ultrasonography was finished. Endometrial testing was finished utilizing endometrial biopsy pipelle, as office system, in the outpatient’s center. The example was sent for Histopathological Examination (HPE), the precision of vaginal ultrasound and pipell..... ReadMore