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ShareParticle density bacterial and dispersions of Campylobacter deposition was monitor in surface water environment, the transport of these microbes were observed to decrease with respect to change in distance at various monitored locations, dispersion of the contaminant at initial point of discharge were examined in the study environment, this was influenced through the migration of the contaminant at various station point of discharge, it was based on the heterogeneous velocity in the surface water environment. Despite the application of one dimensional flow transport, the study experience the impact of dispersion as decrease in concentration were observed in all the figures, the spread of the contaminant are based on the velocity of flow subjecting it to fast spread of Campylobacter in surface water environment, particle density bact..... ReadMore -
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SharePhosphorus as one of the microelement was observed to predominantly deposit in the study environment, this were experienced from physiochemical investigation carried out in the stream, the examination observed the predominant deposition of increased phosphorus in different station point of discharge, this implies that there are some significant factors causing such increase of the contaminant in the stream, the evaluation generated other parameters that could influenced the exponential state of the contaminant, such condition call for serious concern, thus thorough examination of these parameters that affect the growth rate of phosphorus in the stream, the transport of this microelement experienced increase in all the figures based on the points source of discharge monitored, derived model were applied to monitor the behaviour of ph..... ReadMore -
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SharePopulation growth rate, urban migration and natural disasters are making, the chronic shortage of housing in the developing countries, more complicated and strenuous. The case of Bangladesh is no different. However, though the growth rate of Chittagong is high yet due to various infrastructural and socio-environmental issues, the people of Chittagong are facing housing shortage. In most of the cases the development of informal sector housing is makeshift, unplanned and the consideration to the geographical, environmental, and ecological matrix is minimal. People who are in the informal sector and economically disadvantaged, cannot get proper shelter due to the shortage of housing or housing ingredients for the poor. This paper attempts to find a way to mitigate the shortage of informal sector economically disadvantaged group housing..... ReadMore -
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ShareAggregate in different size has been known to be one of the concrete properties in strength development of any grades. The study evaluates the sizes of aggregate in heterogeneous condition to determine their various rate of effect to the optimum required strength. These are determined on the design grade required based on the imposed loads evenly distributed, the study precisely monitored the impact of heterogeneity of aggregate size at different mixed proportion, the size and shapes of aggregate were considered in the study integrated with Metakaolin content at different dosage, the study observed linear growth to the optimum level recorded at twenty eight days of curing, various predictive values were generated to monitor the variationof developed strength influenced by heterogeneous aggregate size, it is observed that the larger ..... ReadMore -
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ShareThe study define the behaviour of silica fumes and iron slag as partial replacement for cement, the study isto monitor the extend water cement ratios and workability of concrete can influence the growth rate of concrete strength, themodel grade of concrete were designedapplying partial replacement, thesewere adoptedin other to achieved the required target strength, such conditions were applied, but predominant influence were paramount goalthe study want to achieve, this carried outto determined the effect of these stated parameters in the study, modeling techniques were adopted, these concept includes modeling and simulating, these parameter applying this concept is to determine the extent of influence in the study it will also expressed various rate of effect on the growth rate of designed concrete grade, it is observed thatthe sur..... ReadMore -
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ShareHeterogeneity of aggregate in concrete has been monitored in different developed mixed design concrete by experts applying different curing techniques. Their findings have always reflected the variation of aggregate size as one of the major influential property that determined various rates of tensile, based on its compressive strength. The behaviour are basically on the effect from aggregate shapes that reflect on the generated results on the model concrete, but other parameters that express impact on the variation rate of tensile strength are not always determined, because of the limitation of experimental techniques including the concept of ignoring these other parameters on concrete properties , these are other major significant areas that will determine various rate of tensile partially replaced cement with Metakaolin substance..... ReadMore -
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ShareIn the first part of this paper, the degradation of the mechanical properties of the mass concrete of the Dez concrete arch dam under the long-term effects of its environment as well as its loading history has been investigated using an innovate inverse analysis method. For performing that inverse analysis, an objective function was defined and then it was attempted to minimize that. That function was defined as the sum of the squared differences between the displacements obtained from a developed enhanced FE model in the ABAQUS standard software by the authors in the current study for each assumed set of the degraded mechanical properties of the dam as input variables and those obtained from the inverse pendulum’s records of the dam. For the sake of the generality of the problem, in performing such FE analyses, it was assumed tha..... ReadMore -
