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George C Nikou*, George Evangelou, Vera Nikou and Efrosyni Kitsiou

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2021.03.000159

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The effects of sulfonylureas on gastrointestinal function in man is not yet quite clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of glibenclamide on gastrin release in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Twelve non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (six men, six women, median age 57 years, range 46-63 years) were studied. Glibenclamide or placebo were given on different days and in a random order 10 minutes before a standard meal (73.6 g corned beef + 5ml olive oil + 60g bread). Blood samples for the determination of gastrin, glucose and C-peptide in serum, before (-15 and 0 minutes) and 30, 60, 90 , 120 and 180 minutes after the standard meal, were obtained. Initial mean values of gastrin in serum did not differ significantly between the two meals. As expected gastrin levels increas..... ReadMore

Elaine CL WAT, Johnny CM KOON, Clara BS LAU, Choly TM YAN, Wai-Lun KWONG, Ping CHOOK1, William KF CHENG and Ping-Chung LEUNG*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.03.000158

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Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS): Overweight, Obesity, Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hypercholesterolemia, are generally accepted today as clinical signals leading to cardiovascular diseases. Control of MS is therefore of a common health concern. While drug treatment is yet not available or may not be creditable, developing an effective health supplement against MS is highly justified. Methods: A herbal formula composed of four herbs known to have anti MS pathological effects was used for in vivo and in vitro biological researches to verify its pharmacological effect, and subsequent pilot clinical trial. Results: In vitro study: Adipocyte viability and cholesterol uptake, liver cell viability and anti-glycaemia effects, all gave positive results of good control. In vivo study testing herbal formula’s effects on obese mice also sh..... ReadMore

Óscar Moreno-Pérez*, Cristina Tejera and Rebeca Reyes-García

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.03.000157

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The clinical management of older people with diabetes requires a comprehensive evaluation and a holistic approach for the individualization of objectives and strategies of treatment. In older people with diabetes, geriatric syndromes, frailty and sarcopenia are considered at present as a third category of chronic complications. These situations are added to traditional microvascular and macrovascular complications, leading to significant disability and increasing the costs. In this context, two clinical scenarios can be considered: the first one, elderly subjects without significant comorbidities and good functional condition, in which an approach to diabetes similar to that of younger patients must be made. The second scenario, elderly and frail subjects, in which it will be essential a correct identification of these conditions and the..... ReadMore

Rob N M Weijers*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.03.000156

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A recent study using next-generation RNA sequencing was reported on genome-wide changes in gene expressing in the skin between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared to non-diabetic patients. Ex-post review, based in part on both the existence of lipid droplets, peridroplet mitochondria and cytoplasmic mitochondria, selected in the gene metabolism category the most downregulated gene TPD52L3, and in the gene regulation category the most downregulated gene NKX2-1. There is strong evidence that these two genes are involved in the disease process of type 2 diabetes mellitus...... ReadMore

Luc Rochette*, Alexandre Meloux, Eve Rigal, Marianne Zeller, Yves Cottin and Catherine Vergely

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.03.000155

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Objective: In addition to its role in energy production and metabolism, mitochondria play a major role in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and calcium homeostasis. This review highlights the intricate role of mitochondria derived peptides (MPs), oxidative stress, and age-related disease such as diabetes. Key Findings: The mitochondria produce MDPs: specific peptides that mediate transcriptional stress response by its translocation into the nucleus and interaction with DNA. MDPs are regulators of metabolism with cytoprotective effects through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory responses and anti-apoptosis. This class of peptides comprises: humanin (HN), MOTS-c, Small HN-like peptides. HN inhibits mitochondrial complex 1 activity and limits oxidative stress level in the cell. HN has been shown to prevent apoptosis by decreasing the react..... ReadMore

Joséphine Gehring* , Dalila Azzout-Marniche and Patrick C Even

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.03.000154

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine member of a subfamily of “fibroblast growth factors” that responds to multiple metabolic stresses as protein deficiency [1-4]. FGF21 is produced in various tissues but the FGF21 circulating form is primarily of hepatic origin [1,2]. FGF21 affects numerous metabolic and behavioural parameters, and in particular, increases appetite for protein in subjects fed a protein-deprived diets [5,6]. In a recent still unpublished study, we observed that plasma FGF21 levels were higher in adult male Wistar rats fed a standard diet, formulated according the AIN93 recommendations for rats’ feed, containing 15% protein by energy [7] than in rats fed a 30% protein diet. In addition, inter-individual variability of plasma FGF21 levels was larger in rats fed the standard 15% protein diet than in ra..... ReadMore

