Jian Yuan*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2020.03.000160

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Freshwater toxic cyanobacteria can produce potent cyanotoxins which are detrimental and lethal to animals. Water from farm ponds contaminated by cyanotoxins can carry the toxins to nearby livestock facilities, posing a threat of animal poisoning when toxins reach a dangerous level. Therefore, fast and precise means should be conducted to reveal the existence and levels of cyanotoxins and toxic cyanobacteria to find out such threats in a timely fashion......ReadMore

García López R*, Elías A, Ariannys León, Delfín Gutierrez and María Rosa González Medina

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2020.03.000159

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A total of 46 milking cows (animals in production) were selected, with a live weight of 454kg in their third lactation. Production at the beginning of the experiment was 11.3 liters/day, the animals were under the same driving conditions, the main food base was the star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) and a load of 2 cows/ha with a rotation period of 35 days. The animals were distributed in two groups by treatment (23 with Norgold and 23 with VITAFERT), each group was formed with animals from 10 to 100 days of lactation distributed in two treatments. Treatment 1: Norgold per cow per day. Treatment 2: 1.65kg of Norgold and 2 liters of VITAFERT (4.4ml/kg body) per cow per day......ReadMore

Pro-Martínez A, Cuca-García JM, Matus-Aragón MA, Zárate-Contreras D, Sosa-Montes E, Osio-Orihuela L, Reyes-Bello JG and González-Cerón F*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.03.000158

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Nicarbazin (NCZ) is an equimolar complex of 4,4’-dinitrocarbanilide and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine [1]. It is an anticoccidial agent used in the poultry industry. Its main function is to prevent multiplication and proliferation of parasites of Eimeria genus in the intestinal tract, avoiding tissue damage, decreased feed consumption, reduced nutrient absorption, dehydration, blood loss, skin depigmentation and susceptibility to other pathogens in birds [2]. Nevertheless, its application has not been entirely beneficial. Ott et al. [1] reported that feeding laying hens with 100 ppm or more of NCZ caused depigmentation of the brown shell and reduced hatchability in approximately 60%. Although the mode of action of .....ReadMore

De La Cruz Baltazar Eliab*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.03.000157

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With the objective of contributing data regarding the characteristic cellular forms in vaginal smear of Llamas (Lama glama) and to determine their structural forms in different physiologic states, pregnant, nurslings and you empty, they were carried out vaginal smear of 15 Llamas in captivity condition in the State of Jalisco, Mexico......ReadMore

Iqra Bano*, Shokat Jamal, Mohammed Zeb khan, Hira Sajjad, Changaiz Baloch, and Khurram Shahzad

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.03.000156

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The camel is domesticated in various regions of Asia and Africa, it is considered as a friendly and harmless animal that can survive in hard environmental conditions and provides sources of income to its owners in form of milk, meat, and skin by-products. Camel milk is highly nutritive and possesses some unique characteristics which are being investigated nowadays by many researchers and surprising results revealed that it can be utilized as a natural cure for various life-threatening diseases. This work is aimed to review and highlight the importance of camel milk and its therapeutic properties......ReadMore

Ramon Armengol1* and Marta Bassols

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.03.000155

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During a farm animal’s life, there are a lot of situations that carry stress and induce immunosuppression, increasing the risk of infections and diseases. At the same time, veterinarians and farmers make a big effort (technical and economical) to increase immunity, setting complete vaccination programs......ReadMore

Gaber Ahmed Megahed*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.03.000154

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The aim of this article is to highlight innovative scientific research that deserves attention about ozone treatment to overcome livestock infertility problems. Reproductive efficiency is essential for sustainable dairy and meat productions and failures in reproduction lead to economic losses......ReadMore

Kegan Romelle Jones* and Gary Wayne Garcia

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.03.000152

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This review serves to summarize blood cell and serum biochemical values of the agouti (Dasyprocta spp.). The majority of the researches on the blood and biochemical profiles on the agouti were done in many countries, namely Columbia, Brazil, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago. The literature collected for this review spanned over twenty (20) years from 1997 to 2019. The haematological and biochemical values recorded at various locations were tabulated to give a composite reference range for Dasyprocta spp. The blood cells of the agouti were similar to those found in rodents and human with no differences seen in cell types seen between agoutis of different ages or sexes. The majority of articles showed that there was no difference in blood and biochemical values between ages or sexes. However, there were differences seen in calcium and phosphorus l.....ReadMore

