Name of drugs are analyzed in the represented article “Kutadgu bilig”. Lexical units of medical concepts are widely investigated
by the works of Yusuf Khos Khojib including human body part, health, temper, and eating habits. The importance of medical terms,
and medical viewpoints are enlightened of our nowadays medicine.
Keywords: Uragun (Bitter Medicine); Tarangbin (Aphids on leaves, used as a laxative drug); Ma’jun (opium, ointment as a
combination of Drugs); Ötrüm (Dehydration which was used for cleaning body); Şalısa ( a universal drug); Taryaq (complicated
drug against poison); Ukit (a different mixture medicine with saffron)
The indication includes a variety of drug names and information
about how to use them for diseases. Used drug terms and names
for the development of pharmacy, and types of drugs provides
information on the methods of treatment.
Urağun: bitter drug, poison: Beδük bir biçäkig Elikdä tutar
Solındın urağun oŋındın şäkär. “Holding a big knife, on the left
side – similar drugs, on the right side sugar syrup” (757-couplet).
“In the ancient Turkic language,” the word urağun meant one of
the bitter liquid of Indian oldest drugs (DTС, 614). R.Arat gives
his opinion about this medicine “Hindistandan gelen bir ilâç” [1].
As mentioned in couplet if oppressed or violated man could find
justice from the ruler he could be treated with syrup. In contrast
violent and oppressor and unfair man were forced to drink from
poison. By the justification of the ruler oppressors were suffering
of drinking uragun (poison). The word uragun was mentioned
above was used in figurative sense, the citizens of Kuntugdi based
on the ideas of justice and to show that the evil of oppressors are
sentenced to achieve for the justification.
Ötrüm: dehydration which was used for cleaning body. In the
indication is noted that when Oytoldi was ill doctors advised her
to take out some of her blood. Mean while, she was advised by
other doctors to take ötrüm: Qayu aydı ötrüm içürgü keräk. Özin
qatmış emdi boşutğu keräk . “Some of them told: to take drug for
dehydration as cannot digest, intestines must be softened”(1045-
couplet). In “Ancient Turkish Dictionary” ötrüm meant weakening
(DLT,393). The words şalısa, taryaq also represents the notion of
drugs for the treatment of a patient: Keräk qat şalısa
a) keräk taryaq et
b) Keräk mitridus qat ya çurnı ögüt.
c) şalısa – is a universal drug [2].
d) taryaq - is complicated drug against poison [3].
Used words in the couple mitridus, çurnı, ögüt also stands for
medicine names. Mitridus– is one of the complicated drug and was
named after the inventor’s name [4]. This formed the basis of the
goals of medical terminology by metonymy, has related to noun.
“Ancient Turkic Dictionary” mitridus” was described as “ names of
medicinal drug” (DTS-338).
Ukit means “is a different mixture medicine with saffron”
Güvariş ,ma’cun, çurnı are the names of herbal drugs. Güvariş–
is for digesting. In “Ancient Turkish Dictionary” was described
as “digestion, the wine-holder holds different herbs, adding for
digestion, for fixing and [as] a laxative “(DTS, 195). R.Arat güvariş
“hazma yardımı olan şeyler” [5]. Ma’jun – consists of a mixture of
opium drugs . The word ma’jun was taken from Arabic word (drug
mixture– DTS,339); kuvvet iâçi. Çurnı – drug for dieahree, and
was used by Turks (medicinal powder, laxative– DTS,157). Qamuğ
türlüg otlar iδişçi tutar Güvariş ya ma’cun ya çurnı Qatar “All kinds
of drugs are kept by pharmacologist, and mixes either ma’jun or
çurnı” (2448-couplet). Teräŋbin means“weakening, cleaning drug”:
a) Sarığı küçänmiş bolur ay bögü
b) Özini boşutğu teräŋbin yegü
c) Teräŋbin - is a liquid which appears on the leaf, which is used
for dehydration.
Names of the drugs and the ways of treatment and also
information of drug instructions are given.