Comprehensive Analytical Study of Consciousness Energy Treatment on Tocopherol Using GC-MS LC-MS FT-IR UV-Vis and NMR Spectroscopy

Volume 2 - Issue 5

Mahendra Kumar T¹ and Snehasis J²*

• ¹Trivedi Global, Inc., Henderson, USA
• ²Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., India

Received: March 04, 2020;   Published: March 12, 2020

*Corresponding author: Snehasis J, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Maharashtra, India

DOI: 10.32474/SJFN.2020.02.000148

 

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Abstract

Alpha-tocopherol is the biologically active and abundant form of vitamin E found in mammalian tissues. Some of the major issues associated with tocopherol is solubility in solvents, sensitivity to oxidizing agents and air, critical storage conditions, and the absorption and efficiency in the body are widely variable. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios (P_M+1/P_M and P_M+2/P_M) and structural properties of tocopherol using LC-MS, GC-MS, FT-IR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopy. The Tocopherol sample was divided into two parts. One part of the sample was termed as the untreated/control sample, while the other part of the sample received the Trivedi Effect®-Biofield Energy Treatment remotely for ~3 minutes Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, who was located in the USA, while the test samples were located in the research laboratory in India. The Treated sample was designated as the Biofield Energy Treated sample. The LC-ESI-MS analysis of both the samples showed the mass of protonated parent molecular ion at m/z 431.3 (calcd for C₂₉H₅₁O₂ +, 431.39) at the retention time 21.7 minutes. The relative peak intensities of the Treated sample were significantly improved compared to the Control sample. The isotopic abundance ratios of P_M+1/P_M (²H/¹H or ¹³C/¹²C or ¹⁷O/¹⁶O) and P_M+2/P_M (¹⁸O/¹⁶O) were significantly increased by 12.63% and 36.18%, respectively in the Treated tocopherol compared to the Control sample. Thus, ²H, ¹³C, ¹⁷O, and ³³S contributions from C₂₉H₅₁O₂ + to the isotopic m/z 432.4 and ¹⁸O contribution to the isotopic m/z 433.4 was significantly increased in the Treated sample compared with the Control sample. The GC-MS chromatographic peak area of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol (40229717.47) was significantly increased by 8.41% compared to the Control sample (37109379.65). The FTIR, UV-Vis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic structural analysis showed that the structure of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was similar to the Control sample. The increased mass peak intensities, isotopic abundance ratios and the peak area of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol might be influenced by the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Treatment via the possible mediation of neutrinos. Thus, the Trivedi Effect® Treated tocopherol might be advantageous for designing better nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and or /pharmaceutical formulations which might provide better therapeutic responses against vitamin E deficiency, spinocerebellar ataxia, myopathies, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, skeletal myopathy, impairment of the immune response, red blood cell destruction, cancer, inflammations, cataracts, coronary heart disease, oxidative stress induced pre-eclampsia, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other degenerative diseases, onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), etc.

Keywords: Tocopherol; The Trivedi Effect®; Energy of Consciousness Treatment; Chromatography; Spectroscopy; Peak Area; Peak intensity; Isotopic Abundance

