Energy and Water Interdependence and Integration of Systems

Volume 3 - Issue 1

Yousef Najjar*

Received: June 17, 2019;   Published: June 28, 2019

DOI: 10.32474/OAJESS.2019.02.000154

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Abstract

Civilization relies on two basic commodities: water and energy. Potable water is a scarce critical resource. It is the lifeblood for everything living on earth Water and energy very much rely on each other. Without both of them in ample supply, all else fails. Water is considered as a very important part of energy generation and development. There are many utilizations for water such as using it directly in hydroelectric power generation, and it used also in cooling thermal power plant plus controlling the air emissions. One more utilization of water is in extracting, refining and processing energy resources. There are a new technology needed to make the energy and water more useful in permanent future because the problems of supplying water are not serious only for the arid regions but have become a global issue.

Keywords: Energy; Water; Distribution; Water Consumption; Extracted Water; Desalination; Water Treatment; Energy Resource Extraction

Abbreviations: CO: Carbon Monoxide; CO² : Carbon Dioxide; CSP: Concentrated Solar Power; ED: Electro-dialysis; EDR: Electrodialysis Reversal; EIA: Energy Information Administration; EOR: Enhance Oil Recovery; GE: Geothermal Energy; HF: Hydraulic fracturing; MED: Multi-effect distillation; MSF: Multi-stage flash; MVC: Mechanical vapor compression; NO² : Nitrous Oxide; PP: Power Plant; PV: Solar Photovoltaic; PW: Produced Water; PWI: Produced Water Intensity; RE: Renewable Energy; RO: Reverse Osmosis; SE: Solar Energy; SO² : Sulfur Dioxide; TDS: Total Dissolved Solids; TVS: Thermo Vapor Compression; VC: Vapor Compression; WOR: Water to Oil Ratio; WUI: Water Use Intensity

Abstract| Introduction| Water Consumption in Energy Resource Extraction| Water Extraction| Desalination| Research Directions| Research Should Covers Three Main Areas| Reducing Fresh Water Use| Developing Materials and Water Treatment Approaches| Conclusion| References|