Celal İzci, İlhami Çelik*, Muharrem Erol and Ebru Gökşahin

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.03.000151

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Background: The ruminant claw horn lesions seriously diminish histological structure and functional efficiency of the digital cushion of the dairy cows.Objective: To investigate histological and histochemical properties of the digital cushion in the dairy cow with claw horn lesions, such as white line disease, sole damage and hemorrhage. Results: The results showed that digital cushion loses its normal histological structure in claw horn lesions. Conclusion: Further biochemical, physiological and feeding studies on the experimentally induced claw horn lesions are necessary to understand the nature of the events playing roles involving animal feeding in the development of the lesions, to develop new animal feeding trategies aiming to protect and maintain the normal structure of the digital cushion......ReadMore

Muhammad Sharif *, Hammad Qamar and Ayesha Abdul Wahid

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000150

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This research study was planned to evaluate the influence of various rumen degradable protein levels on growth performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in male Beetal kids. Twenty kids having 5-6 months of age were distributed into four groups. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated containing 35, 45, 55 and 65% rumen degradable proteins and were represented as 35RDP, 45RDP, 55RDP and 65RDP, respectively. Feed was offered twice a day. The experiment lasted for 90 days during which data about feed intake/ refusal and body weight was recorded. Blood samples (n=3) from each group were collected fortnightly to determine BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and pH. Higher dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber intake and digestibility w.....ReadMore

Vitaly Dobronosov*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000149

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Research purpose was establishment of distribution’s width of painted lady butterfly across Eurasia because of mass migration of 2019. The publications in media, private messages of detached onlookers and standard techniques of visual observations and photo fixings on routes were used. For assessment of abundance of butterflies, the method of the quantitative account of Lepidoptera for the biogeographical purposes by visual accounting of quantity of the met specimens on a route per unit of time was used. This method, despite many critical remarks for high relativity (inaccuracy), allows gaining an impression about the number of specimens in the particular territory without mass catching and, respectively, extermination of butterflies. The digital camera was used to photo shots. Field observations were made during migration of butterflie.....ReadMore

Moyano*, Marini PR, Fischman ML

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000147

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Agriculture is a feasible option for inhabitants of the Ecuadorian Amazon Region. For it to be efficient, it is essential that input technologies and processes that generate social, environmental and economic-productive benefits are applied without harming the sustainability of the system. The objective of the work was to evaluate the biological efficiency of hair sheep in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region through productive and reproductive indicators. The animals used - Blackbelly hair sheep - belong to the flock at the Centre for Research, Postgraduate Studies and the Conservation of Amazonian Biodiversity (CIPCA). They were reared over four hectares under the same environmental, nutritional and management conditions. The CIPCA is located in the Arosemena Tola canton, Napo province, Ecuador, 44km along the .....ReadMore

Babale DM* and Augustine C

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000146

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The aim of this study was to evaluate growth performance of intact West African Dwarf bucks fed varying levels of local brewers’ dried grain with ber (Ziziphus jujube) leaves basal diet. Twelve (12) West African Dwarf bucks with average age of Twelve (12) months weighing 13 (+_0.7) Kg were used for the experiment. They were subjected to four experimental diets consisting of ber leaves (Ziziphus jujube) as basal diet, supplemented with local brewers’ dried grain at 50g, 100g, 150g and 200g designated as treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. These treatments were replicated three times each. These diets were fed to the animals throughout the experimental period of 63 days. At the end of the experimental period, harness bags were used in collecting faecal droppings to dete.....ReadMore

Ghulam Shabir Barham*, Muhammad Haroon Baloch, Atta Hussain Shah, Gul Bahar Khaskheli, Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado, Mansoor Tariq4 and Asad Ali Khaskheli

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000144

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Current study was designed to assess the quality of milk vended by different intermediaries at the surrounding of Nosharoferoz city during the year 2016-17. A total of 100 milk samples were collected each of twenty (n=20) from dairy farms, milk collectors, milk venders, processors and retailers brought in the Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam for analysis. Among all the detected adulterants in market milk, water was at the top followed by detergent, rice flour, starch, cane sugar, formalin, caustic soda, salt, urea, H2O2, glucose, arrowroot, SMP, vegetable oil and dalda ghee. The extent of extraneous water in milk sold by retailers, milk venders and milk collectors were found significantly (P˂0.05) high com.....ReadMore

