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Case Report
September 02, 2020
Ahed J Alkhatib*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000150
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Diabetes type 2 represents a global health problem, and it is expected to influence approximately 530 million people by 2030. Usually, diabetes type 2 is developed through more than one stage. Prediabetes is a preliminary stage of diabetes before developing full episodes of diabetes.Diabetes type 2 can be preventable following appropriate lifestyles. The main objective of this study is to describe a case with liver cirrhosis and the patient was recommended for liver transplantation. Following reviewing of his profile, it was apparent that the patient had prediabetes (glucose level was 126mg/dl). The patient was recommended to use tadalafil 5 mg
daily to offer improvement of liver function based on previous experience. Glucose level was daily measured. It was interestingly found that glucose levels were restored to normal levels between 8.....
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Review Article
August 05, 2020
Nasser Mikhail MD*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000149
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Background: The 2 drug classes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are approved for type 2 diabetes, but their concomitant use was not sufficiently studied.Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of the combination of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Systematic review of English literature by search of electronic databases: Pub/MEDLINE from 2000 until July 2, 2020. Search terms included GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, combination therapy, add-on therapy, type 2 diabetes, efficacy, safety. Randomized trials were included with more focus on double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Post-hoc analysis and consensus guidelines are also reviewed......
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Review Article
July 10, 2020
Nasser Mikhail MD* and Soma Wali MD
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000148
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Background: Diabetes disproportionably impacts minorities in the USA.
Objective: To review the latest data regarding diabetes epidemiology and management among different ethnic groups in the
USA.
Methods: PubMed research of all pertinent articles up to June 29, 2020. Search terms included diabetes, ethnicity, African Americans, Blacks, Hispanics, Latinos, Asians, minorities, glycemic control, obesity, lifestyle changes, treatment, metformin, sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Type of studies included are randomized, observational, epidemiological, consensus guidelines, and review articles.
Results: Diabetes prevalence and incidence in adults continue to increase among African Americans and Hispanics. In youths, the fastest increase in type 1 and type 2 diabetes occurs among Asians/Pacific Islanders followed by Hispanics and Af.....
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Research Article
February 11, 2020
Magnus Michael Chukwudike Anyakudo*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000146
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High cost of conventional diabetic wound management is of public interest due to their social and economic burden on the individuals and care givers. This experimentally-controlled designed study compared the wound healing potentials of natural products: Honey, Olive oil, Pawpaw fruit (unripe mesocarp) extract (PFE) and Iodine (positive control) in diabetic rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats categorized into four groups (n = 7, each) weighing between 150 - 200g were used for this study which lasted four weeks. A full thickness excision wound of circular area 300 mm2 and 2 mm in-depth was inflicted on all rats after light anesthesia with i.v. ketamine (90mg/kg b.w.). Aliquot portions of Olive oil, Honey, Iodine and PFE were topically applied to the opened wounds twice a day. Wound areas were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 using a tr.....
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Review Article
January 31, 2020
Evangeline P Costelo, Gerry H Tan*, Lisa Marie Saldanha and Karen Wai
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000145
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Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients of Filipino physicians.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey conducted from January to March 2014 among physician-members of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists-Philippine Chapter, Diabetes Philippines, Philippine Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Philippine Society of Pediatric Metabolism & Endocrinology.
Results: The prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients of respondents was 0.091% with all patients aged 10 to 18 years old. More than half were symptomatic and most of them were managed by adult endocrinologist and adult diabetologist. There were 73.8% of patients who were initially managed with Metformin and about 56.55% who were c.....
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Ala Akram Zaidan*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2020.02.000144
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Would you like a piece of bakes potatoes? NOOOO, I am Diabetic. An answer that we usually face with people with Diabetes Type Two. And mostly whenever we ask them who told you that you are not allowed to eat carbohydrates, the answer is our Endocrinologist! As Clinical Dietitian, I am facing this case on daily basis average. Now, let me tell you that this is not the way. Diabetes type two diets should contain 45-50% of Carbohydrates Does this mean that 50% of my food can be from chocolates and candies? Neither this is the case. Another question to be added: Does this diet help with Obesity? The answer is YES! There are a lot of weight loss diets that are rounding in the field these days. As per my experience, the Diabetes Diet is the only diet that help in weight loss and in the same time .....
