ISSN: 2638-6003
Kuwabara A1* and Fredericson M2
Received: February 13, 2020; Published: March 03, 2020
Corresponding author: Resident Physician, Stanford University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bradford Street, Redwood City, USA
DOI: 10.32474/OSMOAJ.2020.03.000169
To view the Full Article Peer-reviewed Article PDF
Due to the botulinum toxin’s (BoNT) direct and highly selective ability to induce hypotonia as well as its potential to confer potent antinociceptive efficacy, we hypothesize that there may be potential applications in sports medicine populations, which can improve pain, range of motion, and ultimately return to play. From review of the literature, we have identified four different areas of neuromuscular dysfunction for which treatment with BoNT has been shown to be effective: overactivity syndromes, muscular imbalances, bio protection, and neuromuscular pain. BoNT has emerging evidence of multiple beneficial applications in sports medicine. The evidence is strongest for plantar fasciitis and hip osteoarthritis. It is an effective and transient therapeutic option that may improve return to play times.
Bio chemistry
University of Texas Medical Branch, USADepartment of Criminal Justice
Liberty University, USADepartment of Psychiatry
University of Kentucky, USADepartment of Medicine
Gally International Biomedical Research & Consulting LLC, USADepartment of Urbanisation and Agricultural
Montreal university, USAOral & Maxillofacial Pathology
New York University, USAGastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Alabama, UKDepartment of Medicine
Universities of Bradford, UKOncology
Circulogene Theranostics, EnglandRadiation Chemistry
National University of Mexico, USAAnalytical Chemistry
Wentworth Institute of Technology, USAMinimally Invasive Surgery
Mercer University school of Medicine, USAPediatric Dentistry
University of Athens , GreeceThe annual scholar awards from Lupine Publishers honor a selected number Read More...