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Ruairidh Crawford*, Charlie Khoo, Tina Rashid and William Cook

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000150

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Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant released in response to cell injury of any cause. A rise in CRP in the immediate postoperative period may be misattributed to surgical tissue damage and not to infection, posing a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. We have evaluated its performance as a marker of infective complications following major urological surgery.Materials and Methods: We reviewed all patients undergoing major urological surgery between March-December 2014. Data including operation, route, Charlson index, post-operative infection, and CRP measurements were recorded. We plotted receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the utility of CRP as a marker of infection and explored procedure specific and patient specific risks for CRP elevati..... ReadMore

De Fabritiis Marco

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000149

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The incidental detection of small renal tumors is increasing. Over 75% of such renal tumors, smaller than 4 cm are malignant. Therefore the use of renal biopsy increased during the last decades. It is well tolerated and has a high diagnostic yield. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration represents a new option for renal tissue sampling, especially in those patients who simultaneously present suspected neoplastic lesions both in the kidney and in other anatomical districts such as lungs. We present two cases with concomitant intrathoracic and left kidney lesion, in which sampling of renal nodule by EUS-FNA changed the therapeutic management...... ReadMore

Nahla A Khairy, Ibrahim A Ali*, Mohammed I Eissa, Shihab Eldin S Dishean and Omer A Musa

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000148

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Background: Proteinuria is very common in Glomerular diseases like membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulonephritis and minimal change disease. Severe proteinuria can cause nephrotic syndrome in which there is worsening swelling of the body. Barley grains were used to treat the proteinuria but not been recommended formally to be used. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Barley grains powder (Hordeumvulgare L.) among Sudanese patients with Proteinuria admitted at Ibn Sina hospital in Khartoum state. Methods: This is an analytical, cross-sectional hospital based study performed in Ibn Sina hospital in Khartoum state capital of Sudan during 2018-2019 in Sudanese patients above of age range (20 - 80 years old) who have documented renal impairment with significant proteinuria and have no extra renal c..... ReadMore

Ganesh K Bakshi, SK Raghunath, Sudhir Rawal, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Sanjai K Addla, Priya J, Suyog C Mehta, Mrinal Borgohain and Rajan Mittal*

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000146

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Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men. Despite advances in treatment options, about 30-40% of patients develop the advanced disease in due course. Androgen deprivation is the standard first-line systemic therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer. Almost all patients with the metastatic disease go on to develop castration-resistant prostate cancer. The multiple therapeutic alternatives for castration-resistant prostate cancer, including abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, cabazitaxel, immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T, radiopharmaceuticals and bone-targeted therapies (zoledronic acid, denosumab) along with docetaxel have made the decision-making process complex and challenging for clinicians. Even the strong pipeline of systemic therapies with a diverse array of mechanisms of action in ..... ReadMore

Geoffrey Chitambala and Kasonde Bowa*

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000145

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Introduction: Erectile Dysfunction is an increasing problem in developing countries. Studies have shown a prevalence of up to 45% among men of 45 years and older [1]. Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is related to the integrity of the arterial endothelium [2]. The Pulse Pressure (PP) is a good measure of the calibre of the arterial blood vessels. It is a sensitive predictor of cardiovascular events in ageing populations. In view of this, the study proposes the use of Pulse Pressure in predicting Erectile Dysfunction in ageing men.Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of Pulse Pressure (PP) in predicting Erectile Dysfunction (ED) using the International Index of Erectile Function Score (IIEF5) in men aged 45 years and older at Ndola Teaching Hospital in Zambia.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study which re..... ReadMore

David Caddick* and Vijay Ramani

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000144

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Research question: Does reducing the time between the Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy (RALP) operation date and the removal of the urinary catheter have any effect on the rate of urine infection, acute urinary retention, haematuria or dysuria.Research problem: This study seeks to compare two groups of RALP patients, one with the urinary catheter in situ for 10 days and one group with the catheter in situ for 7 days. The reduction in the time to remove the catheter may have an impact on the frequency of various catheter associated problems including haematuria, rates of urinary infection, dysuria and acute urinary retention and this study seeks to investigate any differences between these groups...... ReadMore

Sasdelli Mauro

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000143

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183Copyright © All rights are reserved by Sasdelli Mauro. Journal of Urology & Nephrology StudiesShort CommunicationThe “Ponticelli” Therapy in the Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: an Italian inventionSasdelli Mauro*Ex director of the Department of Nephrology, San Donato Hospital, Italy*Corresponding author:Sasdelli Mauro, Ex director of the Department of Nephrology, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, ItalyReceived:January 23, 2020Published:January 27, 2020DOI:10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000143ISSN: 2641-1687Introduction Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN) is one of the most frequent adult glomerulonephritis often associated to the clinical picture of nephrotic syndrome. In the IMN the antigens are probably located at the base of podocytes, and the glomerular lesions occur by the local formation of ..... ReadMore

