Mother’s Knowledge Regarding Diarrheal Disease Among Children Under Five Years Old Khartoum State 2017

Background Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five in developing countries and one of the nine causes of death in children worldwide. Mothers’ knowledge is a very important factor that can participate in saving children’s lives during incidence of diarrhea. The aim of this Study To assess mother’s knowledge regarding management of diarrheal diseases among children under five years. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional, hospital-based study, conducted among 120 mothers who have children with diarrhea at pediatric departments at Mohammed AL amen Hamid [1] pediatrics teaching Hospital. Data was collected by using a designed questionnaire, which fulfilled by direct interview, then collected data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science, the result used frequency and percentage and findings were presented as Tables and Figures. Results This study reveals that most of the mother age (25-36) years and have primary level of education. More than half of the mothers they are not know what the diarrhea is mean (55.7 %) and what the causes (55.7%). Tow third of study population (62.7%) they did not know about complication 73%of the mothers, treated their children at home while 46% of the mother immediately going to the hospital if their child developed diarrhea. Most the mother have poor knowledge regarding the preparation of ORS (75%), and importance of given ORS after vomiting (50%). Mother they did not know how to evaluate the danger sign (29.2%). Most of the mother have good knowledge regarding prevention (66.6%), while (35%) they did not know Rota virus vaccine. The study conclude that

163 and severity, its comprehension will allow furthermore accurate assignment to diarrhea diseases [2]. Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood death and the second most death worldwide [2].
Globally in 2010 (Tables 1 & 2), there were 1.731 billion episodes of diarrhea (36 million of which progressed to severe episodes) in children younger than 5 years (Table 3). In 2011, 700 000 episodes of diarrhea led to death [2]. Each episode deprives the child of nutrients necessary for growth, thus diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition and malnourished children are more likely to die from diarrhea (Figures 1 & 2).

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The role of antimicrobial agents in the management of infective diarrhea continues to be clarified with the emergence of new agents and simplified treatment regimens. Probiotics are popular with diarrhea sufferers and have been shown to have some efficacy, but further scrutiny is required to determine the magnitude of their effects [4]. The Rota virus vaccination has been said to be included in all national immunization programs, but the major factor associated with adequate home treatment is the mother's knowledge about the cause and treatment of diarrhea [5]. Concisely this study will focus on the mother's perception regarding the treatment of diarrhea and sensitize them about oral hydration therapy. To study mother knowledge regarding home management of diarrheal disease in children under 5 years [6].

Problem Statement
Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood death and the second most death worldwide [2]. Globally in 2010, there were 1.731 billion episodes of diarrhea (36 million of which progressed to severe episodes) in children younger than 5 years. In 2011, 700 000 episodes of diarrhea led to death [2]. Each episode deprives the child of nutrients necessary for growth, thus diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition and malnourished children are more likely to die from diarrhea [6]. According to the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses guidelines, children with some or no dehydration should be managed at home for diarrhea. The WHO plan A [7,8] also encourages mothers and caregivers to treat diarrhea at home by giving ORS and ORT. Thus, it is important to assess their awareness regarding based management of diarrhea at frequent intervals to provide feedback for the ongoing programs.

Justification
Diarrheal disease rank among the top of three causes of child hood illnesses in the developing countries [1]. About one-third of total hospitalization children are due to diarrheal disease and 17% death related to this condition [2]. WHO estimate that diarrhea accounted for 13.1% of deaths among child under five in Sudan in 2009 reported [9]. Mothers are a very important group that can able to save their children's lives, therefore this s study will concern with mother's management of diarrheal diseases.

General Objective
To study mother's knowledge regarding of diarrheal disease

Specific Objectives
To assess mother's knowledge regarding Diarrhea Definition, causes, complication, home management prevention.

Study Design
Descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study aiming to assess mother's knowledge regarding management of diarrhea.

Study Period
The study was carried out during the period which extends from first October 2016-end February 2017.

Study Population
All mothers whom their children under five admitted in diarrheal word.

Sampling/ Sample Size
The current study includes all the mother in pediatric diarrheal word during the period of the study. (120) Data was collected through interview questionnaire by random sample. (total coverage).

Data Analysis
Data was analyzed by using the computerized program        Regarding prevention of diarrhea 74% of the mother they know how to prevent diarrhea, 35% did not know about Rota vaccine, that is same with study done by JAMIUM in Nigeria setting 2012 which found (71%) of the mothers know regarding prevention but did not know about Rota vaccine. Although most of them had poor knowledge regarding diarrhea, most of them understand how to manage diarrhea at home of their children also they didn't know how to prepare ORS and preventing dehydration.

Conclusion
In current study most of the mothers did not know diarrhea and