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ShareThe context of the research aims to explain and simplify the stages of the development of architecture in pre and post history. By focusing on the integrative relationship between theories of architecture and design across different eras, by making comparisons in the architectural style and innovative structural elements of each historical era (Christianity, Byzantine, Sassanid, Roman, Islamic, Ottoman).The subject of the research focuses on mentioning the most important historical architectural examples that exist to measure the appropriateness of using and reflecting the concept of classical architecture on our lives today, and developing strategic skills to bridge the deficiency in human needs at any time and place. And highlighting the importance of environmental factors and their impact on architectural eras...... ReadMore -
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ShareBuildings and their construction together account for 36 percent of global energy use and 39 percent of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions annually. Globally, the embodied carbon of buildings account for about 11 percent of emissions. The design and construction of civil engineering infrastructures are impacting global warming and climate change and the world is facing a big challenge in the form of environmental degradation occasioned mainly by global warming due to ozone layer depletion, fauna loss, deforestation and pollution. A new UN Environment Programme (UNEP) report cautioned that unless global greenhouse gas emissions fall by 7.6 per cent yearly between 2020 and 2030, the world will miss the opportunity to get on track towards the 1.5o temperature goal of the Paris Agreement on the eve of a year that nations are due to stren..... ReadMore -
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ShareThe article presents static shear tests of adhesives connecting various types of lightweight floor system (LFS) composites with a heating coil. This method is approved for use, and its advantage is the reproduction of the real working conditions of a light floor. Preliminary tests were carried out to determine the point shear strength of selected adhesives and the target ones, using a strain gauge method of deformation measurements. Three types of adhesives used in the lightweight heated floor system were researched-cement deformable, type C2S1, C2S2, and polyurethane BondT8. In addition to determining the maximum shear stress, deformation and approximate displacement of adhesives in this type of composites, the Kirchoff ’s and Young’s modulus were also calculated. The method used did not allow determining Poiss..... ReadMore -
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ShareLife on Earth depends on the circuit of water, carbon and everything that rises into the sky. In the atmosphere, their mixing, concentration, various chemical-physical processes, transformations take place, and with precipitation everything returns to the earth. On the soil, substances become the building material of bodies and plants, which, as they grow and multiply, produce waste, eat up, and waste again rise into the sky. Humanity, in its development and the pursuit of the comfort of its existence, destroys the circuits. Vapors without changing the properties of vapors are clearly visible on the water - it came with precipitation and immediately went back to the atmosphere. In nature, such fumes come from the surfaces of water bodies, from stones, and other hard surfaces. But with the development of the industry, there ar..... ReadMore -
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ShareThe term commuter is defined as a person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis Asensio et al. [1]. A large number of commuters are attracted every day from the suburban area because of the growing economy and urban employment opportunity of Rajshahi Islam et. al, 2016. Most of these commuters have to depend on different transport modes for their daily commuting. As commuters have to travel a long distance during the peak periods, choice of transport mode is very crucial for them. Suburban traveling is multimodal in characteristics which involve combination of multiple modes [2]. Different studies showed that mode choice plays the vital role along with the main mode for a long-distance commuting [3]. It is necessary to study different aspects of their mode choice behavior to meet the expected necessities of the co..... ReadMore -
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ShareThe era of oil and gas pipelines is enduring an informational renovation to recover enactment, minimalize ruptures and spills, and rise safety, and is fetching to resemble as an example of data-enabled substructure. Pipelines comes to the vision of public cognizance only when leak occurs, prominent to a toxic spill, or result in an explosion that outlays lives. The industry 4.0 is integrating sensing knowledge to monitor pressure, flow rate, pumping station parameters, temperature, viscosity, and other external parameters. The oil industry is habitually alienated into three foremost components: Upstream, midstream and Downstream. The midstream sector encompasses the transportation (by pipeline, rails, tanker or truck), loading, and comprehensive marketing of refined petroleum products. Pipelines can be incorporated to transport crude oil ..... ReadMore -
