Concepts of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences

Vitaly Dobronosov*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000143

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Traditionally in Mountain Digoria there were engaged in distant-pasture and pastoral livestock production both in the summer, and in the winter. As a result of our researches from 1994 to 2018 using the standard methods of visual observations, collecting, photo fixing and cameral processing of entomological materials in mountain Digoria were caught and defined 34 species of zoophilous flies. These flies are one of the most widespread temporary parasites of cattle. The researches were conducted at near settlements and wild pastures. Taxonomical structure was created, and the list of the established species was made. Zoophilous flies causes stresses in pets, exhaust a lot of blood, put morbid stings, extend causative agents of infectious and invasive diseases, and are the intermediate owners of helminths, spoil products, forages, increase a.....ReadMore

Mebrate Getabalew, Tewodros Alemneh* and Dawit Akeberegn

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000142

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Agriculture accounts for about 47%-56% of the total anthropogenic methane (CH4) emission. It is known that from the agricultural sector, ruminant livestock (dairy, beef, goats, and sheep) substantially contributes to the increase in CH4 production through continuous natural rumen fermentation process. Methane emission is now the second contributor to global warming, which it has 23 times more influence than that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Many factors affect the amount of ruminant CH4 production, including level of feed intake, type and quality of feeds, energy consumption, animal size, growth rate, level of production, and environmental temperature. Methane also produced from manure of animals depending on the physical form of the faeces, the amount of digestible material, the climate, and the time they remained intact. The major part of.....ReadMore

Tewodros Alemneh*, Mebrate Getabalew and Dawit Akeberegn

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000139

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Fasciolosis is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats and occasionally humans. It is caused by a trematode called Fasciola with the two most common species of Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica). The parasites encyst in the bile ducts and liver parenchyma of animals. Fasciolosis is common in marshy water bodies where favorable for its intermediate host. Snails of the genus Lymnae facilitate its survival and ubiquity worldwide. The disease causes serious economic losses annually, either directly or indirectly, by disrupting animal production. Therefore; this introductory review highlights on the occurrence, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of fasciolosis......ReadMore

Srinath Kamineni MD*, Alan Ruggles and Hamza Ashfaq

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2019.02.000135

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Ultrasonic debridement as a treatment for tendinopathy and desmitis is a relatively new approach in orthopedic surgery. Previously only used in limited cases, this procedure shows promise for treating ligament-bone and tendon-bone interface injuries. We present a case study of a 2-year-old thoroughbred male horse, unable to train due to recalcitrant symptoms after extensive conservative management of suspensory branch desmitis (SBD). He was then treated with ultrasonic debridement and concurrent manubrial stem cell autograft injection, to treat the ultrasound visualized lesion. Post-surgically the patient recovered quickly, began training within 6 weeks and went onto win several races. Repeat ultrasound imaging reveals a complete restoration of the internal fiber architecture of the lig.....ReadMore

F Rosa*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000132

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The popularity of the circular economy is due to the increasing amount of waste-produced in the agro-food processing industry; new solution of waste recycling with biotech innovation are available. In the EU 3.5 ton per capita of waste are annually produced, including more than 400kg per person per year of domestic waste. The projections suggest that this increase at worldwide level, will continue at least until 2030 and there is no real evidence of decoupling between waste and economic growth despite progresses in waste recycling. While all sectors are potentially eligible for funding under the Eco-innovation initiative, certain activities have been singled out as priority areas because of their considerable impact on the env.....ReadMore

Tamer Tashla1, Radivoj Prodanović1, Jelana Boković1, Milena Zuza2, Dragan Solesa1, Dragana Ljubojević3 and Nikola Puvača1*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000131

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Nowadays water pollution is the burning issue all over the world. Aquatic ecosystems are frequently contaminated with different toxicants through anthropogenic activities, and some of them such as metals may be naturally present and essential in low concentration but toxic and harmful in higher concentrations. Having in mind that not all chemical forms of pollutants are equally bioavailable, and some pollutants can be accumulated in living organisms to a greater extent than others, there is a need to study the levels of pollutants in the organisms to be able to predict the environmental risk. Thus, chemical analyses of the tissues of aquatic organisms are used as a routine approach in studies of aquatic pollution, providing a temporal integration of the levels of pollutants with biological relevance at higher concentrations than those pre.....ReadMore

Nikola Puvača1*, Dragana Ljubojević2,Milica Živkov Baloš2,Olivera Đuragić3, Vojislava Bursić4,Gorica Vuković5,Radivoj Prodanović1 and Jelana Bošković1

