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Mini Review
Poondy Gopalratnam Raman* View abstract
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Patients with type-2 diabetes have more than half the day in the post meal state. Elevation in post meal plasma glucose is due to loss of first phase insulin secretion, decreased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and consequent decreased suppression of hepatic glucose output after meals due to insulin deficiency. Elevated or exaggerated post meal response is directly responsible for endothelial dysfunction and pro-atherogenic states. Post-meal hyperglycemia is a prominent early defect in type-2 diabetes patients...... -
Mini Review
Poondy Gopalratnam Raman View abstract
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Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. There is no permanent cure for Diabetes. Only way is to replace insulin producing beta-cells. Whole pancreatic transplantation and purified pancreatic islets transplantation are the answer to cure for diabetes. But scarcity of suitable donor and morbidity, high cost involved are limiting factors for pancreatic transplantation. Islet cell transplantation is less invasive procedure and safer than total pancreatic transplantation established in year 2000. Isolated islets carry less antigenic property.....
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Research Article
Shamim Shaikh Mohiuddin* and Poornima Manjrekar View abstract
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Low grade inflammatory condition which is predominately cytokine-mediated is observed to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes as well as role this inflammatory condition cannot be ruled out in involvement in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Since maximum world populations are at high risk of developing diabetes, we tested this hypothesis by estimating circulating acute phase proteins in freshly diagnosed type 2 (T-2) as well as type1(T-1) diabetic patients......
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Mini Review
Gundu H R Rao View abstract
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Just the other day, I wrote an Editorial for another journal on World Diabetes Day. Before that, it was the World Thrombosis Day. Think of just metabolic diseases, you have, - World Hypertension Day (May 17), World Obesity Day (Oct 11), World Heart Day (Sept 29), World Thrombosis Day (Oct 13), World Diabetes Day (Nov 14). The list keeps growing every year. Whenever I am asked to participate, in these World Observation Days or asked to write about these important annual days, I ask myself, what have we done to arrest, reduce or prevent these chronic metabolic diseases? What can be done about the raising epidemics of chronic diseases? These are hard questions to ask? Much harder, to answer. All that we can do is, just like we do for New Year’s Day, take a pledge to do something that will make a difference. Metabolic diseases, such as h.....
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Mini Review
Gundu H R Rao* View abstract
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Abstract Just the other day, I wrote an Editorial for another journal on World Diabetes Day. Before that, it was the World Thrombosis Day. Think of just metabolic diseases, you have, - World Hypertension Day (May 17), World Obesity Day (Oct 11), World Heart Day (Sept 29), World Thrombosis Day (Oct 13), World Diabetes Day (Nov 14). The list keeps growing every year. Whenever I am asked to participate, in these World Observation Days or asked to write about these important annual days, I ask myself, what have we done to arrest, reduce or prevent these chronic metabolic diseases? What can be done about the raising epidemics of chronic diseases? These are hard questions to ask? Much harder, to answer. All that we can do is, just like we do for New Year’s Day, take a pledge to do something that will make a difference. Metabolic diseases, su.....
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Opinion
Pramod Stephen View abstract
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You are here to discuss to solve the problems of genetics related diseases by cellular and molecular medicines. As you know that study of genetics is very long process and day by day the problem of genetics deformity is increasing......
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Short Communication
Rahul Hajare* View abstract
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Obesity is a major risk factor for non communicable diseases. Obesity, diabetes and hypertension are so tightly linked. This study aims to determine the frequency of type 2 diabetes and hypertension among obese Saudi population......
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Research Article
Rahul Hajare View abstract
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Cancer abuse has on the increase all over the world. The poor and the rich are also involved in this dangerous epidemic that has impact not only on reproductive health but also has an impact on family, society, increase in health care expense and increased depression activity. Health care providers have more concerned with treating the victims and less concerned on its prevention......
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Research Article
Jeff Unger View abstract
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The rate limiting step of intensive diabetes management for patients with diabetes is treatment induced hypoglycemia. Thus, hypoglycemia remains a significant barrier in optimizing glycemic control and reducing long-term diabetes related complications including cardiovascular death, stroke, and all cause-mortality [1]. Cardiovascular (CV) events are the leading cause of death among patients with diabetes. The risk of CV death is twice that of patients without diabetes [2]. Severe hypoglycemia (resulting in cognitive impairment) can occur across a broad spectrum of A1C levels. Patients achieving near-normal glycemia (<6%) and those who were poorly controlled (≥9%) appeared to be at the highest risk for severe hypoglycemia [3]. HbA1c and risk of severe hypoglycemia in .....
