New Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review Article Volume 6 - Issue 1

Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur¹, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur², Soesilaningtyas³, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur⁴, Mega Kahdina⁴ and Hernalia Martadila Putri⁴

• ¹Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
  ²Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
  ³Department of Dental Nursing, Indonesia
  ⁴Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Received:April 06, 2021   Published: April 16, 2021

*Corresponding author: Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur, Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI: 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2021.05.000228

Fulltext PDF

To view the Full Article   Peer-reviewed Article PDF

Abstract

Introduction: SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can exacerbate and remit. This disease attacks various organs such as the skin, kidneys, musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, and oral cavities. As many as 50-70% of SLE patients have kidney problems. Renal involvement is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in this population. Clinically, renal disease in SLE begins with asymptomatic proteinuria which then progresses rapidly to progressive glomerulonephritis with renal failure. About 95% of SLE patients can show musculoskeletal manifestations. Arthralgia, joint deformities, temporomandibular joint abnormalities and avascular necrosis have been reported in SLE patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / SLE) cannot be cured, but there is a series of active phases (flares) and the calm phase of the disease. The goals of available treatment are to reduce the severity of symptoms, prevent organ damage, and minimize their impact on the life of people with SLE. The type of drug and dose given to one lupus sufferer is not the same as other lupus sufferers and can change from time to time depending on the symptoms you feel and the severity of them. Therapy in lupus is very individualistic depending on the severity of the disease, the goal is to suppress disease activity by weighing the risk of side effects. In life-threatening patients, therapy is carried out as aggressively as possible by administering very high doses of the drug and carried out in a hospital. New therapy is needed in lupus patients so that life expectancy increases, and complications can be avoided.

Discussion: In recent years, the treatment of LES nephritis has been based on several years of high doses of immunosuppressants and NSAIDs in mild cases. Immunosuppressants used can be metotrexan, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, azatiophrine and mycophenolate mofetil. This kind of approach is usually used in severe cases such as lupus nephritis by using several drug combinations. Another therapy for LES is by changing the lifestyle (lifestyle) by maintaining health with exercise, diet and vitamins and avoiding predisposing factors such as sunlight. However, current LES therapy prevents the patient’s condition from recurring (flare) or worsening and complications occur, it is hoped that in the future LES therapy can improve the general condition of the patient so that the patient can recover easily due to LES.

Conclusion: A new therapy for SLE patients is needed for increasing quality life and maintenance health. Further research is needed in the new therapy of SLE to improve safety and health condition itself.

Keywords: SLE, autoimmune; therapy

Abbreviations: SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; AAV: Adeno-Association Virus; EAE: Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis; APS: Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Abstract| Introduction| Discussion| Conclusion| References|