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000130

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Mycotoxins are biologically active, toxic metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi mainly belonging to Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium species, which invade crops in the field and may grow on feedstuffs during storage under favourable conditions of temperature and humidity [1]. FAO estimated that about 25% of food and feedstuffs are contaminated with mycotoxins and strong efforts have been made to decontaminate them by the use of physical and chemical adsorbents but the success made so far is limited [2]. Like other environmental pollutants, mycotoxins also adversely affect the health and productivity in animals and esecially in poultry [3,4]. The economy of poultry industry is heavily affected due to wide mycotoxin exposure or contamination of various agricultural commodities. The economic losses are primarily due to the decreased g.....ReadMore

Nikola Puvača

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000129

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Laying hens production has undergone a paradigm turnover in its primarily concept and operation from extensive backyard activity into a major commercial production. Antibiotics have been used as antimicrobial growth promoters in animal to improve food safety. However, in order to avoid the possible risk of developing resistant pathogens, as well as to meet the public pressure of antibiotic free animal products, the use of antibiotic in poultry diet was totally banned in European Community [1]. Various alternatives of phyto additives have been studied in order to maximize the growth performance of laying hens in the diets without antibiotics. Compared with synthetic antibiotics or inorganic chemicals, these plant derived products have proved to be less toxic, re.....ReadMore

Nikola Puvača

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000128

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Usage of antibiotics concerning animal nutrition and as antimicrobial growth promoters is undoubtedly beneficial for the improvement of zootechnical performance parameters and prevention of disease. Nevertheless, because of the bio-security threats for human and animal health which come from escalating resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in animal products and the environment, there is a global need to remove antimicrobial growth promoters from animal diets. The intensive broiler production sector of the poultry industry is keen to optimise performance and minimise economic losses as a result of antimicrobial growth promoter removal, as well as ensuring the safety of broiler meat via the control or elimination of foodborne pathogens. The beneficial potential of various mi.....ReadMore

Mohammad Reza Mohebbi

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Background: Small ruminants are known to play a very important role in food security in developing countries such as Iran. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify types and estimate the prevalence of foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum of involved sheep in the area, and also to evaluate the surgical approach prognosis. Results: Epidemic occurred in northwestern of Iran. After referring two cases with ruminal impaction to Tehran Veterinary Hospital, a precise clinical examination, epidemiology study, and a herd survey were done. Ultimately, surgery was selected to correct the problem. The incidence and mortality of the disorder were recorded 6/25% and 3.3% respectively. The prognosis of surgical approach was estimated 90%. On clinical examination of the ram revealed dullness.....ReadMore

S Kirshna Kumar* , P Selvaraj V Maroudam, M Ranjith Kumar, M Raja and Y Krishna Mohan Reddy

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.02.000126

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This present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of brucellosis and blue tongue in a trans humane sheep flock of Tamil Nadu, India. This Sheep flock had a history of inconsistent abortion, repeat breeder, poor fertility rate and higher prevalence of still birth. Serum samples were collected from sheep by random sampling. Serum samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate agglutination test (RBT) and ELISA. The risk factors like pregnancy, abortion, age and sex were correlated to the Brucella seropositivity. This study also assessed for the presence of Bluetongue in aborted sheep. It was found that ELISA could be the choice of test for testing of Brucellosis (with the percentage of 57.14). Clinically healthy rams were found to be with brucellosis seropositivity and posed infertility to ewes. It was observed that in trans humane f.....ReadMore

Alper Erturk*, Murat Kaan Durgut, Amir Naseri and Mahmut Ok

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000125

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A 14-days old female Holstein calve was referred to the Large Animals Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University with a history of inappetence, weight loss and lethargy. On the initial examination, severe anemic mucosal membranes bilateral distended jugular veins and 4/6 degree holo-systolic tricuspidal murmur were presented. Echocardiographic and ultrasonographic findings showed LV systolic dysfunction and Right sided congestive heart failure. The high levels of CK-MB and cardiac troponin I demonstrated severe cardiac injury.....ReadMore

Taís Casonato Rodrigues, Cecílio Viega Soares Filho, Iveraldo dos Santos Dutra and Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani*

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000124

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Buffalo herds are an important part of the agricultural economy but, unfortunately, this production chain is still not valued as such in some countries, presenting yields lower than expected. This review of the literature aims at discussing the importance of buffalo herds for the milk production in several countries and the need for increasing the production yields of this species. Buffaloes are even more important for the economies of developing countries, where the economic activity is based primarily on agriculture as in some Asian countries. Although all buffalo parts can be commercially explored, buffalo milk derivatives are the most profitable. Therefore, maximizing the yields of both meat and milk is highly desirable......ReadMore

