Marjiana Ângela Zin, Gisele Maria Tonin da Costa, Rodrigo Poderoso de Souza* and Andrigo Zaar

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000143

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Obesity is increasingly present in the population and raises the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in body composition, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides of obese adults. The sample was costituida twelve male volunteers subjected to hold a bone densitometry analysis with body composition (DEXA) and examinations that Inca ram plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides in the blood. The volunteers were inserted into three training models: Aerobic Training (AeT), Anaerobic Training (AnT) and Concurrent Training (CT). The training period was twelve weeks, with three sessions per week lasting 60 minutes. The AeT group took part in running sessions with cycling sessions. The AnT group performed bodybuilding exercises. The CT group combined t..... ReadMore

Keshab Chandra Bhuyan*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000142

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The present analysis was based on data collected from 785 adults investigated from families of 2% randomly selected students of American International University-Bangladesh. The students themselves collected the information from their adult family members through a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Among the investigated unit’s 49.4 percent were suffering from at least one of the non-communicable diseases. Majority (85.3%) of the NCDs affected adults were diabetic patients. The NCDs affected people were classified by their socioeconomic characters and type of disease and association between type of disease and level of some of socioeconomic characters was observed by chi-square test. Type of disease was significantly associated with residential status, age, height, occupation, income, marital status and physical l..... ReadMore

J Padee, UP Ranasinghe, RS Jayatilake, M Sullivan, A Egun and S Rajbhandari*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000141

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Objectives: Assess the effect on lower limb major amputation rate following the introduction of the multi-disciplinary foot clinic in a defined relatively static population in the North West of England. Methods: Data surrounding all lower limb amputations in diabetic patients between 1997 and 2010 were retrospectively collected and analysed. Results: Results demonstrated significant increase in minor amputations but numerical reduction in major amputations. There was significant change in ratio of minor to major amputation. When annual fluctuation was averaged out over 5-year period, the annual major amputation per 100,000 patients reduced from 6.6 to 5.1 with increase in minor amputations from 2.0 to 5.9. Discussion: A reductions in major amputations rate with increase in minor amputations ..... ReadMore

Fatma Mnif*, Loukil F, Sahnoun R, Arous A, Messoud T and Abid M

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000140

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Obesity is an excess of fat in the body, resulting from an imbalance between daily caloric intake and energy expenses, it was recognized as a disease in 1997 by the World Health Organization (WHO). A classic view of its etiology lies in an inability to use lipids and a chronic inequality between anabolism and the catabolism that would be causal in weight gain. According to WHO, obesity has reached the proportions of a global epidemic (more than one in ten adults in the world is obese)...... ReadMore

Masoomeh Gholizadeh, Nouraddin Abdi Goushbolagh*

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Obesity is a universal pathological condition that affected human health seriously. It would be better to say that, treatment methods of obesity have not been effective to date [1]. This problem evoke researchers into a great challenge to overcome it [2]. Broadly speaking, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in lipid accumulation [3]. Oxidative stress is an indispensable phenomenon for the adipocyte accumulation [4-6]. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that is increasing worldwide due to population aging, urbanization and obesity. Above all, it causes accelerate mortality rate. Increased oxidative stress plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications...... ReadMore

Joanne Chan*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000138

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Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting up to 23% of patients in nursing homes or acute hospital settings [1-3]. Inadequate healing of pressure ulcers increases a patient’s susceptibility to life-threatening infections and prolonged hospital stays, leading to increased healthcare expenditure. Therefore, interventions to prevent ulcers or accelerate ulcer healing are essential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of pressure ulcers on healthcare systems...... ReadMore

Abdel-Rahim AA, Adam AG, Zeitoun MH*, Abd El-Hamid SE and El-Gendi WM

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000137

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Background: Insulin resistance in subjects with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular death. The immediate effect of hemodialysis Session on the state of insulin resistance in patients with ESRD is not very clear and requires further studies. Methods: This self-control study was carried out at the Alexandria Main University Hospital; the study included 100 subjects with ESRD on regular hemodialysis (50 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 subjects without diabetes mellitus). Fasting plasma glucose, Fasting serum insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), blood urea, serum creatinine and arterial bicarbonate were assessed before and after the hemodialysis sessions. Results: The mean HOMA-IR was 4.58 in subjects with diabetes..... ReadMore

