Lupine Publishers Group

The pathogenesis of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (iERM) is still unclear. Its formation is related to the posterior vitreous detachment, renin-angiotensin system activation, estrogen reduction and so on. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination is the gold standard for diagnosing iERM, which is helpful for the early detection of macular epithelium, and the staging method based on OCT images can describe the degree of its retinopathy. The retinopathy shown in the images help to choose the timing of surgery, such as the thickness of the fovea, the integrity of the ellipsoid zone, and the central cone bouquet. The optical coherence tomography angiography image of the iERM eye is different from the normal eye and can assess the prognosis of the patient to a certain extent. For example, the area of the foveal avascular ar..... ReadMore

Covid-19 has been creating a worldwide turmoil since its emergence in 2020. First detected in China, it has engulfed the entire globe. Spanning from lungs to other parts, there are reports of eyes being impacted by Covid-19. This short communication high- lights the impacts of covid-19 on human eye and summarises the observed complications caused by SARS-Cov-2...... ReadMore

Objective: To describe an unusual presentation of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) and to report a previously unknown genetic alteration in the ZEB1 gene. Methods: Biomicroscopy, confocal microscopy and genetic analysis were performed on the index patient and his first-degree relative. Results: We present the case of a 64-year-old woman diagnosed with keratoconus who was referred for a corneal endothelium study. The patient presented endothelial lesions in both eyes suggestive of PPCD, corectopia and iridocorneal endothelial synechiae in the right eye and intrastromal segments in the left eye. The endothelial count was 825 in the right eye and 1361 in the left eye, with typical PPCD lesions visible on specular and confocal microscopy. In the genetic analysis by nucleotide sequencing, a heterozygous c.1A> C (p.Met1Leu)..... ReadMore

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the pandemic status of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It was then that the world was gridlocked and plunged into new and uncertain times; the fight of humanity versus COVID-19 became official. Healthcare services became the limelight of society, and the pressure was on to deal with the acutely sick. In response, NHS England called on all specialties to draft plans with the aim of increasing capacity for acute medicine to prepare for the surge of COVID-19 cases [1]..... ReadMore

Understanding the relationship between an exposure and an outcome of interest is the central challenge of most research in the medical sciences, including in Ophthalmology. The exposure may be aetiological in nature, taking the form of a putative risk biological factor, or therapeutic, in the form of a proposed treatment. Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) sit at the top of the canonical hierarchy of evidence, primarily because the process of randomisation balances both known and unknown confounders between the exposed vs the unexposed arm, where the ‘exposure’ is a treatment of some kind [1,2]. Given a large enough sample size, the two arms will on average differ in only one respect: allocation to receive or not to receive the exposure under investigation. Consequently, we can attribute any differences in outcomes in the..... ReadMore

Purpose: To compare the retinal and choroidal thickness in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome patients with healthy controls using optical coherence tomography seen at tertiary care center. Method: 16 patients with unilateral Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (FUS) and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this retrospective study. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the central foveal thickness (CFT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and sub foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of the eyes with FUS and compared with the unaffected fellow eye and healthy controls. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.2 ± 8 years. Seven patients (60%) were male, and nine (40%) were female. Diffuse stellate keratic precipitates (KPs) were seen in all patients. Mild anterior chamber reaction was noted 62.5%. Heterochromia w..... ReadMore

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a human Coronavirus first reported in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China after 41 cases of unexplained pneumonia were identified in the region [1]. On January 7, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially identified the pathogen as a novel human coronavirus via throat and nasopharyngeal swab, and on March 11, 2020 the WHO declared the outbreak as a pandemic associated with substantial morbidity and mortality [2]. SARS-CoV-2 belongs genetically to the Coronaviridae family, a group of viruses typically known to cause mild upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients, and is often transmitted through direct contact, or through respiratory droplet transmissions. [3,4] Of particular concern to ophthalmologists, the novel virus has been found in t..... ReadMore

Purpose: This study’s aim is to explore the various neural mechanisms and possible causes of strabismus, review vision therapy programmes suggested by different authors and observe potential variations of the aforementioned programmes in adults and children. Methods: A search was conducted using various scientific databases and other sources. The risk of bias of the included articles was evaluated using the SYRCLE for animal studies, the ROBINS-I and the JBI tool for case reports. Results: The search showed a total number of 28789 articles. After excluding irrelevant to this research articles, the final reviewed studies are 34. Conclusion: Strabismus alters various brain areas the neural synapses and connections of which are affected. Numerous vision therapy procedures are recommended by the referenced authors while different pr..... ReadMore