Introduction

Tocopherols are the family of vitamin E compounds naturally found in leafy green vegetables, vegetable oils, fish, nuts. Eight different forms of vitamin E exists naturally are four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The α- (alpha), β- (beta), γ- (gamma) and δ- (delta) forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols occur depend upon the number and position of methyl groups on the chromanol ring [1]. Alpha (α)-tocopherol, the fully methylated tocopherol (Figure 1), is the most biologically active and abundant of all the components of vitamin E found in mammalian tissues [2]. The biological function of α-tocopherol is more interesting on membrane-resident proteins and enzymes, gene expression, and signaling cascades. It may be related to its contribution to membrane structure and dynamics, and thus modulation of membrane dependent signaling mechanisms such as protein and lipid kinases [3]. Vitamin E is used mainly as an antioxidant in preparations containing fat (ointments, creams, parentrals, oils, etc.) and cosmetics [4]. In combination with other antioxidants, such as zinc and vitamin C, vitamin E indicates a protective against the onset and progression of agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) [5]. It is also involved in the regulation of the production of eicosanoids by inhibition of both phospholipases A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX) activities. It has been used to slow down the progression of cataracts, coronary heart disease, oxidative stress leading to pre-eclampsia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and other degenerative diseases [6-10]. The combined α and γ tocopherol supplements may be considered in prostate and other cancer prevention [11]. Deficiency of tocopherol can cause spinocerebellar ataxia [12], myopathies [13], peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, impairment of the immune response [14], red blood cell destruction [15], etc. Chronic use of high doses of tocopherol may cause nausea, diarrhea, or vision deficiencies [16]. Some of the major issues associated with tocopherol is the solubility in solvents, high sensitivity to oxidizing agents, turning dark on exposure to air, critical storage conditions, and the absorption and efficiency in the body are widely variable [17,18]. The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Treatment has significantly influenced the bioavailability of poorly bioavailable compounds (i.e., resveratrol, berberine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in Male Sprague-Dawley rats) [15-17] and altered the physicochemical and thermal properties of many pharmaceutical/ nutraceutical compounds [19-25]. The Trivedi Effect® is natural and the only scientifically proven phenomenon in which a person can harness this inherently intelligent energy from the universe and transmit it anywhere on the planet [26]. Biofield Energy is the electromagnetic field exist around the human body [27,28]. Biofield based Energy Therapies are also used against various human disease conditions and accepted worldwide [27-29] and have been recognized as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) health care approach by National Center of Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) along with other therapies, medicines and practices such as Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese herbs and medicines, yoga, aromatherapy, homeopathy, Qi Gong, Tai Chi, chiropractic/osteopathic manipulation, meditation, acupuncture, acupressure, naturopathy, Reiki, hypnotherapy, healing touch, movement therapy, cranial sacral therapy, etc. [30,31]. The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) also has the surprising ability to alter the characteristic properties of metals and ceramics [32, 33], organic compounds [34, 35], crops [36, 37], microbes [38,39], etc. The Trivedi Effect®, assumed to act through the possible mediation of neutrinos [26], has also altered the isotopic abundance ratio of some of the organic compounds [34,35]. A study on the natural stable isotope is required to understand the isotope kinetic effects resulting from the alterations of the isotopic composition, which have many applications in different fields of sciences [40-42]. Highly sophisticated analytical techniques such as Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are widely used for the study of isotopic abundance ratio analysis with sufficient precision [41]. Therefore, a study has been performed to determine the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of P_M+1/P_M (²H/¹H or ¹³C/¹²C or ¹⁷O/¹⁶O), and P_M+2/P_M (¹⁸O/¹⁶O) along with structural properties of tocopherol using LC-MS, GC-MS, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy.

Materials and Methods

Chemicals and reagents

D/L-alpha-tocopherol (99.30%), a clear yellow/brown viscous oil was purchased from Alfa Aesar, India, and the other chemicals used in the experiment were of analytical grade also available in India.

Consciousness energy healing treatment strategies

The tocopherol test sample was equally divided into two parts. One part of tocopherol was termed as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Consciousness Energy Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) remotely under the standard laboratory conditions for ~3 minutes by Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, who was located in the USA, while the test samples were located in the research laboratory in India. The other part of the test sample was termed as the Control/untreated sample, which did not receive the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Treatment but was subjected to a “sham” healer under similar laboratory conditions. The “sham” healer did not have any knowledge about the Biofield Energy Treatment. The Control/untreated and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol samples were kept in similar sealed conditions and further analyzed by using GC-MS, LC-MS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR analytical techniques.

Characterization

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Lc-Ms) analysis and calculation of isotopic abundance ratio

The LC-MS analysis of the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol was performed using LC-Dionex Ultimate 3000, MS-TSQ Endura (USA) equipped with a photo-diode array (PDA) detector connected with a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific TSQ Endura, USA) with a Thermo Scientific Ion Max NG source and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The analysis was performed on a reversed phase Zorbax SB-C18 100 × 4.6mm, 3.5μm in gradient mode in the liquid chromatograph. The mobile phase was 2mM ammonium formate and 0.5% formic acid in water (mobile phase A), and acetonitrile at a constant flow rate of 0.6mL/min (mobile phase B). The column temperature was kept constant at 40 ˚C. The injection volume was 10μL and the total run time was 30 minutes. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a gradient condition as follow: 0min- 50%B, 5min-90%B, 10min-100%B, 20min-100%B, 25min-50%B, and 30min-50%B. Peaks were monitored using the PDA detector. The mass spectrometric analysis was performed under the +ve ESI mode. The total ion chromatogram peak area% and mass spectrum of the individual peak which appeared in LC, along with the full scan, were recorded. The mass peak intensities of the mass spectrum of the individual peak were recorded. The natural abundance of the C, O, and H isotopes can be predicted from the comparison of the relative abundance of the isotope peak with respect to the base peak. The values of the natural isotopic abundance of the common elements were obtained from the literature [42-45]. The isotopic abundance ratios (P_M+1/P_M and P_M+2/P_M) for the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol were calculated. % change in isotopic abundance ratio of the Treated tocopherol = [(IAR_Treated – IAR_Control)/ IAR_Control) x 100] Where, IAR_Treated: isotopic abundance ratio in the Treated tocopherol and IAR_Control: isotopic abundance ratio in the Control tocopherol.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis

The GC-MS analysis of the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol was performed using Agilent 7890B with 5977B Mass selective detector, USA [46]. Gas chromatograph equipped with a silica capillary column HP-5 MS (30m x 0.25mm x 0.25μm) and coupled to the quadrupole detector with pre-filter. The mass spectrometer was operated in an electron ionization (EI) positive mode at the electron ionization energy of 70eV. The oven temperature was programmed from 50 °C (1 min hold) to 150 °C@20 °C/min to 200 °C (6min hold) @25 °C/min to 280 °C@20 °C/min (12min hold). Temperatures of the injector, detector (FID), auxiliary, ion source, and quadrupole detector were 230, 250, 280, 230, and 150 °C. The tocopherol was dissolved in methanol (5mg/ mL), and 5.0μL was splitlessly injected with helium as a carrier gas with a flow rate of 2.0mL/min. Mass spectra were scanned from m/z 40 to 1050 at a stability of ± 0.1m/z mass accuracy over 48 hours and mass peak intensities of the mass spectrum of the individual peak were recorded.

Percent change in peak intensity (I) was calculated using following equations:

Where, I_Control and I_Treated are the peak intensity of the Control and Biofield Energy Treated samples of tocopherol, respectively.

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy

The FT-IR spectroscopy was recorded on the Spectrum ES (Perkin Elmer, USA) Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with the frequency array of 400-4000cm^-1. The compound was run as NaCl disks in mull method (2mg of Control/Biofield Energy Treated sample in 2 drops of chloroform).

Ultraviolet-visible pectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis

The UV-Vis spectral analysis of the tocopherol was carried out using a Shimadzu UV-2400PC series (Japan). The absorbance spectra with the wavelength of maximum absorbance (λ max) were recorded.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis

¹H NMR spectra of tocopherol were recorded at 400MHz on Agilent-MRDD2 FT-NMR. Approximately 3mg of the sample was dissolved in DMSO-d6. Chemical shifts (d) were in parts per million (pP_M) relative to the solvent’s residual proton chemical shift {(CD₃)₂SO, δ = 2.5}. ¹H NMR multiplicities were designated as singlet (s), doublet (d), doublet of doublet (dd), triplet (t), quartet (q), multiplet (m), broad (br), apparent (app). Similarly, ¹³C NMR spectra of tocopherol were measured at 100 MHz on Agilent-MRDD2 FT-NMR spectrometer at room temperature. Approximately 25mg of the sample was dissolved in DMSO-d6. Chemical shifts (d) were in parts per million (pP_M) relative to the solvent’s residual carbon chemical shift {(CD₃)₂SO, δ = 39.52}.

Results and Discussion

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Lc-Ms) analysis

The Control and the Biofield Energy Treated samples of tocopherol showed the chromatographic peak at retention times (Rt) 21.7 minutes (Figure 2). The peak area% of the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol at Rt 21.7 minutes was 99.2% in both the cases. This indicated that the polarity of both the samples remained similar. The LC-ESI-MS spectra exhibited the protonated molecular ion peak (Figure 3) of tocopherol at m/z 431.30 in the Control and 431.35 in the Biofield Energy Treated sample (calcd for C₂₉H₅₁O₂ +, 431.39). The isotopic peaks were observed at m/z 432.4 (M+1) and 433.4 (M+2) in both the spectra. The parent mass peak at m/z 431.3 was the base peak with 100% relative peak intensity in case of both the spectra (Figure 3). But, the relative peak intensities of the isotopic peaks in the Treated tocopherol were significantly altered compared to the Control sample.