Michael E Røder*, Maria Skovlund Herreborg and Jan Erik Henriksen

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000131

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In general, patients with diabetes still have an increased mortality risk, increased risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications and a decreased quality of life. Despite better options for treatment and care, to many diabetes patients are still not in optimized treatment control in order to avoid complications. In Denmark there is a long tradition for focused diabetes treatment and care, as well as research and manufacturing insulin and other antihyperglycemic drugs. Five Steno Diabetes Centers, one in each region of Denmark, have emerged as a part of the Danish Health Care System. The overall aim for these centers is to provide optimized treatment and care for all patients with diabetes regardless of age, type of diabetes, co-morbidity and where in the Health Care System the patient is treated..... ReadMore

Zainab Feroz, Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu, Noohu Abdulla Khan, Narasimman Gurusamy, Girish C Shukla and Munish Kumar*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000136

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Diabetes Mellitus (DM; chronic metabolic disorder) is turning out to be pandemic with India (2nd most populous country) as its epicenter; preying on health and economy of people of all ages, sex, and ethnicity. It affects all the major systems of the human body and is an underlying factor for all the other ailments, including cancers. Available anti-diabetic drugs are only able to reduce the detrimental effects of diabetes and its related complications, but still, the complete cure is unabated. Additionally, in low-middle-income countries, the economic burden of drugs on the common man is a major hindering issue in the management of disease outcome. Among the general population, the most commonly known types of this disease are type I and type II DM. Despite strenuous efforts taken by governments ..... ReadMore

Hariprasad MG*, Rema Razdan and Yasha TC

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000135

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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a multi-etiological microvascular complication. Prolong hyperglycemia leads to formation of advance glycation end product (AGE) and oxidative stress which are contributors of nerve dysfunction. DPN manifests as pain, slowing of nerve conduction velocity (NCV), sensory loss etc. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the individual and combined protective effect of benfotiamine (BT) and thyroxine (T4) against Streptozotocin (STZ) induced DPN in rats. After 48 hours of a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg bw i.p) diabetic rats were administered BT (100 mg/kg p.o.), T4 (1mg/kg.s.c,) and their combination. Diabetic rats at 5th week, exhibited significant decrease in body weight, hyperalgesia, decreased muscle coordination, grip strength and NCV. Antioxidant activity of reduced glutathione (GSH), cat..... ReadMore

Poondy Gopalratnam Raman*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000134

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Bromocriptine is used in treatment of diabetes mellitus. It acts by increasing dopaminergic activity in hypothalamus and lowers HbA1c by 0.6 to 0.9%. It is not to be used in type 1 diabetes and DKA...... ReadMore

Bhuyan KC*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000133

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The present study utilized the data collected from 662 children observed from 560 randomly selected families of students of American International University-Bangladesh. Among the investigated children and adolescents 465 were in underweight group. Obesity and severe obesity were observed among 9.1 percent children and adolescents and prevalence of diabetes was observed among 22.8 percent respondents. The percentage of respondents affected by different diseases except diabetes was 13.4. It was evident that level of obesity, prevalence of diabetes and prevalence of other diseases were significantly associated, and level of obesity was associated with different socioeconomic characters of the parents and of the respondents. Parents’ education, age of children, family income and food habit of the ..... ReadMore

KC Bhuyan*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000132

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The social aspects of medical research and research in life science deal with data collected from randomly selected investigating units either by direct interview or by doing some controlled experiments. The objective of investigation is to verify the existence of some pre-assumed hypothesis and belief. Whatever be the objective of the research, the study is done using the collected data, where the data are either categorical or numerical or both. There are many advanced statistical methods [1] to handle the data, especially if the data are numerical. Limited number of methods of analysis is there to handle the categorical data. But proper statistical methods are to be applied to study the unknown the characteristics in the population. O..... ReadMore