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ShareAn improvement, strength and deformation characteristics of saline loess soils are discussed in the paper. Using the results of laboratory tests in field conditions, a recommendation has been developed on the use of stabilizers to improve the properties of loess soils used in calculation of road pavements design. Studies have been conducted to substantiate the design characteristics of the working layer of the subgrade built of saline soils with account of hydro-thermal regime; the development of design solutions; the improvement of the methods for determining humidity and functional dependencies based on the determination of their indices; the improvement of saline soils properties; the development of stabilizing surfactants “Bitumen emulsions”..... ReadMore -
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ShareThis paper examines the imperative of participatory leadership towards inclusive growth in Zanzibar where a critical review of modern practices towards building social cohesion was undertaken in the Urban West Region, Zanzibar. The study applied both desk-based literature survey and descriptive survey research designs were adopted for the study. Various data collection methods including literature review observation, interviews and questionnaire survey were used to collect information from a total of 60 respondents from the study area. The analysis of the collected qualitative and quantitative data was done through contents analysis and descriptive statistics respectively. Based on the analyzed data the study reveals participatory resource mobilization, community participatory project implementation, community mobilization practices, enha..... ReadMore -
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ShareThis paper examines the imperative of participatory leadership towards inclusive growth in Zanzibar where a critical review of modern practices towards building social cohesion was undertaken in the Urban West Region, Zanzibar. The study applied both desk-based literature survey and descriptive survey research designs were adopted for the study. Various data collection methods including literature review observation, interviews and questionnaire survey were used to collect information from a total of 60 respondents from the study area. The analysis of the collected qualitative and quantitative data was done through contents analysis and descriptive statistics respectively. Based on the analyzed data the study reveals participatory resource mobilization, community participatory project implementation, community mobilization practices, enha..... ReadMore -
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ShareThe experimental study on evaluation of seismic resistance of the large-scale model of a two-story fragment of brick building from ceramic bricks on cement mortar was conducted. The dynamic testing of the prototype was carried out on the two-component vibrio plat form, where seismic impacts with the intensity of 7 to 9 according to MSK-64 scale were modelled. During the tests the constant load on floors – 4,5kH/m2 was simulated using dynamic forces to the prototype were simulated. Different options for strengthening of load-bearing brick walls concrete blocks. The dimensions of the two-storey fragment are 2,3x × 1,56 × 3,0m. Using scrims from carbon fibre the slabs at each floor were combined into a single hard disk. During the tests, the horizontal and vertical with composite fabrics, scrims and nets, were considered. Upon the nature..... ReadMore -
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ShareThis method of Lightweight floor construction does not require the use of heavy concrete screeds. It consists of a layer of hard thermal insulation on which the tile flooring is directly mounted, usingan adhesive mortar reinforced with a glass fiber mesh. This article summarizes the current results of the strength tests of this radiator model with XPS thermal insulation for bending, compression and point compression with a variety of constructional models. Application in all tests of various types and structures of insulating panels, with the use of glass fiber mesh and without it, allowed us to check and compare the most important strength parameters with different variants. At the same time, the principle of accepting materials that produce results guaranteeing the quality, durability and optimal pr..... ReadMore -
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ShareSurface water body ensures environmental sustainability, natural beauty and temperature balance in the urban area. Nowadays the surface water bodies is being filled up to meet the rapid urbanization. The aim of this study is to find out the location and the amount of filled up surface water body area in Khulna City Corporation (KCC) during the last twenty years (1998-2018). Satellite image analysis by geographic Information System (GIS) provides much more accurate result about the land cover change of any area. In this regard supervised image classification method of GIS technology has been applied in this study on Landsat satellite image to identify the location and amount of filled up surface water body area. According to the result, there is a significant land cover changed happen in the last twenty years in Khulna city area and a cons..... ReadMore -
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ShareThe efficiency of the BIM model depends not only on the knowledge and skills of the designer, but also on the applied software. Applications in the BIM technology allow users for the optimization of the model through a number of activities performed during the design process. The article presents models of conduct both developed by designers and recommended by software producers. The application of the specified good practices in work with a project ensures a stable and effective course of the design process. The presented guidelines are described as a set of tools that can be used individually or in combination, for the purpose of development of coherent BIM models possible to calculate, and coherent with the design concept...... ReadMore