Pattern of Congenital Ocular Anomalies among Children Seen at a West African Tertiary Eye Care Centre Volume 2 - Issue 4

Kareem Olatunbosun Musa¹*, Sefinat Abiola Agboola², Olapeju Ajoke Sam-Oyerinde², Salimot Tolani Salako², Chinwendu Nwanyieze Kuku², Chinyei Joan Uzoma²

• ¹Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital/ College of Medicine of the University of Lagos
• ²Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos

Received:December 21, 2019;   Published:January 10, 2020

Corresponding author:Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital/ College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos

DOI: 10.32474/TOOAJ.2020.02.000144

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Abstract

Purpose: To describe the pattern of presentation of congenital ocular anomalies among children seen at Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of children below the age of 16 years who were diagnosed of any type of congenital ocular anomaly at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) between January, 2012 and December, 2018 was done. Information concerning age at presentation, gender, affected eye(s), visual acuity and type of congenital anomaly were retrieved from the case files.

Results: Seven hundred and forty-five eyes of 470 patients with congenital anomalies which constituted 13.6% of all the new pediatric ophthalmic consultations were studied. Two hundred and seventy-five (58.5%) children had bilateral ocular involvement while 262 (55.7%) presented within the first year of life. The median age was 0.92 years with an interquartile range of 2.67 years. There were 255 (54.5%) males with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Congenital cataract was the most common congenital ocular anomaly documented in 224 (30.1%) eyes of 133 patients. This was followed by congenital squint (131 eyes, 17.6%), congenital glaucoma (91 eyes, 12.2%) and corneal opacity (52 eyes, 7.0%). Overall, cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction and ptosis accounted for 79.0% of the congenital ocular anomalies documented in this study.

Conclusion: Congenital ocular anomalies accounted for 13.6% of Paediatric ophthalmic consultations in this study. Congenital cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction and ptosis were the most common congenital ocular anomalies observed.

Keywords: Congenital Ocular Anomalies; Children; West African; Tertiary Eye Care

Abstract| Introduction| Materials and Methods| Results| Discussion| Conclusion| Abbreviations| Author’s contribution| Conflict of Interest| Source of support in form of grant| Acknowledgement| References|