Michael E Røder*, Maria Skovlund Herreborg and Jan Erik Henriksen

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000131

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In general, patients with diabetes still have an increased mortality risk, increased risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications and a decreased quality of life. Despite better options for treatment and care, to many diabetes patients are still not in optimized treatment control in order to avoid complications. In Denmark there is a long tradition for focused diabetes treatment and care, as well as research and manufacturing insulin and other antihyperglycemic drugs. Five Steno Diabetes Centers, one in each region of Denmark, have emerged as a part of the Danish Health Care System. The overall aim for these centers is to provide optimized treatment and care for all patients with diabetes regardless of age, type of diabetes, co-morbidity and where in the Health Care System the patient is treated..... ReadMore

Khalid S Aljabri, Ibrahim M Alnasser, Samia A Bokhari, Saad Zuair, Waleed O Bawzeer and Mohammad A Melibari

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000130

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The widespread use of computed tomography (CT) has resulted in the frequent incidental discovery of asymptomatic adrenal masses. The aim of the present study was to report retrospectively a 4-year CT studies of the frequency of adrenal incidentalomas (AI) in a tightly defined geographical area in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was waived. The CT reports of 15,600 abdominal CT examinations from our institution at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia performed from January 2015 to December 2018 were searched for the word “adrenal” in the impression. The search identified 87patients with adrenal lesions which constituted the subject material for the study...... ReadMore

Khalid S Aljabri*, Samia A Bokhari, Muneera A Alshareef, Patan M Khan, Abdulla M Mallosho, Hesham M AbuElsaoud, Mohammad M Jalal, Rania F Safwat, Rehab El Boraie, Nawaf K Aljabri and Bandari K Aljabri

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.01.000126

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Background and Objective: The association between diabetes and thyroid dysfunction were studied. To estimate retrospectively the frequency of hypothyroidism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Saudi community-based hospital. Design: We analyzed retrospectively 3760 participants whom are between the age 20 to 98 years. All patients were from the population of the Primary health centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All data were collected on the basis of a review of electronic medical data. Patients with TSH above the normal range of TSH for our laboratory reference (4.2 MIU/L, history of hypothyroidism and taking thyroid replacement therapy were included. Patient who are pregnant were excluded. Results: Out of the initial screening of 6023 subjects, 3760 subjects were included. The..... ReadMore

Pramod Stephen*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.01.000125

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From the beginning time people go for bowel outside in the fields and when he was doing bowel that time how much time he spends that place he must live in the environments of the bowel odor. And till now after many improvements of toilets we must live in odor of poop in our toilets. we use perfume detergent cake and any kind of chemicals to remove odor, but odor mixed with perfume or chemical and disturb our nose to brain and our mood become distress. and when our brain gets disturb then our metabolic process is also disturbing. Poop odor spread soon after and its cover near about 5 to 8 feet diameters within 30 second and by smell flies and other insects attack the night soil. because it is good food for them. By the odor of bowel, we can get air borne diseases and other ..... ReadMore

Poondy Gopalratnam Raman*

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2018.01.000124

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Patients with type-2 diabetes have more than half the day in the post meal state. Elevation in post meal plasma glucose is due to loss of first phase insulin secretion, decreased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and consequent decreased suppression of hepatic glucose output after meals due to insulin deficiency. Elevated or exaggerated post meal response is directly responsible for endothelial dysfunction and pro-atherogenic states. Post-meal hyperglycemia is a prominent early defect in type-2 diabetes patients...... ReadMore

Poondy Gopalratnam Raman

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2018.01.000123

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Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. There is no permanent cure for Diabetes. Only way is to replace insulin producing beta-cells. Whole pancreatic transplantation and purified pancreatic islets transplantation are the answer to cure for diabetes. But scarcity of suitable donor and morbidity, high cost involved are limiting factors for pancreatic transplantation. Islet cell transplantation is less invasive procedure and safer than total pancreatic transplantation established in year 2000. Isolated islets carry less antigenic property..... ReadMore

Shamim Shaikh Mohiuddin* and Poornima Manjrekar

DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2018.01.000121

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Low grade inflammatory condition which is predominately cytokine-mediated is observed to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes as well as role this inflammatory condition cannot be ruled out in involvement in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Since maximum world populations are at high risk of developing diabetes, we tested this hypothesis by estimating circulating acute phase proteins in freshly diagnosed type 2 (T-2) as well as type1(T-1) diabetic patients...... ReadMore