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Research ArticleView abstract
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In 2013, the tomb of Han Lingkun (923-968 AD) was discovered in the construction process of Ci County, Handan City, Hebei Province. Han Lingkun was a famous general of the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127). Records of his tombstone evidenced that he died from the back disease at the age of 45. Several black bones from an adult were unearthed in the tomb. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis showed that nanoscale cinnabar was detected both on the surface and interior of the black bone. This paper puts forward some possible explanations about the appearance of cinnabar in the black bone..... ReadMore -
Mini ReviewView abstract
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In 2021 field season, we have received a new data of chariot culture of the Bronze Age in Southern Trans-Urals. The burial of man with traces of combat trauma, cheek-piece and horses sacrifices has a central position in the big kurgan of Sintashta archaeological culture...... ReadMore -
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Ancient DNA from archaeological bones has brought to light relevant information on the molecular characterization of European Bronze Age populations. In this article we reconsider, with multivariate statistical techniques, the craniological studies of several samples from four thousand years ago, from the northern shore of the Mediterranean, carried out during the first half of the twentieth century, to respond to the typological vision that prevailed then. The results indicate that during the Bronze Age, there was a diffusion, from east to west, of minority groups with short and broad heads, probably metal prospectors, which were integrated into the local populations and had different cranial characteristics. This analysis complements the recent study of ancient DNA and provides new insights into the biodynamics of those populations..... ReadMore -
Short CommunicationView abstract
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One of the first man crafted objects dealing with the description of a celestial phenomenon or with an astronomical reference seems to be the Nebra disk. In the present paper we will discuss its morphology and give, through archeo-astronomical methods, a reasonable explanation of the depicted celestial phenomenon in agreement with well-known astrophysical properties of the Supernova explosion. We will therefore evaluate whether this hypothesis is reasonable in comparison with the age and positions of presently known Supernova remnants as well as comparing the present artefact with others available in the archeological community..... ReadMore -
Short CommunicationView abstract
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The expression νύμφη νῆις, attested in the Iliad [1], is traditionally understood as «Naiad nymph». However, by examining the contexts in which it appears, it is always referred to normal women, mothers of soldiers fallen in battle. It is advisable, therefore, to carefully analyze this matter, starting from one of the passages, very similar to each other, which contain this expression. For example, in the course of the battle under the Achaean wall [2],«Aias, son of Oïleus [3]/ leaped upon Satnius and wound him with athrust of his sharp spear, / the son of Enops, whom a peerless Naiad nymph conceived/ to Enops, as he tended his herds by the banks of Satnioeis» [4]. However, both in Greek and in the Homeric poems the word νύμφη often does not mean «nymph», but rather «bride», «wife», «lady»: in the Odyssey P..... ReadMore -
Review ArticleView abstract
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“Creativity in the absence of work “may become the most characteristic feature and gesture of contemporary art. Today, the artist repeats the act of creation, but to no avail, he repeats it to some extent “in vain” and “in void”. Creativity no longer leaves any permanent traces. What the word “art” wants to indicate now has to accept the permanent absence of the work. Perhaps the most visible expression of the artistic efforts of the twentieth century is the stopping or immobilization of the operation of the “artistic machine” based on the translation of the theological dictionary into the aesthetic activity of the artist. In this machine, for centuries, the artist played the role of God, creating a work-world according to his design. Let us imagine a crippled ..... ReadMore -
OpinionView abstract
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The human being is socially dependent from birth and is the family in the first instance (the basic social group). The first social responses of babies are directed at adults, because normally these are the first social contacts that are established with them. The infant learns through images first, seeing, for example, the relationships of her parents with her siblings within their home; but they also perceive images of relationships between other people, including parents with nannies, domestic workers. Early childhood constitutes the most intense period of socialization, where parents tend to socialize boys more intensely than girls, to punish them more, but also to reward and stimulate them more frequently...... ReadMore -
Mini ReviewView abstract
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Kharga Oasis is one of the most famous five oases in Egypt’s Western Desert. It is located about 150 kilometers west of the Nile Valley. The oasis occupies the eastern side of a great depression that embraces the other oasis, Dakhla, on its western side. Its length is 185 km and its width ranges from 20 to 80 km...... ReadMore