Nanotechnology in Phytotherapy: The Effect of Noni’s Nanoemulsion on Bacterial Translocation Induced By Experimental Model of Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion

Volume 1 - Issue 1

Giovanna Dantas Fulco¹, Irami Araújo-Neto², Maria Helena Wanderley Costa Dantas³, Tarciso Bruno Montenegro Sampaio⁴, Amália Cinthia Meneses do Rêgo⁵ and Irami Araújo-Filho⁶*

Received: January 09, 2018;   Published: January 19, 2018

DOI: 10.32474/RRHOAJ.2018.01.000101

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Abstract

Background: The study evaluated nano structured extract Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) conveyed in enteral form, in an experimental model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), as well as in the prevention of bacterial translocation.

Purpose: Observe the protective and repairing effect of Noni’s nanoemulsified extract in the presence of induced bacterial translocation, by an experimental model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.

Methods and Findings: The study consisted of 2 groups of 7 animals, where the Controls were treated with 0.9% saline solution (I/R + S) and Experimental group (I/R + Noni) treated with 5 mg/ml/Kg Noni nanoemulsion, orally by gavage 12h and 2h before the experiment. In the groups, the superior mesenteric artery was occluded with a vascular micro clamp and the laparotomy reopened 60min. after for pull back the clamp. Treatment response was assessed by blood count, inflammatory markers and biochemical dosages, including a sample of the terminal ileum and hepatic of each animal was harvested, fixed in formalin 10% and included in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for morphometric measurement. Measurement of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 was done. One gram of spleen, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested for culture by selective means for Gram (-) and Gram (+) bacteria. ANOVA and the post-hoc Turkey and Student´s t test were used, considering p<0, 05 as significant.

Conclusion: Noni´s nanoemulsion positively influenced the organic reactions in the presence of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, reducing the production of pro inflammatory cytokines, bacterial translocation, preventing tissue injury and attenuating the systemic inflammatory response against the experimental model used

Keywords: Noni: Ischemia-reperfusion injury; Bacterial translocation; Biotechnology; Nanotechnology; phytotherapy

Abbreviations: GGT: Gamma-glutamyl Transferase; ECUA: Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals; NCCAE: National Council for Control of Animal Experimentation; NO: Nitric oxide; AST: glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase; ALT: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; HSV: total bilirubin and fractions, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; SMA: Superior Mesenteric Artery

Abstract| Introduction| Material and Methods| Results| Discussion| Conclusion| References|