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Research Article
December 02, 2019
Marjiana Ângela Zin, Gisele Maria Tonin da Costa, Rodrigo Poderoso de Souza* and Andrigo Zaar
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000143
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Obesity is increasingly present in the population and raises the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in body composition, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides of obese adults. The sample was costituida twelve male volunteers subjected to hold a bone densitometry analysis with body composition (DEXA) and examinations that Inca ram plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides in the blood. The volunteers were inserted into three training models: Aerobic Training (AeT), Anaerobic Training (AnT) and Concurrent Training (CT). The training period was twelve weeks, with three sessions per week lasting 60 minutes. The AeT group took part in running sessions with cycling sessions. The AnT group performed bodybuilding exercises. The CT group combined t.....
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Research Article
November 14, 2019
Keshab Chandra Bhuyan*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000142
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The present analysis was based on data collected from 785 adults investigated from families of 2% randomly selected students of American International University-Bangladesh. The students themselves collected the information from their adult family members through a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Among the investigated unit’s 49.4 percent were suffering from at least one of the non-communicable diseases. Majority (85.3%) of the NCDs affected adults were diabetic patients. The NCDs affected people were classified by their socioeconomic characters and type of disease and association between type of disease and level of some of socioeconomic characters was observed by chi-square test. Type of disease was significantly associated with residential status, age, height, occupation, income, marital status and physical l.....
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Research Article
November 12, 2019
J Padee, UP Ranasinghe, RS Jayatilake, M Sullivan, A Egun and S Rajbhandari*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000141
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Objectives: Assess the effect on lower limb major amputation rate following the introduction of the multi-disciplinary foot clinic in a defined relatively static population in the North West of England.
Methods: Data surrounding all lower limb amputations in diabetic patients between 1997 and 2010 were retrospectively collected and analysed.
Results: Results demonstrated significant increase in minor amputations but numerical reduction in major amputations. There was significant change in ratio of minor to major amputation. When annual fluctuation was averaged out over 5-year period, the annual major amputation per 100,000 patients reduced from 6.6 to 5.1 with increase in minor amputations from 2.0 to 5.9.
Discussion: A reductions in major amputations rate with increase in minor amputations .....
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Research Article
October 03, 2019
Fatma Mnif*, Loukil F, Sahnoun R, Arous A, Messoud T and Abid M
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000140
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Obesity is an excess of fat in the body, resulting from an imbalance between daily caloric intake and energy expenses, it was recognized as a disease in 1997 by the World Health Organization (WHO). A classic view of its etiology lies in an inability to use lipids and a chronic inequality between anabolism and the catabolism that would be causal in weight gain. According to WHO, obesity has reached the proportions of a global epidemic (more than one in ten adults in the world is obese)......
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Opinion
September 30, 2019
Masoomeh Gholizadeh, Nouraddin Abdi Goushbolagh*
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Obesity is a universal pathological condition that affected human health seriously. It would be better to say that, treatment methods of obesity have not been effective to date [1]. This problem evoke researchers into a great challenge to overcome it [2]. Broadly speaking, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in lipid accumulation [3]. Oxidative stress is an indispensable phenomenon for the adipocyte accumulation [4-6]. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that is increasing worldwide due to population aging, urbanization and obesity. Above all, it causes accelerate mortality rate. Increased oxidative stress plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications......
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Review Article
September 17, 2019
Joanne Chan*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000138
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Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting up to 23% of patients in nursing homes or acute hospital settings [1-3]. Inadequate healing of pressure ulcers increases a patient’s susceptibility to life-threatening infections and prolonged hospital stays, leading to increased healthcare expenditure. Therefore, interventions to prevent ulcers or accelerate ulcer healing are essential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of pressure ulcers on healthcare systems......
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Research Article
August 23, 2019
Abdel-Rahim AA, Adam AG, Zeitoun MH*, Abd El-Hamid SE and El-Gendi WM
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000137
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Background: Insulin resistance in subjects with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular death. The immediate effect of hemodialysis Session on the state of insulin resistance in patients with ESRD is not very clear and requires further studies.
Methods: This self-control study was carried out at the Alexandria Main University Hospital; the study included 100 subjects with ESRD on regular hemodialysis (50 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 subjects without diabetes mellitus). Fasting plasma glucose, Fasting serum insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), blood urea, serum creatinine and arterial bicarbonate were assessed before and after the hemodialysis sessions.
Results: The mean HOMA-IR was 4.58 in subjects with diabetes.....
