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ISSN: 2641-1768

Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences

Review ArticleOpen Access

Implementing Change in an Organization: A General Overview

Volume 1 - Issue 1

Dave Higgins and Paul Andrew Bourne*

  • Author Information Open or Close
    • Statistician, Northern Caribbean University, Jamaica

    *Corresponding author: Paul Andrew Bourne, Statistician, Northern Caribbean University, Jamaica

Received: August 22, 2018;   Published: August 29, 2018

DOI: 10.32474/SJPBS.2018.01.000102

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Abstract

As human beings we tend to be averse to change and resistant to anything that threatens the status quo. All organizations require constant change and innovation for improvement. Educational changes are often perceived by some of the stakeholders as being so problematic, that is, it is not the nature of the change itself but the nature of the knowledge, skills and attitudes. This review selectively examines some of the theoretical and empirical organizational change literature, and the implementation of change in organization. Two of the cornerstone models or theories for understanding and implementing organizational change are presented in this review. The one developed by Kurt Lewin in the 1940’s and the other developed by Lippitt, Watson, and Westley in 1958. These two models still hold true today. Research dealing with the behavioral reactions to change is also reviewed. The importance of trust is explored because whenever change is announced in any organization, the level of trust soars high on the radar of communication and relationships Bourne et al. [1]; Bourne et al. [2]; Bourne [3]; Fukuyama [4]. In other words, trust becomes a critical factor in influencing how the employees think, feel, and act with respect to the current change. In closing, the general observation is advanced that change may occur, whether we like it or not, and leadership should first consider how change affects employees before implementing change initiative. Also, the evaluation of the improvement (program or intervention) to uncover “what works” is a crucial part of implementing change in an organization.

Keywords: Change; Change Implementation; Change Theories; Leadership; Organization

Abstract| Introduction| Theoretical Framework| Literature Review| Organizational culture and change| Implementing and Evaluating Change| Goals for Change| Implementers of Change| Steps to Change| Lewin’s Three-Step Change Theory| Lippitt’s Phases of Change Theory| Importance of Trust in Change Management| Evaluating the Improvement (Program/Intervention)| Conclusion| References|