Gundu H R Rao*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.03.000152

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SARS-CoV-2 virus has created an unprecedented public health and global economic crisis. Despite the fact, that this virus was discovered half a century ago, earlier version of this RNA virus (SARS-CoV) was less virulent than the 2019 version of the virus (CoV-2), which turned out to be the most potent killer virus. According to the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Coronavirus Resources Center (coronavirus.jhu.edu), globally there are 28 million Covid-19 infected individuals and 900,000 deaths. In the USA, we have over 6.4 million infected individuals and 192,000 confirmed covidrelated deaths. The response from the public health perspective is important, to prevent further escalation of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Having said that, it is important to note, that each country has responded differently. Vietnam, and Taiwan have done well in keepi..... ReadMore

KC Bhuyan*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.03.000151

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The analytical results presented here were based on data collected from 960 adults of ages 18 years and above residing in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The data were collected by some doctors and nurses from and nearby their working places according to quota sampling plan. The objective of the study was to investigate the impacts of different socioeconomic variables on simultaneous sufferings of adults from diabetes and high blood pressure and to identify the most responsible variables for this suffering. The analysis indicated that 5.4 percent adults were simultaneously suffering from both diabetes and elevated blood pressure. The most responsible variable for the diseases was occupation followed by gender variation, income and expenditure. The results of risk ratio and factor analysis indicated that the females and physicall..... ReadMore

Ahed J Alkhatib*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000150

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Diabetes type 2 represents a global health problem, and it is expected to influence approximately 530 million people by 2030. Usually, diabetes type 2 is developed through more than one stage. Prediabetes is a preliminary stage of diabetes before developing full episodes of diabetes.Diabetes type 2 can be preventable following appropriate lifestyles. The main objective of this study is to describe a case with liver cirrhosis and the patient was recommended for liver transplantation. Following reviewing of his profile, it was apparent that the patient had prediabetes (glucose level was 126mg/dl). The patient was recommended to use tadalafil 5 mg daily to offer improvement of liver function based on previous experience. Glucose level was daily measured. It was interestingly found that glucose levels were restored to normal levels between 8..... ReadMore

Nasser Mikhail MD*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000149

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Background: The 2 drug classes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are approved for type 2 diabetes, but their concomitant use was not sufficiently studied.Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of the combination of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Methods: Systematic review of English literature by search of electronic databases: Pub/MEDLINE from 2000 until July 2, 2020. Search terms included GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, combination therapy, add-on therapy, type 2 diabetes, efficacy, safety. Randomized trials were included with more focus on double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Post-hoc analysis and consensus guidelines are also reviewed...... ReadMore

Nasser Mikhail MD* and Soma Wali MD

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000148

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Background: Diabetes disproportionably impacts minorities in the USA. Objective: To review the latest data regarding diabetes epidemiology and management among different ethnic groups in the USA. Methods: PubMed research of all pertinent articles up to June 29, 2020. Search terms included diabetes, ethnicity, African Americans, Blacks, Hispanics, Latinos, Asians, minorities, glycemic control, obesity, lifestyle changes, treatment, metformin, sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Type of studies included are randomized, observational, epidemiological, consensus guidelines, and review articles. Results: Diabetes prevalence and incidence in adults continue to increase among African Americans and Hispanics. In youths, the fastest increase in type 1 and type 2 diabetes occurs among Asians/Pacific Islanders followed by Hispanics and Af..... ReadMore

David Oliver Tébar*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000147

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Background and objective: The dislipidemia are one of the main factors of risk of cardiovascular illness in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and factors of risk associated to the dislipidemia in the population with DM2 of the Community of Castile-La Mancha. Material and methods: It are a longitudinal study made in centers of Attention Primaria of the Service of Health of CastillaLa Mancha (n=70). It selected a representative sample of the population with DM2 of 18 to 85 years by means of a procedure polyetapic. They obtained the clinical history and by means of interview the data of the factors of risk to study. It analyzed the association with the dislipidemia by means of linear regression. Results: 52.1% were men, the half age was of 69-84 years, the evolution of the dia..... ReadMore

Magnus Michael Chukwudike Anyakudo*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000146

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High cost of conventional diabetic wound management is of public interest due to their social and economic burden on the individuals and care givers. This experimentally-controlled designed study compared the wound healing potentials of natural products: Honey, Olive oil, Pawpaw fruit (unripe mesocarp) extract (PFE) and Iodine (positive control) in diabetic rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats categorized into four groups (n = 7, each) weighing between 150 - 200g were used for this study which lasted four weeks. A full thickness excision wound of circular area 300 mm2 and 2 mm in-depth was inflicted on all rats after light anesthesia with i.v. ketamine (90mg/kg b.w.). Aliquot portions of Olive oil, Honey, Iodine and PFE were topically applied to the opened wounds twice a day. Wound areas were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 using a tr..... ReadMore

