Concepts of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences

Srinath Kamineni MD*, Alan Ruggles and Hamza Ashfaq

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000135

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Ultrasonic debridement as a treatment for tendinopathy and desmitis is a relatively new approach in orthopedic surgery. Previously only used in limited cases, this procedure shows promise for treating ligament-bone and tendon-bone interface injuries. We present a case study of a 2-year-old thoroughbred male horse, unable to train due to recalcitrant symptoms after extensive conservative management of suspensory branch desmitis (SBD). He was then treated with ultrasonic debridement and concurrent manubrial stem cell autograft injection, to treat the ultrasound visualized lesion. Post-surgically the patient recovered quickly, began training within 6 weeks and went onto win several races. Repeat ultrasound imaging reveals a complete restoration of the internal fiber architecture of the lig.....

F Rosa*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000132

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The popularity of the circular economy is due to the increasing amount of waste-produced in the agro-food processing industry; new solution of waste recycling with biotech innovation are available. In the EU 3.5 ton per capita of waste are annually produced, including more than 400kg per person per year of domestic waste. The projections suggest that this increase at worldwide level, will continue at least until 2030 and there is no real evidence of decoupling between waste and economic growth despite progresses in waste recycling. While all sectors are potentially eligible for funding under the Eco-innovation initiative, certain activities have been singled out as priority areas because of their considerable impact on the env.....

Tamer Tashla1, Radivoj Prodanović1, Jelana Bo�ković1, Milena �u�a2, Dragan Sole�a1, Dragana Ljubojević3 and Nikola Puvača1*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000131

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Nowadays water pollution is the burning issue all over the world. Aquatic ecosystems are frequently contaminated with different toxicants through anthropogenic activities, and some of them such as metals may be naturally present and essential in low concentration but toxic and harmful in higher concentrations. Having in mind that not all chemical forms of pollutants are equally bioavailable, and some pollutants can be accumulated in living organisms to a greater extent than others, there is a need to study the levels of pollutants in the organisms to be able to predict the environmental risk. Thus, chemical analyses of the tissues of aquatic organisms are used as a routine approach in studies of aquatic pollution, providing a temporal integration of the levels of pollutants with biological relevance at higher concentrations than those pre.....

Nikola Puvača1*, Dragana Ljubojević2,Milica Živkov Baloš2,Olivera Đuragić3, Vojislava Bursić4,Gorica Vuković5,Radivoj Prodanović1 and Jelana Bošković1

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000130

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Mycotoxins are biologically active, toxic metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi mainly belonging to Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium species, which invade crops in the field and may grow on feedstuffs during storage under favourable conditions of temperature and humidity [1]. FAO estimated that about 25% of food and feedstuffs are contaminated with mycotoxins and strong efforts have been made to decontaminate them by the use of physical and chemical adsorbents but the success made so far is limited [2]. Like other environmental pollutants, mycotoxins also adversely affect the health and productivity in animals and esecially in poultry [3,4]. The economy of poultry industry is heavily affected due to wide mycotoxin exposure or contamination of various agricultural commodities. The economic losses are primarily due to the decreased g.....

Nikola Puvača

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000129

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Laying hens production has undergone a paradigm turnover in its primarily concept and operation from extensive backyard activity into a major commercial production. Antibiotics have been used as antimicrobial growth promoters in animal to improve food safety. However, in order to avoid the possible risk of developing resistant pathogens, as well as to meet the public pressure of antibiotic free animal products, the use of antibiotic in poultry diet was totally banned in European Community [1]. Various alternatives of phyto additives have been studied in order to maximize the growth performance of laying hens in the diets without antibiotics. Compared with synthetic antibiotics or inorganic chemicals, these plant derived products have proved to be less toxic, re.....

Nikola Puvača

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000128

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Usage of antibiotics concerning animal nutrition and as antimicrobial growth promoters is undoubtedly beneficial for the improvement of zootechnical performance parameters and prevention of disease. Nevertheless, because of the bio-security threats for human and animal health which come from escalating resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in animal products and the environment, there is a global need to remove antimicrobial growth promoters from animal diets. The intensive broiler production sector of the poultry industry is keen to optimise performance and minimise economic losses as a result of antimicrobial growth promoter removal, as well as ensuring the safety of broiler meat via the control or elimination of foodborne pathogens. The beneficial potential of various mi.....

