Mother’s Knowledge Regarding Diarrheal Disease Among Children Under Five Years Old Khartoum State 2017 Volume 2 - Issue 1

Raja Hashim Majoun¹ and Dr. Kawther Mohammed Mokhtar²*

• ¹ Africa international university, Sudan

² Ribat University Khartoum, Sudan

Received: December 03, 2018;   Published: December 11, 2018

Corresponding author: Dr. Kawther Mohammed Mokhtar, Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan

DOI: 10.32474/LOJNHC.2018.02.000130

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Abstract

Background

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five in developing countries and one of the nine causes of death in children worldwide. Mothers’ knowledge is a very important factor that can participate in saving children’s lives during incidence of diarrhea.

The aim of this Study

To assess mother’s knowledge regarding management of diarrheal diseases among children under five years.

Methods

This is a descriptive cross-sectional, hospital-based study, conducted among 120 mothers who have children with diarrhea at pediatric departments at Mohammed AL amen Hamid [1] pediatrics teaching Hospital. Data was collected by using a designed questionnaire, which fulfilled by direct interview, then collected data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science, the result used frequency and percentage and findings were presented as Tables and Figures.

Results

This study reveals that most of the mother age (25-36) years and have primary level of education. More than half of the mothers they are not know what the diarrhea is mean (55.7 %) and what the causes (55.7%). Tow third of study population (62.7%) they did not know about complication 73%of the mothers, treated their children at home while 46% of the mother immediately going to the hospital if their child developed diarrhea. Most the mother have poor knowledge regarding the preparation of ORS (75%), and importance of given ORS after vomiting (50%). Mother they did not know how to evaluate the danger sign (29.2%). Most of the mother have good knowledge regarding prevention (66.6%), while (35%) they did not know Rota virus vaccine.

Conclusion

The study conclude that the mothers had poor knowledge regarding managements of diarrhea and recommend heath education for all mother in community.

Background

Diarrhea is defined as the passage of three or more loses of liquid stool per day or more frequent passage than is normal for individual. Diarrheal disease rank among the top of three causes of child hood illnesses in the developing countries [1]. UNICEF and WHO report that 1.5 million children die of diarrheal diseases each year [1]. Diarrhea as one of the famous causes of global morbidity and mortality it is essential to quantity factors such as duration

and severity, its comprehension will allow furthermore accurate assignment to diarrhea diseases [2]. Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood death and the second most death worldwide [2]. Globally in 2010 (Tables 1 & 2), there were 1.731 billion episodes of diarrhea (36 million of which progressed to severe episodes) in children younger than 5 years (Table 3). In 2011, 700 000 episodes of diarrhea led to death [2]. Each episode deprives the child of nutrients necessary for growth, thus diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition and malnourished children are more likely to die from diarrhea (Figures 1 & 2).

Simple and cost-effective solution has been designed for the controlling and treatment of diarrhea in addition to the perception of mothers and care givers in the treatment of the existing problem (Figure 3). During the past 10 years there have been some major improvements in our knowledge base regarding the treatment of infectious diarrhea. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) remains central to case management but advances have been made by the introduction of hypotonic solutions and there is early evidence that resistant starch may be the substrate of the Future [3]. The search for anti-secretory drugs continues, with real progress having been made by the introduction of a new class of drugs, enkephalins inhibitors. Other new drugs are in the early phases of development [4].

The role of antimicrobial agents in the management of infective diarrhea continues to be clarified with the emergence of new agents and simplified treatment regimens. Probiotics are popular with diarrhea sufferers and have been shown to have some efficacy, but further scrutiny is required to determine the magnitude of their effects [4]. The Rota virus vaccination has been said to be included in all national immunization programs, but the major factor associated with adequate home treatment is the mother’s knowledge about the cause and treatment of diarrhea [5]. Concisely this study will focus on the mother’s perception regarding the treatment of diarrhea and sensitize them about oral hydration therapy. To study mother knowledge regarding home management of diarrheal disease in children under 5 years [6].

Problem Statement

Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood death and the second most death worldwide [2]. Globally in 2010, there were 1.731 billion episodes of diarrhea (36 million of which progressed to severe episodes) in children younger than 5 years. In 2011, 700 000 episodes of diarrhea led to death [2]. Each episode deprives the child of nutrients necessary for growth, thus diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition and malnourished children are more likely to die from diarrhea [6]. According to the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses guidelines, children with some or no dehydration should be managed at home for diarrhea. The WHO plan A [7,8] also encourages mothers and caregivers to treat diarrhea at home by giving ORS and ORT. Thus, it is important to assess their awareness regarding based management of diarrhea at frequent intervals to provide feedback for the ongoing programs.

Justification

Diarrheal disease rank among the top of three causes of child hood illnesses in the developing countries [1]. About one-third of total hospitalization children are due to diarrheal disease and 17% death related to this condition [2]. WHO estimate that diarrhea accounted for 13.1% of deaths among child under five in Sudan in 2009 reported [9]. Mothers are a very important group that can able to save their children’s lives, therefore this s study will concern with mother’s management of diarrheal diseases.

