Basic Understanding Anticipation Gene, Lead to Manifestation Oral Disease: A Review Article. Volume 4 - Issue 4

Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur¹*, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur², Soesilaningtyas³, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur⁴, Mega Kahdina4 and Hernalia Martadila Putri⁴

• ¹Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
• ²Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
• ³Department of Dental Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes, Surabaya, Indonesia
• ⁴Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Received: February 12, 2021   Published: February 16, 2021

Corresponding author: Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur, Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI: 10.32474/MADOHC.2021.04.000193

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Abstract

Introduction: Anticipation of genes in genetics is a phenomenon that genetic disorders are passed from one generation to the next. The symptoms of this genetic disorder become clearer with early age with each generation. In many cases, the increase in symptom severity also occurs in later generations. Gene anticipation is common in diseases with trinucleotide repetition disorders, such as Huntington’s disease and myotonic dystrophy. This disease occurs quite dynamic mutase in DNA. All of these diseases also have neurological symptoms. Anticipation of genes is still debated, including biological phenomena or earlier diagnosis related to increased awareness of disease symptoms in the family. There are two disease manifestation related oral disease, such as hutington and bechet disease. This article aims to review basic understanding anticipation gene, lead to manifestation oral disease.
Discussion: Genetic anticipation is the phenomenon of an earlier age of onset or an increase in the severity of the clinical picture of genetic disorders as they are passed on to the next generation. The molecular mechanisms underlying anticipation are largely unknown but are typically associated with repeated trinucleotide expansions in several genetic diseases. In cancer, genetic anticipation has previously been described in several hereditary cancer syndromes, such as Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), leukemia, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome and also in breast and ovarian cancer. Evidence suggests that short telomeres and subsequent genomic instability contribute to the anticipation of malignant transformation genes. Telomere shortening has been described as a genetic anticipatory mechanism in congenital dyskeratosis and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Women who carry mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, and part of the BRCAX family, are characterized by short telomeres. In this case, genetic anticipation, successive cancer baseline age, in this family was associated with a decrease in telomere length in the affected girls compared to their mothers.
Conclusion: Huntington’s disease shows anticipation and expansion of repeated CAG trips. All repeat triplets in genetic diseases identified to date show anticipation. Several other diseases also show anticipation including spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, bipolar affective disorder, Bechet’s syndrome and spastic heratitis paraparesis (Strumpell’s disease).

Keywords: Anticipation Gene; Mutation; Oral disease; Bechet; Hutington

Abstract| Introduction| Discussion| Mechanism Anticipation Gene| Expansion (Repetition) and Deletion in Anticipation of Genes| Anticipation Gene Related to Oral Disease| Conclusion| References|