Isotopic abundance ratio analysis

The Control and the Biofield Energy Treated samples of tocopherol showed the mass of protonated molecular ion at m/z 431.3 (calcd for C₂₉H₅₁O₂ +, 431.39) with 100% relative abundance in the spectra. The theoretical calculation of isotopic peak P_M+1 for the protonated tocopherol presented below:

P (¹³C) = [(29 x 1.1%) x 100% (the actual size of the M+ peak)] / 100% = 31.90%

P (²H) = [(51 x 0.015%) x 100%] / 100% = 0.77%

P (¹⁷O) = [(2 x 0.04%) x 100%] / 100% = 0.08%

P_M+1 i. e.¹³C, ²H, and ¹⁷O contributions from C₂₉H₅₁O₂ + to m/z 432.4 = 32.75%

Similarly, the theoretical calculation of isotopic peak P_M+2 for the protonated tocopherol is presented below:

P (¹⁸O) = [(1 x 0.20%) x 100%] / 100% = 0.2%

P_M+2 of ¹⁸O contribution from C₂₉H₅₁O₂ + to m/z 433.4 = 0.2%

The calculated isotopic abundance of P_M+1 value 32.75% was higher to the observed value (23.75%). But, the calculated P_M+2 value 0.2% was lower to the observed value (3.87%) (Table 1). The probability of A + 1 and A + 2 elements having an isotope with one and two mass units heavier, respectively than the most abundant isotope (i.e.,¹³C,¹⁷O, and ¹⁸O) contributes to the mass of the isotopic molecular ion [M+1]+ and [M+2]+. ²H did not contribute to any isotopic m/z ratios of tocopherol because of its less natural abundance compared to the abundances of C and O isotopes [47-50]. But, the contributions of ¹³C, ¹⁷O, and ¹⁸O was major from tocopherol to the isotopic mass peak at m/z 432.4 and 433.4 confirmed from the calculations.

The percentage change in the isotopic abundance ratios (P_M+1/ P_M and P_M+2/P_M) in the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol was calculated compared to the Control sample (Table 1). The isotopic abundance ratio of P_M+1/P_M (²H/¹H or ¹³C/¹²C or ¹⁷O/¹⁶O) in the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol was significantly increased by 12.63% compared to the Control sample (Table 1). This indicated that the ²H, ¹³C, ¹⁷O, and ³³S contributions from C₂₉H₅₁O₂ + to the isotopic m/z 432.4 in the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol sample was significantly increased compared to the Control sample. Similarly, the isotopic abundance ratio of P_M+2/P_M (¹⁸O/¹⁶O) in the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol also significantly increased by 36.18% compared to the Control sample (Table 1). Therefore, the ¹⁸O contribution from C₂₉H₅₁O₂ + to the isotopic m/z 433.4 in the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol was significantly increased compared to the Control sample. Based on the results, it can be assumed that the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Treatment might provide the necessary energy for the neutrino oscillations that lead to the alteration of the isotopic abundance ratio of tocopherol. The neutrino is an electrically neutral elementary particle with very small mass that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity [51,52]. The discovery neutrino oscillations seem to give credence to the postulates on effect on the atomic weight and charge by the Trivedi Effect® [26]. The alteration in isotopic abundance ratio may affect the kinetic isotope effects of the atoms/molecules. It is very useful to study the reaction mechanism, understand the enzymatic transition state, and the mechanism that is supportive for designing effective and specific inhibitors, etc. [42]. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol with improved isotopic abundance ratio (P_M+1/P_M and P_M+2/P_M) was assumed to be more advantageous for the designing of better nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations.

Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis

The GC-MS chromatograms of tocopherol showed the single chromatographic peaks in the case of both the Control, and the Biofield Energy Treated samples at 24.1 minutes (Figure 4). It indicated that the polarity of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol remained similar compared to the Control sample. But, the GC chromatographic peak area of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol (40229717.47) was significantly increased by 8.41% compared to the Control sample (37109379.65) (Table 2). This indicated that the solubility of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol was increased compared to the Control sample. The GCMS spectra of the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol at Rt of 24.1 minutes exhibited the presence of the molecular ion at m/z 430.5 (calcd for C₂₉H₅₁O₂ +, 430.38) along with other lower mass fragmentation peaks (Figure 5). The GC-MS fragmentation pattern and mass peak intensities of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol were very close compared to the Control sample (Figure 5 & Table 2). The increased peak area of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol is assumed to be the influence of Consciousness Energy Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®).