S Krishna kumar1*, R Madheswaran2, R Ravi1, M Ranjith kumar3, B Poovarajan4, S Kavitha5 and P Selvaraj1

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000123

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Fibromatous epulis, is a rare growth affecting the gingival mucosa of neonates. It is benign condition seen more frequently in females with multiple Epuli occurring in only 10% of cases. The cause and origin of fibromatous epulis remains unclear. This clinical investigations discussed about the epidemiology, clinical outcome, concurrent infection, biochemical and complete blood profile of a buffalo calf positive for epulis. Epulis arising from the upper and lower gingival margin, which were successfully managed therapeutically.....ReadMore

Prabhurajeshwar C and Kelmani Chandrakanth R

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000121

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Objective: This paper has reviewed researches that acquired from peer-looked into literary works on Shigellosis. Food borne diseases identified with unhygienic nourishment taking care of practices remain a noteworthy general medical issue over the globe. The issue is thorough in creating nations because of limitations in securing most possible hygienic food handling practices......ReadMore

Madhusudana Rao

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000120

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Dairying in India is not just a large economic activity but also an integral part of our social and cultural heritage. Trusting capabilities of our farmers and integrating them with superior, even imported, technology, feed and fodder is the way ahead. The sector requires renewed attention and investments from Government and agricultural research and development community. The Dairy business provides employment to the landless and land owners alike and the income thus generated checks urban to rural migration. In addition, milk, being a complete nutrition, will play a key role in combating malnutrition and poverty. India’s market potential and current growth rate of traditional dairy products is unmatched. Reconfiguration of the supply chain will not .....ReadMore

MP Patel, BS Rathod, HC Nakhashi and BN Suthar

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000119

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Failure to passage a part or all of the allantochorionic membrane with or without the amniotic membranes within a prescribed period of the time after parturition is known as Retention of the Fetal Membranes (RFM). The length of time for expulsion of placenta in mare varies among authors from 30 minutes to 6-12 hours Vandeplassche [1], Blanchard [2] and Provercher [3]. This condition is reported to occur with a frequency of 2 to 10.5% in draught horses Allen [4]. The portion of the membranes most likely to be retained and the condition occurs more frequently in mares which have undergone abortion, dystocia, embryotomy and caesarean section Vandeplassche [1]......ReadMore

Aremo John and Omojola Babatunde

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000118

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Singed Skin-on meat from Red Sokoto Goat is favourably consumed in Nigeria, different singeing materials: kerosene, wood, scrap tyre, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) randomly assigned to singed Red Sokoto Goats to evaluate the quantity of singeing materials, duration of singeing, quantity of detergents and time take to clean up the carcass. Significant difference (P<0.05) exist in the quantum of singeing materials and detergent used, the time required to remove soot and other particulate matter from singeing was least in LPG singed carcass (15.04 Minutes) while the duration for removing the physical and certain chemical contaminants from the carcass was significantly similar. Even though the quantity of tyre used was least, the duration of singeing using tyre was more than that of LPG. It was noted that the quantity of detergent i.....ReadMore

Aklilu Biru , Zelalem Abera , Misgana Duguma and Ayantu Hundera

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000117

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It is known that long time before artificial insemination (AI) technology had only a single institution nationally i.e. National Artificial Insemination Center (NAIC) and which is found in Addis Ababa City, Kality area that is serving the community at national level. But now the government has given great emphasis establishing other four semen and liquid nitrogen production and distribution centers in four regional states. From these four AI technologies centers, one of them is instituted in Nekemte town, western Oromia, Ethiopia. This manual was conducted on procedures and utilization of artificial insemination (AI) technologies in Nekemte semen and liquid nitrogen and production and distribution centre, to determine how this technology is performed and to identify and.....ReadMore

Jocelyn Dubuc, Marjolaine Rousseau, Jean-Philippe Roy and Sébastien Buczinski

DOI : 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000116

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The objective of this herd-level study was to identify risk factors for an elevated prevalence of postpartum diseases such as displaced abomasum, Hyperketonemia, purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis, leukocyte esterase endometritis, and prolonged anovulation. A total of 100 commercial dairy farms participated in the study for which the unit of interest was the herd. Forty cows per herd (or all of the cows calving within a 1-year period if smaller than forty cows) were enrolled in the study representing a total of 3,776 cows which were followed until they reached 60 days in milk (DIM). Cows were examined for retained placenta (≥ 24h after calving), displaced abomasum (1-60DIM), Hyperketonemia (1-14DIM), purulent vaginal discharge (30-.....ReadMore