Addiction and Evolutionary Process, Common Aspects in Physio-Pathologic Pathways Useful in PharmacoToxicological Approachs

Volume 2 - Issue 3

Luisetto M^1*, Naseer Almukhtar², Ghulam Rasool Mashori³, Behzad Nili Ahmadabadi⁴ and Ram Kumar Sahu⁵

Received: February 12, 2019;   Published: February 22, 2019

DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2019.02.000140

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Abstract

Observing vertebrates evolutionary in mammalian are present characteristic pathways involved in progeny take care in first period after birth. In this behavior and instinct, learning neuronal circuits are evolved and reward mechanism the same. In addiction is possible to observe that definite neuronal circuits plays a crucial role. In this work are showed this similarity to better understand the addiction condition. Reward mechanism (primary, intrinsic or extrinsic) are involved in food, reproductive- sexual activity but also in other human condition. Conditioning, reinforce, reward, learning behavior, depression status, level of motivations is common concept involved also in addiction.

Keywords: Addiction; Toxicology; Physiology; Anatomy; Mammalians; Vertebrates

Abstract| Introduction| Material and Methods| Results| Conclusion| References|