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Review Article
August 17, 2019
Michael E Røder*, Maria Skovlund Herreborg and Jan Erik Henriksen
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000131
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In general, patients with diabetes still have an increased mortality risk, increased risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications and a decreased quality of life. Despite better options for treatment and care, to many diabetes patients are still not in optimized treatment control in order to avoid complications. In Denmark there is a long tradition for focused diabetes treatment and care, as well as research and manufacturing insulin and other antihyperglycemic drugs. Five Steno Diabetes Centers, one in each region of Denmark, have emerged as a part of the Danish Health Care System. The overall aim for these centers is to provide optimized treatment and care for all patients with diabetes regardless of age, type of diabetes, co-morbidity and where in the Health Care System the patient is treated.....
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Review Article
August 06, 2019
Zainab Feroz, Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu, Noohu Abdulla Khan, Narasimman Gurusamy, Girish C Shukla and Munish Kumar*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000136
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM; chronic metabolic disorder) is turning out to be pandemic with India (2nd most populous country) as its epicenter; preying on health and economy of people of all ages, sex, and ethnicity. It affects all the major systems of the human body and is an underlying factor for all the other ailments, including cancers. Available anti-diabetic drugs are only able to reduce the detrimental effects of diabetes and its related complications, but still, the complete cure is unabated. Additionally, in low-middle-income countries, the economic burden of drugs on the common man is a major hindering issue in the management of disease outcome. Among the general population, the most commonly known types of this disease are type I and type II DM. Despite strenuous efforts taken by governments .....
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Research Article
July 19, 2019
Hariprasad MG*, Rema Razdan and Yasha TC
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000135
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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a multi-etiological microvascular complication. Prolong hyperglycemia leads to formation of advance glycation end product (AGE) and oxidative stress which are contributors of nerve dysfunction. DPN manifests as pain, slowing of nerve conduction velocity (NCV), sensory loss etc. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the individual and combined protective effect of benfotiamine (BT) and thyroxine (T4) against Streptozotocin (STZ) induced DPN in rats. After 48 hours of a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg bw i.p) diabetic rats were administered BT (100 mg/kg p.o.), T4 (1mg/kg.s.c,) and their combination. Diabetic rats at 5th week, exhibited significant decrease in body weight, hyperalgesia, decreased muscle coordination, grip strength and NCV. Antioxidant activity of reduced glutathione (GSH), cat.....
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Review Article
July 09, 2019
Poondy Gopalratnam Raman*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000134
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Bromocriptine is used in treatment of diabetes mellitus. It acts by increasing dopaminergic activity in hypothalamus and lowers HbA1c by 0.6 to 0.9%. It is not to be used in type 1 diabetes and DKA......
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Research Article
July 08, 2019
Bhuyan KC*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000133
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The present study utilized the data collected from 662 children observed from 560 randomly selected families of students of American International University-Bangladesh. Among the investigated children and adolescents 465 were in underweight group. Obesity and severe obesity were observed among 9.1 percent children and adolescents and prevalence of diabetes was observed among 22.8 percent respondents. The percentage of respondents affected by different diseases except diabetes was 13.4. It was evident that level of obesity, prevalence of diabetes and prevalence of other diseases were significantly associated, and level of obesity was associated with different socioeconomic characters of the parents and of the respondents. Parents’ education, age of children, family income and food habit of the .....
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Review Article
June 06, 2019
KC Bhuyan*
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000132
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The social aspects of medical research and research in life science deal with data collected from randomly selected investigating units either by direct interview or by doing some controlled experiments. The objective of investigation is to verify the existence of some pre-assumed hypothesis and belief. Whatever be the objective of the research, the study is done using the collected data, where the data are either categorical or numerical or both. There are many advanced statistical methods [1] to handle the data, especially if the data are numerical. Limited number of methods of analysis is there to handle the categorical data. But proper statistical methods are to be applied to study the unknown the characteristics in the population. O.....
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Review Article
May 06, 2019
Michael E Røder*, Maria Skovlund Herreborg and Jan Erik Henriksen
DOI : 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000131
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In general, patients with diabetes still have an increased mortality risk, increased risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications and a decreased quality of life. Despite better options for treatment and care, to many diabetes patients are still not in optimized treatment control in order to avoid complications. In Denmark there is a long tradition for focused diabetes treatment and care, as well as research and manufacturing insulin and other antihyperglycemic drugs. Five Steno Diabetes Centers, one in each region of Denmark, have emerged as a part of the Danish Health Care System. The overall aim for these centers is to provide optimized treatment and care for all patients with diabetes regardless of age, type of diabetes, co-morbidity and where in the Health Care System the patient is treated.....
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