Vitaly Dobronosov*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000143

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Traditionally in Mountain Digoria there were engaged in distant-pasture and pastoral livestock production both in the summer, and in the winter. As a result of our researches from 1994 to 2018 using the standard methods of visual observations, collecting, photo fixing and cameral processing of entomological materials in mountain Digoria were caught and defined 34 species of zoophilous flies. These flies are one of the most widespread temporary parasites of cattle. The researches were conducted at near settlements and wild pastures. Taxonomical structure was created, and the list of the established species was made. Zoophilous flies causes stresses in pets, exhaust a lot of blood, put morbid stings, extend causative agents of infectious and invasive diseases, and are the intermediate owners of helminths, spoil products, forages, increase a.....ReadMore

Mebrate Getabalew, Tewodros Alemneh* and Dawit Akeberegn

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000142

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Agriculture accounts for about 47%-56% of the total anthropogenic methane (CH4) emission. It is known that from the agricultural sector, ruminant livestock (dairy, beef, goats, and sheep) substantially contributes to the increase in CH4 production through continuous natural rumen fermentation process. Methane emission is now the second contributor to global warming, which it has 23 times more influence than that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Many factors affect the amount of ruminant CH4 production, including level of feed intake, type and quality of feeds, energy consumption, animal size, growth rate, level of production, and environmental temperature. Methane also produced from manure of animals depending on the physical form of the faeces, the amount of digestible material, the climate, and the time they remained intact. The major part of.....ReadMore

Berwyn Clarke*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000141

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Most consumers of dairy products accept that pasteurization provides a guarantee that products are safe to eat and drink. However, research [1] using a new highly sensitive technology has revealed that live mycobacteria can exist in retail milk even after pasteurization and explains how this may happen. Live Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) - which causes Johne�s disease in cattle and has been implicated in Crohn�s disease in humans - was found in just over 10% of shop-bought pasteurized milk samples that were tested in the UK. The prevalence of MAP is higher than previous studies have shown due to the high sensitivity of the new phage-based technology that was used to conduct the milk testing. In the study of 386 samples of retail-purchased milk, Actiphage was able to detect live mycobacteria at levels as low as .....ReadMore

José Denis-Robichaud, John Morris Fairbrother, Flavien Ndongo Kassé, and Jocelyn Dubuc*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000140

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An association between postpartum intrauterine Escherichia coli and subsequent reproductive tract diseases such as purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and endometritis (ENDO) has been found inconsistently in previous research. This inconsistency may be due to differences in the pathogenicity and presence of certain virulence factors in the various strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of intrauterine E. coli virulence factor (VF) genes after parturition and subsequent reproductive tract diseases in postpartum dairy cows. Intrauterine swabs were collected from cows 4 (± 3) DIM. The swabs were plated to identify E. coli, Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Prevotella melaninogenica. A subgroup of the E. coli samples was submitted for colo.....ReadMore

Tewodros Alemneh*, Mebrate Getabalew and Dawit Akeberegn

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000139

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Fasciolosis is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats and occasionally humans. It is caused by a trematode called Fasciola with the two most common species of Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica). The parasites encyst in the bile ducts and liver parenchyma of animals. Fasciolosis is common in marshy water bodies where favorable for its intermediate host. Snails of the genus Lymnae facilitate its survival and ubiquity worldwide. The disease causes serious economic losses annually, either directly or indirectly, by disrupting animal production. Therefore; this introductory review highlights on the occurrence, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of fasciolosis......ReadMore

Leonel Avendano Reyes*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000137

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Arid and semi-arid regions of the world are characterized by extreme climatic conditions with very low rainfall availability. Livestock production systems located in these zones are threatened by very high ambient temperatures as well as feed scarcity, especially during summer months [1,2]. This scenario is predicted to be worsened because of Global Warming, which involves a projection of an annual increased in global surface temperature of about 3.7 to 4.8�C by the year 2100 [3]. Holstein cows in hot environments can be at risk of heat stress, which affect their productivity and well-being. Feed intake is negatively affected by heat stress, leading to a reduction in milk production and quality, as well as depressed reproductive efficiency of Holstein cows and heifers. A common management practice is to apply artificial cooling to cows .....ReadMore