Role of Carbon Mono-Oxide (CO) Signaling During Trophoblast Invasion in Humans

Volume 2 - Issue 2

Ruby Dhar, Indrani Mukherjee, Sunil Singh, Sandep Goswami and Subhradip Karmakar*

Received: January 08, 2019;   Published: January 17, 2019

DOI: 10.32474/OAJRSD.2019.02.000133

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Abstract

Trophoblast cells originating from the outer tropho ectodermal layer of the blastocyst forms the placenta, a transient organ that is instrumental in supporting pregnancy. The process begins with the interaction between two genetically dissimilar tissues, with the trophoblast cells, like a parasite programing the maternal system to suit its survival. A successful pregnancy is multistep process initiating with the process of proper orientation and apposition of the floating blastocyst to the maternal uterine endometrium. This is followed by the pseudo malignant trophoblasts invading the maternal decidua and securing an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrient to the fetus. Several cytokines and hormones are known to orchestrate this process derailment of which often have far reaching consequences. Carbon monoxide (CO) originating from HMOX (Heme Oxygenase) system is believed to play a crucial role in this process. Though not much is known about this system, preliminary findings from our lab points out an important role of this gaseous molecule during trophoblast invasion.

Abbrevations:CO: Carbon Monoxide; HMOX: Heme Oxygenase; MMP: Matrix Metalloproteinases; uPA: Urokinase type Plasminogen Activator; NO: Nitric Oxide; NOS: Nitric Oxide Synthase; MMP: Matrix Metallo Protease; ECM: Extracellular Matrix; EVTs: Extra Villous Cytotrophoblast; MAPK: Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase; PE: Preeclampsia; HTN: Hypertensiong

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