General Objective

To study mother’s knowledge regarding of diarrheal disease among child under five years in Mohammed Alarmin Hamid pediatric hospital 2017 [10-20].

Specific Objectives

To assess mother’s knowledge regarding Diarrhea Definition, causes, complication, home management prevention.

Materials and Methods

Study Design

Descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study aiming to assess mother’s knowledge regarding management of diarrhea.

Study Period

The study was carried out during the period which extends from first October 2016-end February 2017.

Study Area

The study was conducted at Mohammed Elemi Humid pediatric hospital which is in Omdurman city [21-30]. The hospital is west Omdurman teaching hospital North al-Khalifa mosque east, it includes five department which are Emergency part located in the floor one contains outpatient clinic receive all emergency cases and cold for 24 hours, laboratory contain all routine and special investigation, pharmacy provide medication need, also ultra sound echocardiography. Physiotherapy part, dialysis center, ICU, NURU unit, also contain referral clinic of asthma, GIT, tuberculosis, diabetics. Emergency words for 24hours consist of general word contain 20 bed, respiratory word contain 20 beds, diarrheal word contain 20 beds, internal word for diarrhea and malnutrition contain 20 beds for any words.

Study Population

All mothers whom their children under five admitted in diarrheal word.

Sampling/ Sample Size

The current study includes all the mother in pediatric diarrheal word during the period of the study. (120) Data was collected through interview questionnaire by random sample. (total coverage).

Data Collection Tools and Technique

Interview structured queenlier consist of two-part personal data and, knowledge of diarrhea (what’s diarrhea mean, causes, complication, management, prevention) [31-50].

Data Analysis

Data was analyzed by using the computerized program (statistical package for social science (SPSS) presented in form of Tables and Figures.

Ethical Consideration

a) After approval of the study research by board of nursing faculty of Ribat university (Figure 4 & 5).

b) Then the permission taken from director manager of Mohammed Amlin Hamid pediatric hospital.

c) Verbal Consent from the mother (Tables 4-7).

Discussion

Diarrheal disease rank among the top of three causes of child hood death in developing countries. The current study was conducted among 120 mothers had children complain of diarrhea in pediatric department of Mohammed AL amen Hamid [51-67] teaching hospital, aimed to assess their knowledge regarding diarrhea and management of diarrhea in child under five years. Most of the mothers in current study their age was 25-36 years (38%), as well as most of them were housewives (77%) that consist with study done by BOMA in south Nigeria 2014 age group (26-35) and most of study population housewife [68]. Regarding educational level most of the mothers their educational level was primary (31%) moderate socioeconomic status was reported among most of mother and this is not consisting with study done by BOMA (Tables 8 & 9).

A.N in south Nigeria 2014 whom their level is university [68]. More than half of the mothers 54.6% did not know what’s diarrhea mean this is not consist with study done by JAMIUM in Nigeria setting 2012 78.5% know regarding what’s diarrhea mean [69]. More than half of the mothers didn’t know what the causes of diarrhea (55.6%), identify the causes in current study and this consist with the study reported in Negara setting by JAMUM 2012 the study shows that (55.5%) didn’t knew the causes [69]. Regarding complication (62.37%) of mother they don’t know the complication, that is mean they did not know the hazard of diarrhea may be because that is due to their educational level which was primary on other hand mothers did not know how to evaluate the danger sign of their children (27.6%).

Mother’s knowledge regarding management 73% treated at home while 46% treated at hospital, as the same time mother have good knowledge regarding treated their children at home 73% this consist with study done in south Nigeria 2014 (76%). The current study show (75%) of the mothers did not know how to prepare ORS and uses of it after child vomiting (75.4%), the result of that all children included in this study had a sign of dehydration that is mean the mothers had poor knowledge regarding sign of dehydration and proper manage of diarrhea ( 59% )this is not consist with study done by John in per urban communities 2002 (93.3%) of the mothers know how to prepare the ORS [70]. Regarding prevention of diarrhea 74% of the mother they know how to prevent diarrhea, 35% did not know about Rota vaccine, that is same with study done by JAMIUM in Nigeria setting 2012 which found (71%) of the mothers know regarding prevention but did not know about Rota vaccine. Although most of them had poor knowledge regarding diarrhea, most of them understand how to manage diarrhea at home of their children also they didn’t know how to prepare ORS and preventing dehydration.

Conclusion

In current study most of the mothers did not know diarrhea and management of diarrhea) what’s diarrhea mean (54.6%), causes (55.6%), complication (62.7%), how to prepare ORS (75%), how to evaluate danger sing (54.5), sign of dehydration (54.5%). The mothers they know how to prevent their children from recurrent diarrhea.

Recomination

The Study Recommended That

a) More health educational for the mothers regarding (diarrhea, causes, complication, sign of dehydration, preparation of ORS) in hospital via media, lectures.

b) Importance of education for the mothers.

c) Health education regarding importance of vaccine in health center during ammunition (Rota vaccine).

d) More researches should be conducted in area of this study that is research the literature to support the health management among communities.

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