Evangeline P Costelo, Gerry H Tan*, Lisa Marie Saldanha and Karen Wai

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000145

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Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients of Filipino physicians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey conducted from January to March 2014 among physician-members of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists-Philippine Chapter, Diabetes Philippines, Philippine Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Philippine Society of Pediatric Metabolism & Endocrinology. Results: The prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients of respondents was 0.091% with all patients aged 10 to 18 years old. More than half were symptomatic and most of them were managed by adult endocrinologist and adult diabetologist. There were 73.8% of patients who were initially managed with Metformin and about 56.55% who were c..... ReadMore

Ala Akram Zaidan*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000144

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Would you like a piece of bakes potatoes? NOOOO, I am Diabetic. An answer that we usually face with people with Diabetes Type Two. And mostly whenever we ask them who told you that you are not allowed to eat carbohydrates, the answer is our Endocrinologist! As Clinical Dietitian, I am facing this case on daily basis average. Now, let me tell you that this is not the way. Diabetes type two diets should contain 45-50% of Carbohydrates Does this mean that 50% of my food can be from chocolates and candies? Neither this is the case. Another question to be added: Does this diet help with Obesity? The answer is YES! There are a lot of weight loss diets that are rounding in the field these days. As per my experience, the Diabetes Diet is the only diet that help in weight loss and in the same time ..... ReadMore

Marjiana Ângela Zin, Gisele Maria Tonin da Costa, Rodrigo Poderoso de Souza* and Andrigo Zaar

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000143

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Obesity is increasingly present in the population and raises the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in body composition, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides of obese adults. The sample was costituida twelve male volunteers subjected to hold a bone densitometry analysis with body composition (DEXA) and examinations that Inca ram plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides in the blood. The volunteers were inserted into three training models: Aerobic Training (AeT), Anaerobic Training (AnT) and Concurrent Training (CT). The training period was twelve weeks, with three sessions per week lasting 60 minutes. The AeT group took part in running sessions with cycling sessions. The AnT group performed bodybuilding exercises. The CT group combined t..... ReadMore

Keshab Chandra Bhuyan*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000142

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The present analysis was based on data collected from 785 adults investigated from families of 2% randomly selected students of American International University-Bangladesh. The students themselves collected the information from their adult family members through a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Among the investigated unit’s 49.4 percent were suffering from at least one of the non-communicable diseases. Majority (85.3%) of the NCDs affected adults were diabetic patients. The NCDs affected people were classified by their socioeconomic characters and type of disease and association between type of disease and level of some of socioeconomic characters was observed by chi-square test. Type of disease was significantly associated with residential status, age, height, occupation, income, marital status and physical l..... ReadMore

J Padee, UP Ranasinghe, RS Jayatilake, M Sullivan, A Egun and S Rajbhandari*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000141

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Objectives: Assess the effect on lower limb major amputation rate following the introduction of the multi-disciplinary foot clinic in a defined relatively static population in the North West of England. Methods: Data surrounding all lower limb amputations in diabetic patients between 1997 and 2010 were retrospectively collected and analysed. Results: Results demonstrated significant increase in minor amputations but numerical reduction in major amputations. There was significant change in ratio of minor to major amputation. When annual fluctuation was averaged out over 5-year period, the annual major amputation per 100,000 patients reduced from 6.6 to 5.1 with increase in minor amputations from 2.0 to 5.9. Discussion: A reductions in major amputations rate with increase in minor amputations ..... ReadMore

J Padee, UP Ranasinghe, RS Jayatilake, M Sullivan, A Egun and S Rajbhandari*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000141

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Objectives: Assess the effect on lower limb major amputation rate following the introduction of the multi-disciplinary foot clinic in a defined relatively static population in the North West of England. Methods: Data surrounding all lower limb amputations in diabetic patients between 1997 and 2010 were retrospectively collected and analysed. Results: Results demonstrated significant increase in minor amputations but numerical reduction in major amputations. There was significant change in ratio of minor to major amputation. When annual fluctuation was averaged out over 5-year period, the annual major amputation per 100,000 patients reduced from 6.6 to 5.1 with increase in minor amputations from 2.0 to 5.9...... ReadMore

Fatma Mnif*, Loukil F, Sahnoun R, Arous A, Messoud T and Abid M

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000140

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Obesity is an excess of fat in the body, resulting from an imbalance between daily caloric intake and energy expenses, it was recognized as a disease in 1997 by the World Health Organization (WHO). A classic view of its etiology lies in an inability to use lipids and a chronic inequality between anabolism and the catabolism that would be causal in weight gain. According to WHO, obesity has reached the proportions of a global epidemic (more than one in ten adults in the world is obese)...... ReadMore