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy

The Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol samples were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy (Figure 6). The FT-IR spectra of both the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated Tocopherol showed the clear stretching and bending peak in the functional group and fingerprint region. The broad peak in the functional group region at 3472cm-1 in the Control and 3478cm-1 in the Biofield Energy Treated spectrum was due to O-H stretching. The spectra showed aliphatic C-H stretching at 2929, and 2868cm- 1 for both the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated samples of tocopherol. The aromatic C=C and aliphatic C-O-C stretching frequency were observed at 1460cm-1 and 1085 cm-1, respectively for both the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated samples of tocopherol. The fingerprint region of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol also remained the same compared to the Control sample. The FT-IR spectra did not display any changes in the vibrational frequencies. Overall, there was no alteration in the structural properties observed in the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol as compared to the Control sample. The detailed experimental vibrational spectra of tocopherol were similar to that of earlier reported literature [53]. Since both the spectra have very similar IR bands of tocopherol, it is indicated that there was no significant alteration in the structural properties of the Biofield Energy Treated sample compared to the Control sample.

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis

The UV-visible spectra of the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol are shown in Figure 7. The Control and the Biofield Energy Treated samples showed the maximum absorbance at 210nm (λ max). The experimental data were closely match to the published literature data. The peak at 210nm showed a minor shift of absorbance maxima from 2.3716 in the Control to 2.3827 in the Biofield Energy Treated sample. The analysis revealed that the electronic transitions between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital remained same in the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol samples.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis

The ¹H NMR spectra of the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol are shown in Figure 8. The signals for the proton coupling of CH3, CH2, CH, and OH protons in both the ¹H NMR spectra of tocopherol were in the range of δ 0.8 to 7.4pP_M (Figure 8 and Table 3). The ¹H signals for the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol were close to each other. Correspondingly, ¹³C NMR spectra of the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol are shown in Figure 9. The carbon signals for CH3, CH2, CH, =C<, and C-OH groups in both the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated NMR spectra were in the range of 11.5-145.1 (Figure 9 and Table 3). The ¹³C signals for the Control and the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol were close to each other. The experimental data were closely matched to the published literature. The NMR spectral data indicated that structure of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol did not alter compared to the Control sample.

Conclusion

Overall experimental results revealed that the Trivedi Effect®- Consciousness Energy Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) showed a significant impact on the mass peak intensities, isotopic abundance ratios and the peak area of tocopherol. The LC-ESIMS analysis of both the samples showed the mass of protonated parent molecular ion at m/z 431.3 (calcd for C₂₉H₅₁O₂ +, 431.39) at the retention time 21.7 minutes. The relative peak intensities of the Biofield Energy Treated sample were significantly improved compared to the Control sample. The isotopic abundance ratios of P_M+1/P_M (²H/¹H or ¹³C/¹²C or ¹⁷O/¹⁶O) and P_M+2/P_M (¹⁸O/¹⁶O) were significantly increased by 12.63% and 36.18%, respectively in the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol compared to the Control sample. Thus, ²H, ¹³C, ¹⁷O, and ³³S contributions from C₂₉H₅₁O₂ + to the isotopic m/z 432.4 and ¹⁸O contribution to the isotopic m/z 433.4 were significantly increased in the Biofield Energy Treated sample compared with the Control sample. The GC-MS chromatographic peak area of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol (40229717.47) was significantly increased by 8.41% compared to the Control sample (37109379.65). The increased mass peak intensities, isotopic abundance ratios and the peak area of the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol might be influenced by the Trivedi Effect®- Consciousness Energy Treatment via the possible mediation of neutrinos. Thus, the Trivedi Effect® Treated tocopherol could be advantageous for designing better nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and/or pharmaceutical formulations which might provide better therapeutic responses against vitamin E deficiency, spinocerebellar ataxia, myopathies, peripheral neuropathy, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, impairment of the immune response, red blood cell destruction, cancer, inflammations, cataracts, coronary heart disease, oxidative stress induced pre-eclampsia, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other degenerative diseases, onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), etc. Similarly, the Biofield Energy Treated tocopherol could be used as a better antioxidant in food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical preparations containing fat (ointments, creams, oils, etc.) and cosmetics.

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Trivedi Science, Trivedi Global, Inc., and Trivedi Master Wellness for their assistance and support during this work.

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