Kathleen M. Gallagher

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.03.000153

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As anthropologists, much of our professional and personal life is configured around our field site, whose contours shape our experiences, memories and relationships, in addition to language skills and cultural knowledge. In my case, it was the country of Nepal that captivated my attention across twenty-five years, seven of them in residence, most of them spent in the crowded environs of squatter settlements. For nearly a decade, however, I found myself isolated from the region through an admixture of loss, grief and trauma, much of it intertwined with the country and people that I had come to love...... ReadMore

Anil Kumar Vaddiraju

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.03.000152

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Modernity, as we know it, emanated from the twin revolutions of Europe: Industrial revolution and French revolution. The economic principles of industrialization and the political principles of French revolution have been built into the development processes of many nations. This is particularly true of post-colonial nations, wherein the principles of the above said modernity have been incorporated into many of their constitutions. These two, economic modernity of industrialization and political modernity of equality, liberty and fraternity have been related processes...... ReadMore

Elena Belyaeva*

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.03.000151

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For a long time all the data indicated that in the Early Pleistocene the South Caucasus was briefly inhabited by Oldowan people (Dmanisi site, ~1,8 MYR), whereas the Acheulian tool-makers appeared in the region only in the Middle Pleistocene. However, studies conducted recently in Armenia, South Caucasus revealed there two Early Pleistocene sites with Early Acheulian industries including around 4000 artifacts. On the basis of U-PB dating and paleomagnetic readings the key Karakhach site was attributed to the Olduvai subchron (1.95-1.78 MYR). The second site named Muradovo has no absolute dates but must be synchronous to Karakhach because of their similarities in both deposits and lithic industry. To judge by scarce paleoecological evidence these sites were occupied in conditions of subtropical climate and periodical volcanic ashfall. Almo..... ReadMore

Jesús F Jordá Pardo

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000150

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This contribution collects our reflections on the current role of Geoarcheology, an idea in which, together with many other researchers, we have been working for decades. It has seemed to us that sharing our point of view on this matter could help to maintain the debate on a scientific task that, like it or not -and as much as its predicament has not stopped growing since, from the seventies of the last century C. Renfrew, K. W. Butzer and other precursors formally coined the expression Geoarcheology and endowed it with a meaning similar to the one we currently assign to it- is still a budding discipline...... ReadMore

Rodolfo Montecinos Ohlagaray

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000149

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The corona virus (COVID - 19) is testing our system, says Byung-Chul Han, testing the economic, political and social order, the way we relate, how we deal with our family, friends and neighbors, the stability of our relationships and love relationships, as well as our mental health. The mechanism by which we reason and make decisions is in crisis. Currently, we cannot assure our well-being based on individuality and selfishness. We are facing a world conflict, which welcomes all of humanity, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, culture, lineage or condition...... ReadMore

John Fernando RESTREPO TAMAYO*, Diana Marcela TRUJILLO VALLEJO and Sebastian HURTADO CORREA

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000148

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The native communities do not necessarily share the same of understanding of laws, rules and norms that the rest of the populations does. Because of this is necessary to analyse how the juridical system can approach these communities, especially regarding criminal law and its application; as in it we can see that the concepts that the doctrine has created for it can be adapted to keep its purpose but adapted to a community that historically has suffered from the other social groups...... ReadMore

Ehsan Namaziandost* and Meisam Ziafar

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000147

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Nunan [1] defines strategies as “the mental and communicative procedures learners use in order to learn and use language. Underlying every learning task is at least one strategy.” Richards and Schmidt [2] define strategy as “procedures used in learning, thinking, etc., which serves as a way of reaching a goal. In language learning, learning strategies are those conscious or unconscious processes which language learners make use of in learning and using a language.” The definitions provided for learning strategies by scholars all have one point in common and that is facilitating learning for learners. Nevertheless, they are in disagreement about issues like whether such strategies are conscious and so describable and then teachable, and also what variables are involved in strategy use by language learners have resulted in var..... ReadMore

Hossein Tahan*

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000146

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The Qazvin Plain, located in the Central Iranian Plateau, is ripe with historical artifacts, and significant investigations and excavations have been conducted there. Those efforts are notable for revealing pre-historic sites with cultural continuity, dispersed across the southern district of the Qazvin Plain and dating back from the Paleolithic Period to the Historic Period. However, some questions and ambiguities regarding the Iron Age sites still remained that led me to explore the region. The results of this investigation include identifying and introducing several sites from the Iron Age and the transitional era to the Historic Period, which shows that there are far more Iron Age sites in the region. Moreover, the identification of vast sites in that region suggests that centers of culture may have moved in the Iron Age. It als..... ReadMore

Pradeep K Behera*, M Sudershan, Neena Thakur and Sakir Hussain

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000145

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Red ochre or hydrated iron oxide widely used by the H. sapience since the Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age times or even earlier, is often considered as one of the most significant proxies of early/modern human behavior, emergence of symbolic behavior and advanced cognitive abilities in the prehistoric material records. In the present paper we tried to explain the geo-archaeological contexts of the occurrence of red ochre milling stone with pestles and made a preliminary attempt to trace the source area of this material. Results of our analysis clearly shows that red ochre blocks/pebbles were imported from distant sources from fro about 60-70 kilometers away from the open-air site of Torajunga for manufacturing powders, purpose of which is still little understood. However, ethnographic and archaeological sources have been used to poss..... ReadMore

