Apnea in Neonates - Concepts and Controversies
Volume 2 - Issue 2
Santosh Kumar K*
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- Department of Neonatology, Saveetha medical college and hospital, India
*Corresponding author:
Santosh Kumar K, Department of Neonatology, Saveetha medical college and hospital, India
Received: February 02, 2019 Published: February 19, 2019
DOI: 10.32474/PAPN.2019.02.000134
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Abstract
Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is a common problem affecting premature infants. Apnoea is defined as cessation of breathing
for more than 20 seconds or for lesser duration when associated with bradycardia and desaturation. The most likely and accepted
pathogenesis is the “physiologic” immaturity of respiratory control in the neonates. The physiological immaturities include altered
ventilatory responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and altered sleep states. Other hypotheses include gastroesophageal reflux and
anaemia which are still controversial. Three types have been identified namely obstructive, central and mixed types of apnoea.
Management options include the use of supplemental oxygen, position chages and drug therapy with methyxanthines. Other
supportive therapies include kangaroo care, packed cell transfusions. The long term neurodevelopmental consequences of AOP and
its treatment still needs to be studied further..
Keywords:Apnoea of Prematurity; Premature Infant; Neurodevelopment; Methylxanthine Therapy
Abstract|
Introduction|
Incidence|
Fetal to Neonatal Transition|
Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia|
Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia|
Genetic Variability and Apnoea|
Non Pharmacological Therapies|
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Nasal
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation|
Other Therapies|
Sensory Stimulation|
Thermoneutral Range|
Consequences of AOP|
References|