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Research Article
Khalid S Aljabri*, Samia A Bokhari , Muneera A Alshareef , Patan M Khan and Bandari K Aljabri MS View abstract
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Background: Worldwide epidemic exists with respect to diabetes mellitus, primarily because of increased rates of obesity. The trend of increasing obesity prevalence has increased at a faster rate in patients with T1DM compared to the general population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Primary Health Care Clinics and the diabetes centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital. A total of 237 Saudi with T1DM and 238 non diabtic patients (control) were randomly selected. Result: A total of 475 patients attending the Primary Health Care Clinics and the diabetes centre were included in this study;193 (40.6%) were male, 282 (59.4%) were female with mean age 27.6±2.9 years. T1DM group comprised of 237 (49.9%) patients and non-diabetic (control) group comprised of 238 (50.1% ) of the sample. T1DM patients were not significant.....
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Research Article
Khalid S Aljabri*, Samia A Bokhari , Muneera A Alshareef , Patan M Khan and Bandari K Aljabri MS View abstract
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Background and Objective: The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing. Osteoporosis has become an alarming health problem throughout the entire world. The aim of this study were to estimate the epidemiology of osteoporosisamong Saudi patients with T1DM, living in the western province, attending the diabetes centre at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, KSA. Methods: Eligible patients were older than 12 years old, had T1DM . All patients were recruited from the population of the Diabetic Centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital. Eligible patients met with investigators for a complete history and physical examination, to have baseline laboratory assessments including glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). HbA1c was expressed as percentage and measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography. BMD in the current study was mea.....
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Review Article
Giuseppe Annunziata*, Maria Maistoa, Connie Schisano, Luigi Barreab, Roberto Ciampagliaa, Viviana Narcisoa, Gian Carlo Tenorea, Ettore Novellinoa View abstract
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Among the cardiometabolic diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most diffused worldwide. Pharmacological treatments commonly used present several side effects, and this is driving people to search natural approaches. Olea europaea is currently investigated for its anti-diabetic potential. In particular, oleuropein (OLE), its main bioactive compound, have been demonstrated to exert interesting activities in management of T2DM, including hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the available scientific evidence evaluating the role of OLE in managing T2DM.....
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Research Article
Khalid S Aljabri*, Samia A Bokhari, Muneera A Alshareef and Patan M Khan View abstract
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Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic factors. The prevalence of MetS are increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence as well as the individual components of MetS in Saudi population. Methods: We analyzed 2810 participants who are equal to or older than 18 years old. All cases were from the population of the primary health at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital. All data were collected by personal interview and based on a review of electronic medical records. Physician and nurse interviewers measured and recorded weight (kg) and height (cm). Metabolic risk factors were defined using the 2006 International Diabetes Federation criteria that define elevated triglyceride (TG) as ≥150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L) and reduced HDL as <40 mg/d.....
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Review Article
Nikolaos Papanas and Theano Penlioglou View abstract
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Over the past years, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global pandemic, both in developed and developing countries [1,2]. Its aetiology is multifactorial, including genetic factors, increasing age, obesity and insulin resistance [3]. Among these factors, obesity is of paramount importance, and its management can be of benefit [4,5]......
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Research Article
Khalid S Aljabri*, Samia A Bokhari, Muneera A Alshareef, Patan M Khan and Bandari K. Aljabri View abstract
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Background and Objective: Obesity is a major risk factor for non communicable diseases. Obesity, diabetes and hypertension are so tightly linked. This study aims to determine the frequency of type 2 diabetes and hypertension among obese Saudi population. Methods: We analyzed participants who are older than 18 years old. A total of 2452 cases with body mass index ≥30.0 kg/m² were selected to be enrolled for the present study. All patients were from the population of the Primary health and Diabetic Centres at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital. Main results: A total of 2452 participants were studied. The mean age of the study population was 45.7±14.6 years, 46.9±15.3 years for males and 45.1±14.2 years for females. Moreover, the prevalence of males was 805(32.8%) and the prevalence of females was 1647(67.2%).....
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Editorial
Giuseppe Annunziata*, Gian Carlo Tenore and Ettore Novellino View abstract
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It is well known that obesity and diabetes (more specifically, the type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM) are currently a growing public health problem, which involves several millions subjects in the World. Years ago, indeed, the term “diabesity” was coined highlighting not only the strong pathogenic relationship between obesity and T2DM, but also the pandemic aspect that link these two diseases. The increasing global prevalence of diabesity represents a grave concern in terms of public health and, at the same time, medical costs, resulting in a serious social economic issue......