Dr. Huseyin Kocan

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000142

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Background: The ICD-10 coding system is commonly used in organizations providing health services in many countries. This coding system used for diagnosis of diseases is standardized for national and international diagnoses with the aim of determining incidence rates for diseases and acting as a guide for determination of health policies.Aim: To determine the amount of ICD-10 diagnosis codes used for all patients attending our hospital in a 1-year period, the rates of ICD-10 related to urogenital system diseases and the distribution of urogenital system diseases.Materials and methods: From 15/04/2018 to 15/04/2019, a total of 3,764,124 ICD-10 codes were recorded for diagnosis and treatment in all units of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital. Of these, 174,448 (5%) were ICD-10 codes for the urogenita..... ReadMore

Kane Yaya*, Bah Aw Mamadou, Lemrabott AT, Faye Maria, Faye Moustapha, Ka El Fary, Niang Abdou, Diouf Boucar, Seck Sidy Mohamed, Diawara Mame Selly and Cisse M Moustapha

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2020.02.000141

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We describe two cases of impaired secondary renal function to a Carapa Procera taking as part of traditional treatment in Ziguinchor, southern Senegal. The certain or suspected toxicity of Carapa Procera is little known in the literature. In the two reported observations, no cause but the traditional treatment was found to explain the clinical picture presented. The development was favourable in all cases after medical treatment and a few hemodialysis sessions. we insist on the difficult context of investigation of these accidents, on the medical ignorance of these practices in sub-Saharan Africa and in Senegal in particular, as well as on the necessary collaboration with local botanists knowledgeable in traditional medicine...... ReadMore

Camila R T Burity*, Fábio T Ferreira, Edson S Bezerra, Dorival M Duarte, Euclides J Nunes and Ricardo D Saade

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.02.000139

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A sliding hernia occurs when the hernia sac is partially formed by the wall of an abdominal organ, as sigmoid colon, appendix, cecum, and urinary bladder. The presence of bladder is rare, occurring in less than 4% of the cases. This case series shows typical radiology findings in three men with bladder inguinal hernia and how the pre-operative diagnoses can prevent complications...... ReadMore

ackie Bitton*, Charles Chatzopoulos, Sandrine Rorive and Claude C Schulman

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.02.000138

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Melanoma is an aggressive tumour with an increasing incidence. Metastatic melanoma of the bladder is a very rare finding. We report the case of a 78-year-old man who presented with visible hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed bladder lesions that were endoscopically resected and diagnosed as melanoma of the bladder. Past history showed previous skin melanoma eleven years earlier and later recurrence in the left tight in 2016. We will discuss the epidemiology and treatment options of malignant metastatic melanoma based on a review of the literature...... ReadMore

Serebryakova IP1*, Galakhova RK, Kuznetsova Alla V, Bashnina Elena B, Baranov Vitalii L, Vorokhobina NV, Maksiutova IR and Guseva PS

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.02.000137

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he article describes a clinical case of a patient, phenotypically male, with male gender identity and male type of external genitalia, but two-sided cryptorchidism, who first time seek medical attention due to urological complaints in adulthood. During the diagnostics, it was found that he has internal female reproductive organs, hypospadia of the urethra and karyotype 46, XX. Hormonal and molecular genetic analysis allowed to diagnose the virile form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Late diagnostics and therapy initiation of 21-hydroxylase deficiency led to the formation of adrenal tumors, stunting, long-existing urological problems...... ReadMore

Volkov VP*

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.02.000136

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The article describes the observations of renal amyloidosis, developed in the course of long-term antipsychotic therapy of patients with schizophrenia, which can be considered as one of the variants of neuroleptic disease, this severe iatrogenic multiple organ pathology, due to a wide range of the negative side effects of antipsychotic drugs...... ReadMore

Abdul Kader Mohiuddin*

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.02.000133

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UTIs typically cause women to have a severe urge to urinate, and to do so frequently. It’s also often very painful when they do, and many experiences a burning sensation in their bladder or urethra. Two common factors emerged in urine that had a better ability to resist bacterial growth: it had a high pH—one that’s more alkaline, in other words-and higher levels of certain metabolites formed by gut microbes. Physicians already know how to raise urinary pH with things like calcium supplements, and alkalizing agents are already used in the U.K. as over-the-counter UTI treatments. However, early on in an infection, cells produce a protein called siderocalin that blocks bacterial growth, including the growth of E. coli. Uncomplicated UTIs usually go away with drugs within two to..... ReadMore