Mohammad Reza Mohebbi

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Background: Small ruminants are known to play a very important role in food security in developing countries such as Iran. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify types and estimate the prevalence of foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum of involved sheep in the area, and also to evaluate the surgical approach prognosis. Results: Epidemic occurred in northwestern of Iran. After referring two cases with ruminal impaction to Tehran Veterinary Hospital, a precise clinical examination, epidemiology study, and a herd survey were done. Ultimately, surgery was selected to correct the problem. The incidence and mortality of the disorder were recorded 6/25% and 3.3% respectively. The prognosis of surgical approach was estimated 90%. On clinical examination of the ram revealed dullness.....

S Kirshna Kumar* , P Selvaraj V Maroudam, M Ranjith Kumar, M Raja and Y Krishna Mohan Reddy

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000126

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This present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of brucellosis and blue tongue in a trans humane sheep flock of Tamil Nadu, India. This Sheep flock had a history of inconsistent abortion, repeat breeder, poor fertility rate and higher prevalence of still birth. Serum samples were collected from sheep by random sampling. Serum samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate agglutination test (RBT) and ELISA. The risk factors like pregnancy, abortion, age and sex were correlated to the Brucella seropositivity. This study also assessed for the presence of Bluetongue in aborted sheep. It was found that ELISA could be the choice of test for testing of Brucellosis (with the percentage of 57.14). Clinically healthy rams were found to be with brucellosis seropositivity and posed infertility to ewes. It was observed that in trans humane f.....

Alper Erturk*, Murat Kaan Durgut, Amir Naseri and Mahmut Ok

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000125

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A 14-days old female Holstein calve was referred to the Large Animals Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University with a history of inappetence, weight loss and lethargy. On the initial examination, severe anemic mucosal membranes bilateral distended jugular veins and 4/6 degree holo-systolic tricuspidal murmur were presented. Echocardiographic and ultrasonographic findings showed LV systolic dysfunction and Right sided congestive heart failure. The high levels of CK-MB and cardiac troponin I demonstrated severe cardiac injury.....

Taís Casonato Rodrigues, Cecílio Viega Soares Filho, Iveraldo dos Santos Dutra and Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000124

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Buffalo herds are an important part of the agricultural economy but, unfortunately, this production chain is still not valued as such in some countries, presenting yields lower than expected. This review of the literature aims at discussing the importance of buffalo herds for the milk production in several countries and the need for increasing the production yields of this species. Buffaloes are even more important for the economies of developing countries, where the economic activity is based primarily on agriculture as in some Asian countries. Although all buffalo parts can be commercially explored, buffalo milk derivatives are the most profitable. Therefore, maximizing the yields of both meat and milk is highly desirable......

S Krishna kumar1*, R Madheswaran2, R Ravi1, M Ranjith kumar3, B Poovarajan4, S Kavitha5 and P Selvaraj1

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000123

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Fibromatous epulis, is a rare growth affecting the gingival mucosa of neonates. It is benign condition seen more frequently in females with multiple Epuli occurring in only 10% of cases. The cause and origin of fibromatous epulis remains unclear. This clinical investigations discussed about the epidemiology, clinical outcome, concurrent infection, biochemical and complete blood profile of a buffalo calf positive for epulis. Epulis arising from the upper and lower gingival margin, which were successfully managed therapeutically.....

Prabhurajeshwar C and Kelmani Chandrakanth R

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000121

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Objective: This paper has reviewed researches that acquired from peer-looked into literary works on Shigellosis. Food borne diseases identified with unhygienic nourishment taking care of practices remain a noteworthy general medical issue over the globe. The issue is thorough in creating nations because of limitations in securing most possible hygienic food handling practices......

Madhusudana Rao

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000120

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Dairying in India is not just a large economic activity but also an integral part of our social and cultural heritage. Trusting capabilities of our farmers and integrating them with superior, even imported, technology, feed and fodder is the way ahead. The sector requires renewed attention and investments from Government and agricultural research and development community. The Dairy business provides employment to the landless and land owners alike and the income thus generated checks urban to rural migration. In addition, milk, being a complete nutrition, will play a key role in combating malnutrition and poverty. India’s market potential and current growth rate of traditional dairy products is unmatched. Reconfiguration of the supply chain will not .....

MP Patel, BS Rathod, HC Nakhashi and BN Suthar

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000119

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Failure to passage a part or all of the allantochorionic membrane with or without the amniotic membranes within a prescribed period of the time after parturition is known as Retention of the Fetal Membranes (RFM). The length of time for expulsion of placenta in mare varies among authors from 30 minutes to 6-12 hours Vandeplassche [1], Blanchard [2] and Provercher [3]. This condition is reported to occur with a frequency of 2 to 10.5% in draught horses Allen [4]. The portion of the membranes most likely to be retained and the condition occurs more frequently in mares which have undergone abortion, dystocia, embryotomy and caesarean section Vandeplassche [1]......

