Mechanisms of Resistance to Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina Citri Populations in Florida

Volume 1 - Issue 3

Julius Eason¹, Lambert HB Kanga¹*, Muhammad Haseeb¹, Jawwad A Quershi² and Jesusa Legaspi³

Received: February 14, 2018;   Published: February 21, 2018

DOI: 10.32474/CIACR.2018.01.000111

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Abstract

Background: The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is the most devastating pest on citrus in Florida as it vectors causal pathogens of citrus greening a disease also known as huanglongbing. Florida is the largest citrus producer in the.com and the development of insecticide resistance in ACP populations is a serious threat to the citrus industry. Mechanisms of resistance in ACP are not fully understood. Thus, in order to develop a resistance management program, the primary type of resistance must be determined. We conducted several studies to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to two commonly used classes of insecticides in ACP populations.

Results: Enhanced metabolism by esterase (185.0-fold) and carboxyl esterase (30.33-fold) were major factors of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. In addition, glutathione-s-transferees (2.5-44 fold), mixed function oxidise (2.17-fold), and altered target site (3.67-fold) were also significant factor of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides.

Conclusion: Mechanisms of resistance in ACP populations to insecticides were both metabolic and altered target site; therefore synergist probes such as piperonyl butoxide, S, S, S, -tri-n- butyl phosphorotrithionate, triphenyl phosphate and formamidine could be used successfully to design a resistance management strategy for the Asian citrus psyllid.

Keywords: Asian citrus psyllid; Citrus greening; Insecticide resistance; Mechanisms of resistance

Abbrevations: ACP: Asian Citrus Psyllid; PBO: Piperonyl Butoxide; SL: Susceptible Strain; CL: Confidence Limit; TEPP: Triphenyl Phosphate; SR: Synergism Ratio

Abstract| Introduction| Materials and Methods| Results and Discussion| Acknowledgment| References|