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Research Article
Khalid S Aljabri*, Samia A Bokhari, Muneera A Alshareef, Patan M Khan and Bandari K Aljabri View abstract
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Background and Objective: The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing worldwide. Pre diabetes is a high-risk state for the development of diabetes and its associated complications. This study aims to determine the associated risk factors among T2DM and pre diabetes patients among adult Saudi population. Methods: For the present study, we analyzed participants who are older than 20 years old and had undergone a blood test to assess HbA1c. A total of 1095 were selected to be enrolled for the present study. All patients were from the population of the Primary health and Diabetic Centres at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital. Participants were defined as having T2DM according to self-report, clinical reports, use of anti diabetic agents and HbA1c (≥6.5). Non T2DM participan.....
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Research Article
Rahul A Hajare* View abstract
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Depression and substance abuse has on the increase all over the world. The poor and the rich are also involved in this dangerous habit that has impact not only on reproductive health but also has an impact on family, society, increase in health care expense and increased criminal activity. Health care providers have more concerned with treating the victims and less concerned on its prevention. Pregnant women bear a greater brunt and there has adverse pregnancy outcome. Low birth weight, preterm labour, increased in miscarriage and raised perinatal mortality has some of the adverse effects. Children of such parents have more likely to inherit this bad trait. Children living in abusive homes where drugs and alcohol abuse occur simultaneously has often deprived of more th.....
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Research Article
Ioannis Kyriazis*, Amalia Tsagari, Theodora Lappa, Dimitra Latsou, Eleni Kallianioti, Sophia Tsitsou, Aggelos Giotis and Maria Tziogiou View abstract
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Obesity is currently considered to be the most common metabolic disease. During the last decades, its incidence has dramatically risen both in developed and developing countries. Several studies of the health of healthcare professionals have found that a significant proportion is obese. Obesity among the workforce may impede the efficacy of healthcare professionals health promotion efforts. The Mediterranean diet is considered to be a sustainable and healthy lifestyle pattern that promotes good health and disease prevention throughout the lifespan. The objectives of the present study were a) To determine the prevalence of obesity and obesity related lifestyle parameters (work anxiety, physical activity). b) To investigate the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and Body Mass Index (BMI) .....
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Opinion
Gerald H Tomkin* and Daphne Owens View abstract
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Obesity and diabetes have become a very important global problem. In developed countries the incidence of both seems to have stabilised probably due to greater awareness and better education. Weight reduction in obese subjects with diabetes can be achieved by bariatric surgery and often results in remission of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia but at a cost of mortality and morbidity. Dietary intervention until recently has been relatively unsuccessful. Recently however, structured, low calorie diet with nurse/dietician support in a general practice setting has shown promise. Successful drug therapy to aid weight reduction remains elusive......
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Research Article
Gborienemi Simeon George*and Duoboye Stephen Enetim View abstract
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There is understanding that most pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus stands the risk of having adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome. The need for an early detection and effective management of this problem with a view to ensure better maternal and fetal protection was the driving thrust for this study. Through the application of spectrophotometric methods employing enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, the concentration of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined in 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women and compared with non-pregnant women. Data were analysed using student’s t-test with the aid of Graph pad Prism (R) software version 6.10 at p<0.05 values considered statistically significant. Result reveals that 11% of pregnant women investigated had gestational diabetes mellitus in Y.....
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Case Report
Awad Magbri*, Saad Rashid, Zach Crowe, Shaukat Rashid View abstract
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The author discusses a case of drug induced vasculitis caused by spironolactone which is very recomplication of the drug. The authors give account on the type of vasculitis caused by drug induced allergy and also the differential diagnoses if the presentation is unusual with only hematuria and kidney injury. The benefits of Spironolactone and the side effects are also illustrated......
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Short Communication
Gundu H R Rao* View abstract
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The incidence of twin epidemics, obesity and type-2 diabetes are increasing rapidly worldwide in the past two decades [1-7]. By azand large, clinicians manage diabetes by meticulous management of blood glucose levels to meet the guidelines established by professional societies and regulatory agencies (8, 9). The American College of Physicians (ACP) published the most recent guideline in April of this year (8)......
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Editorial
Gundu HR Rao View abstract
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According to the National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institute of Health, USA, approximately two-thirds of all adults in the USA (167 million), are overweight and a third is obese. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 1.3 billion overweight adults globally. Of these 300 million are clinically obese. The global increase in incidence of type-2 diabetes among adults has more than doubled since 1980, from 153 million to 422 million people, according to a study donein 2014, involving 2.7 million people from around the world. These numbers and statistics keep changing every year, in view of the rapidity with which these twin epidemics are increasing worldwide.Cardiom.....
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