Aremo John and Omojola Babatunde

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000118

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Singed Skin-on meat from Red Sokoto Goat is favourably consumed in Nigeria, different singeing materials: kerosene, wood, scrap tyre, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) randomly assigned to singed Red Sokoto Goats to evaluate the quantity of singeing materials, duration of singeing, quantity of detergents and time take to clean up the carcass. Significant difference (P<0.05) exist in the quantum of singeing materials and detergent used, the time required to remove soot and other particulate matter from singeing was least in LPG singed carcass (15.04 Minutes) while the duration for removing the physical and certain chemical contaminants from the carcass was significantly similar. Even though the quantity of tyre used was least, the duration of singeing using tyre was more than that of LPG. It was noted that the quantity of detergent i.....

Aklilu Biru , Zelalem Abera , Misgana Duguma and Ayantu Hundera

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000117

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It is known that long time before artificial insemination (AI) technology had only a single institution nationally i.e. National Artificial Insemination Center (NAIC) and which is found in Addis Ababa City, Kality area that is serving the community at national level. But now the government has given great emphasis establishing other four semen and liquid nitrogen production and distribution centers in four regional states. From these four AI technologies centers, one of them is instituted in Nekemte town, western Oromia, Ethiopia. This manual was conducted on procedures and utilization of artificial insemination (AI) technologies in Nekemte semen and liquid nitrogen and production and distribution centre, to determine how this technology is performed and to identify and.....

Jocelyn Dubuc, Marjolaine Rousseau, Jean-Philippe Roy and Sébastien Buczinski

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000116

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The objective of this herd-level study was to identify risk factors for an elevated prevalence of postpartum diseases such as displaced abomasum, Hyperketonemia, purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis, leukocyte esterase endometritis, and prolonged anovulation. A total of 100 commercial dairy farms participated in the study for which the unit of interest was the herd. Forty cows per herd (or all of the cows calving within a 1-year period if smaller than forty cows) were enrolled in the study representing a total of 3,776 cows which were followed until they reached 60 days in milk (DIM). Cows were examined for retained placenta (≥ 24h after calving), displaced abomasum (1-60DIM), Hyperketonemia (1-14DIM), purulent vaginal discharge (30-.....

Jocelyn Dubuc

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000115

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The objectives of this observational study were to determine the optimal progesteronemia threshold for defining an ovulation at 50 days in milk (DIM) in dairy cows and to identify risk factors for this condition. A total of 3,776 cows from 100 Holstein dairy herds were enrolled in this cow-level study. During farm visits, cows were bled at 1-14DIM to quantify ketonemia and glycemia, examined at 30-43 DIM to diagnose purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis, and leukocyte esterase endometritis, and were bled at a 14d interval to quantify progesteronemia. Multiple progesteronemia thresholds were tested to identify the one providing the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity to predict the pregnancy status at first service. The optimal threshold found for defining an ovulation at.....

MP Patel , BS Rathod and BN Suthara

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000114

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Immediate cause of dystocia requires certain preparations and precautions so that if dystocia occur, prompt handling may prevent injury or death of either or both the dam and fetus. The maternal causes of dystocia are largely those factors that produce a narrowing or stenos are of the birth passage or prevent the normal entrance of the fetus into the birth canal. Robert [1] stated that hereditary or congenital hypoplasia of the birth canal or vulva; compression or stenos is of the cervix, vagina, or vulva by indurations caused by scars and connective tissue usually from injuries at previous parturitions; failure of the cervix to dilate can leads to maternal dystocia......

Hilal Ahmad Punoo

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000113

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The standard practices for indirectly assessing the pasteurization status of milk products are primarily based on the thermal in activation kinetics of the endogenous milk enzyme, alkaline Phosphatase (ALP).This review provides an invaluable, tool for both regulatory and in house process control and validation. Endogenous milk ALP manifests a slightly higher heat resistance than the pathogenic micro flora upon which pasteurization time and temperature requirements are based. Therefore, ALP activity is recognized and accepted as the method of choice for the rapid validation of milk product pasteurization. However, ALP assays have notable limitations that must be understood if they are to be administered and interpreted correctly and the results are to be applied judiciously. Issues such as the reactivation of heat denatured ALP.....