Suraj Hegde, Amulya Cherukumudi*, Rajeev TP and Narendra Pai

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.02.000127

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Carcinoid tumors originate from neuroendocrine cells and have an indolent course. Primary carcinoid of the kidney is rare, as renal parenchyma is lacking in the enterochromaffin cells. The aetiopathogenesis is not properly understood as there are very few cases. There are several tests that can be performed pre-operatively, with octreotide scintigraphy being specific. Histopathology helps confirm the diagnosis, and this is further supplemented by immunohistochemistry. IHC stains positive for cytokeratin and synaptophysin in case of carcinoid tumors. While medical treatment helps manage the syndromes that maybe associated with a carcinoid tumor, surgery remains the treatment of choice. These tumors have a low malignant potential, and post-operative chemoradiotherapy is often not indicated. Here we present a case of a middle-aged fema..... ReadMore

Youssouf Belazzouz*

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.02.000126

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Diabetic nephropathy is the result of pathophysiological mechanisms whose best knowledge has offered new therapeutic possibilities and a better life expectancy for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the diabetic kidney may be the seat of other lesions. This is due to diabetics whose positive diagnosis is based on renal biopsy, which is certainly an invasive means but will allow etiological therapeutic management other than glycemic control. diabetic nephropathy is a chronic pathology which therefore requires non-invasive monitoring means that will allow us not only to determine the rate of progression of diabetic kidney disease but also to indicate screening for previously undiagnosed non-diabetic renal lesion. for this reason, biological and morphological means are necessary whose cost-benefit ratio is necessar..... ReadMore

Safarik L*, Handrejch L, Koch M, Horáková M and Popílka I

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.01.000125

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A 58-year-old male with BMI 36,8 was seen due to his allegedly three months lasting dysuria and traces of blood in his urine. His renal function was normal, CRP 18,7 and urinary sediment was flooded with red blood cells, but w/o bacterial infection. There was no dilatation on U/S, but hyperechoic exophytic mass was seen in the bladder. The CT scan showed mass, as on Figure 1a. Biopsy from the mass was taken to disclose sarcomatoid tumor of the bladder. (Figure 2a). Since there was no secondaries observable in time of CT scan and on scintigraphy, the radical cystectomy with ileal conduit was suggested...... ReadMore

Safarik L*, Handrejch L, Ladman J, Koch M and Horáková M

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.01.000124

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A 65-year-old woman had been presented with 2 weeks right lumbar pain and history of two UTI in the past 6 months. On U/S examination, there was a clearly visible hyperechoic stone in the central part of the right kidney w/o any obstruction. The CT scan had proved 14.1 x 6.9mm asymmetrical stone stucked in central pelvis with post-inflammatory changes around it. (Figure 1). The patient had allergy on Indomethacin, Ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal pain killers indicating long-lasting and recurrent painful urological troubles...... ReadMore

Omer Abdalla*

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.01.000123

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The superficial bladder cancer is associated with high risk of recurrence and progression, necessitating lengthy follow up and repeated endoscopic treatments. White light cystoscopy (WLC) is the current gold standard for the diagnosis, treatment and surveillance, however the sensitivity and specificity isn’t perfect with risk of missing some tumours. A photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using Blue-light cystoscopy is a novel concept proposed to overcome the WLC shortcomings. This critical review synthesizes the evidences on the effectiveness of Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) for the diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and the impact of photodynamic diagnosis on the recurrence rate and progression of superficial bladder cancer...... ReadMore

Volkogon Andrii*, Chumachenko Yaroslav, Harbuzova Viktoriia2 and Ataman Alexander

DOI : 10.32474/JUNS.2019.01.000122

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MALAT1 (metastatic associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is one of the most well-known and most conserved long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). This lncRNA is considered to be the biomarker of PC increased risk, and high expression of its gene correlates with the worst survival rate in patients with PC. Thus, the objective of current study is to analyze the possible link between rs3200401 locus of lncRNA MALAT1 gene and prostate adenocarcinoma (PA) development in Ukrainian population. Venous blood of 184 patients with PA and 66 men without cancer was used for case-control study. MALAT1 rs3200401 polymorphism genotyping was performed by real-time PCR method. The statistical analysis of obtained data was performed using SPSS 17.0. Our data showed that MALAT1 rs3200401 SNP was related to PA, regardless of adjustment for age, smoking status an..... ReadMore