Exposure To Urban Air Pollution Nanoparticles and CNS Disease Volume 5 - Issue 5

Mojtaba Ehsanifar^1,2*, Seyyed Shahabeddin Banihashemian³ and Farzaneh Farokhmanesh⁴

• ¹Department of environmental health engineering, School of public health, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
• ²Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
• ³AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
• ⁴M.A in Psychology in Clinical psychology at the University of Al-Zahra (SA), Tehran, Iran

Received:June 24, 2021   Published:July 7, 2021

Corresponding author:Mojtaba Ehsanifar, Department of environmental health engineering, School of public health Iran University of medical sciences, Iran

DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2021.05.000223

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Exposure to urban air pollutants has been established as a source of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that causes central nervous system (CNS) disease. Nitrogen oxides, particulate matter (PM), including fine particles (PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5μm, PM 2.5) and ultra-fine particles (UFPs, PM <0.1μm, PM 0.1), transition metals, and ozone are potent or oxidant capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the mechanisms underlying CNS pathology due to air pollution are not well understood, recent findings suggest that changes in the blood brain barrier (BBB) and or leakage and transmission along the olfactory nerve into the olfactory bulb (OB) and microglial activation are the key factors of CNS damage following air pollution exposure. The incidence of stroke and the pathology of Parkinson’s (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with air pollution exposure. Some of the recent research shows that air pollutants reach the brain and in addition to cardiovascular and lung diseases, affect the health of the CNS too. This review cites evidence that exposure to air pollution fine particles is one of the causes of CNS disease.

Keywords: Air pollution exposure; Nanoparticles; Airborne particulate matter; CNS disease

Abstract| Introduction| Conclusion| Acknowledgments| Contributions| References|