Ana Maričić, Daria Fricki Uroš Barudžija and Marija Horvat*

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000144

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The aim of this paper is to determine the possible origin of the stone used for the construction in five cultural heritage buildings dating from the different historical epochs in Lumbarda, on the island of Korčula, Croatia. Micro petrographic determination of limestone samples taken from the Roman Villae Rusticae, the old apse of St Križ Church, the Venetian Tower, the Bishop’s Summer House and St Barbara Church, was done. For comparison, micro petrographic analysis on the rock samples taken from two abandoned quarries near Lumbarda: the Brendana Quarry in Lumbarda and Gornja Špilja Quarry at Sutvara islet, was also made. After comparison of their petrographic characteristics, it was concluded that the stone for construction of the Roman Villae Rusticae and St Križ Church was quarried in Brendana Quarry, while for the other t..... ReadMore

Padmini Tolat Balaram*

DOI : 10.32474/JAAS.2020.02.000143

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Wancho have a few reasons of their own. They consider black teeth beautiful. Some tribes feel what is the difference between human being and animals? Animals also have white teeth and the human beings also have the white teeth! So, to differentiate one’s self from animals, it is believed they started colouring their teeth black...... ReadMore

PK Champati Ray*

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Ever since the French Archeologist, Antoine Poidebard flew over archaeological sites in Syria and Lebanon and photographed from his biplane, a lot of progresses have been made in the field of archaeology using aero-space media as source of information. Particularly in the last two decades applications of satellite images in archaeology has increased many folds due to unprecedented growth of imaging and probing technology from space [1,2]. However, as the imaging technology advanced, the complexity of information extraction has also undergone sea change, often requiring very advanced algorithms for extraction of meaningful information. This is one of the many challenges faced by the archaeological community...... ReadMore

Mario Alejandro Caria* and Gabriel Miguez

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Among the pending issues in the archeology of the lowlands of the province of Tucumán, the construction of chronologies based on absolute dates stands out, which allows the elaboration of more reliable pre-Hispanic occupation sequences to have a more precise temporal control of local social developments. Despite having registered dozens of archaeological sites in these jungle and forest environments, most of them do not have absolute dates...... ReadMore

Meisam Ziafar and Ehsan Namaziandost*

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Londeka P Ngubane*

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‘Nkosi sikelel’ iAfrica’-God bless Africa, ‘O fedise dintwa le matshwenyeho’-end all wars and tribulations. South Africa’s national anthem venerates all of Africa in its very first verse, the anthem dispels attitudes of war and disunion, yet South Africa still closes its doors to foreign nationals, particularly foreign nationals from other African countries. The South African constitution has been designed to uphold equal rights, freedom, fairness, and righteousness, however the implementation of these rights and responsibilities has been meagre. Xenophobia in South Africa remains a constant and grave problem. Xenophobic sentiments have been fuelled by stereotypes supported by false assumptions which stem from political leaders, media reports and feelings of entitlement. Foreign nationals are subject to hate crimes and are exc..... ReadMore

Londeka P Ngubane*

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As post-apartheid South Africa seeks to forge for itself an identity as a modern, industrializing nation with a constitution embodying the most progressive and enlightened principles of liberal democracy, muti killings are often presented as a wayward throwback to a dark and savage past. The South African media continues to bring to the fore stories of witchcraft as experienced by many communities, both urban and rural. Nearly all the stories reported in the media describe occurrences where children have been killed and their bodies mutilated for purposes of producing muthi. This paper aimed to uncover some of the reasons why young boys and girls are mostly targeted for muthi murder. A qualitative research approach was adopted with the use of a systematic review of literature, mainly focusing on muthi murder. The present study fills the l..... ReadMore

Christian R Bellehumeur*

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The accelerated proliferation of works on the topics of frontiers, borders, and boundaries, in geography, political science, sociology, anthropology and even literary studies, is considerable [1-5]. In that sense, the challenges and issues related to frontiers and boundaries are not new: many researchers have addressed this problem in anthropology [6,7] as well as in archeology [8-10]...... ReadMore

Joseph Rudigi Rukema* and Nedson Pophiwa

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The main aim of this paper is to discuss how cross-border shopping impacts on actors whose livelihoods are premised on retailing, mobility and facilitating these activities across the Zimbabwe-South Africa border particularly in Musina. It critically assesses how these actors blur the lines by facilitating all kinds of border crossings including border jumping, excise duty-busting and smuggling. The main argument of this paper is that Musina’s transformation into a node which services the needs of Zimbabweans from all parts of that country did not occur by accident. It cannot be explained simply as an outcome of Zimbabweans shopping in the area but also as a result of growing influence of economic players in the town...... ReadMore

Rodolfo Montecinos Ohlagaray*

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The times we are currently living in are very difficult, sometimes very complex to understand from a sociological point of view. Society is a fuzzy concept, complex, sometimes, not very predictable. The combination of deficiencies in decision-making in the current scenarios, reflects the little knowledge on the subject to be dealt with, these groups, particularly vulnerable to initiate or sustain over time projects that come to contain regrettable and inefficient policies. There are many known interactions between the identity trilogy (in its individual and group manifestations), and its related psychological concept of self-esteem, and conflict...... ReadMore

Mohsen Heydari Dastenaei*

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In archeology, there is a close connection between the size of the ancient places and the level of their social and economic complexity, without understanding and studying it, archaeologists cannot understand the cultural structure of the region. In this hypothesis, the larger of the settlement, the more administrative and social services are provided, and thus has a more complex administrative and economic structure than smaller ones.Accordingly, with the aim of determining the central place and hierarchy,the middle and late Chalcolithic sites ofthe Laran districtin the Zayandeh-Roud basin were studied.To determine the central place and hierarchy of settlement in a mountainous area, using GIS and SPSS software and using cluster analysis method, middle and late Chalcolithic sites were classified and studied and it was determined thatsocie..... ReadMore