Evaluation on Trend of Imported Rennet and Dairy Machinery to Ethiopia - A Review Volume 4 - Issue 2

Almaz Genene*, Kayo Garamu and Ararsa Gutema

• Milk and Milk Product Research Processing Industry Development Directorate, Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Industry Development Institute, Ethiopia

Received: October 13, 2020;   Published: November 06, 2020

Corresponding author: Almaz Genene, Milk and Milk Product Research Processing Industry Development Directorate, Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Industry Development Institute, Bishoftu, Ethiopia

DOI: 10.32474/CDVS.2020.04.000182

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Abstract

The current work summarizes the trends of imported rennet and dairy machinery as the Dairy sector is where the concept of value addition has been successfully adopted along the supply chain and results benefits value chain actors. Rennet is crucial input for dairy industry especial for cheese production and as it is a proteolytic enzyme main contains pepsin and chymosin extracted from animals and microbiological sources especially from suckling forth stomach of calf and other ruminant mammals. As cheese production grows the demand of the general all milk coagulating enzymes also increasing. The global coagulating enzymes market is segmented by based on nature of product that is either source of origin or form. In Ethiopia, the dairy industries use imported commercial rennet for cheese production since there is no industry that can produces rennet in the country and the industries use different dairy machinery imported for processing. Ethiopia imported about 10,226.23 kg in net weight rennet for the last ten-year 2007 to 2016. To import this volume the country had spent 1,843,749.09 Ethiopian Birr or 107,007.6597 Dollar of United States of America. Similarly, within the same last ten years Ethiopia imported dairy machinery in net weight around 337,119 Kg from different 22 countries and to import this volume the country had spent 110,340,118 Ethiopian Birr.

Keywords: Rennet; Dairy Machinery; volume; value

Introduction

Large and diverse livestock genetic resources, increasing domestic demand for milk and milk products, higher market opportunity and proximity to international markets indicate the potential and opportunities for dairy development [1]. Faster increases in population and urbanization lead to growing demand for dairy products [2,3]. While having promising policy and institutions encourage investments in the dairy sector [4]. In Ethiopian, the type of milk and dairy products that mostly know include whole liquid milk and traditional fermented dairy products (butter, ghee, ergo, ayib, metata ayib, ititu, butter milk etc. [5]. However, as reported on [6] a wider variety of domestic dairy products including yogurt, fruit flavored yogurt, UHT milk, ice cream, cultured milk, and cheeses such as mozzarella, provolone, and Gouda. This indicates that milk processing is both cottage and industrial processing type [7]. Dairy sector is one of the few sectors where the concept of value addition has been successfully adopted along the supply chain and results benefits directly to households and in directly for suppliers of farm input, dairy equipment, dairy ingredients, raw milk traders, milk transporters, milk processors and distributors [4].
Rennet is crucial input for dairy industry for cheese production and it is a proteolytic enzyme mainly contains pepsin and chymosin extracted from animals and microbiological sources especial from suckling forth stomach of calf and other ruminant mammals [8]. Milk-clotting enzyme is the first active agent in cheese making and an essential ingredient for the production of various cheese types [9]. Since coagulant directly reacts with casein that constitutes the main component to produce cheese by cleaving Phenylalanine105– Methionine106 bond of k-casein (kappa-casein) of casein [10-12]. As cheese production grows the demand of the enzyme rennet or in general all milk coagulating enzymes also increasing this is why rennet is main ingredient for cheese making [13]. The global rennet market is segmented by based on nature of product that either source of origin or form. Due that the market is grouped based on origin into animal-derived rennet, microbial rennet, FPCFermentation Produced Chymosin rennet and vegetable rennet. Dairy processing industry transforms raw milk into finished products like fluid milks, creams, yogurt, fermented milk products, butter, ice cream, cheese and ingredients further processed in the form of concentrated or dried milk ingredients [14]. In Ethiopia, the local industries use imported commercial rennet for cheese production since there is no industry that can produces rennet in the country and the industries use different dairy machinery imported for processing. Therefore, the main objective the current work is to review available information on the amount of imported and value spent to import rennet enzyme and Dairy Machinery that can provide for further intervention work.

Volume and value of imported rennet

Ethiopia imported about 10,226.23 kg in net weight rennet for the last ten-year 2007 to 2016. From which the heights volume is 2,628 kg in 2014 followed by 2,042 kg in 2013, 1978 kg in 2010, 1,024.12 kg in 2,015,614 kg in 2007, 552 kg in 2,011, 521 kg in 2008 respectively, from which the lowest volume is 97 kg in 2009 followed by the second lowest 336.64 kg by the year 2016 (Figure 1). To import this volume the country had spent 1,843,749.09 ETB /Ethiopian birr/ or 107,007.6597 USD (Dollar of United States of America) in the past ten years from 2007 to 2016 (Figure 2). This indicates that on average the country has spent 18, 4374.9 ETB or 10,700.77 USD to import 1,022.623 kg rennet on average for the last past ten concoctive years (2007-2016).

Country of origin of imported rennet to Ethiopia

The major manufacturers of rennet across the global market are WalcoRen, Vahgan EV. Tigra Co Ltd, Iran Industrial Enzyme Co, Bioactive Yeast Co., Ltd. (Tailong Food), Yangzhou Chemical Co. Ltd, Scientific and Technological Bio resource Nucleus, Chr. Hansen Holding A/S, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Finest Kind, Sudarshan Biotech Ltd, RENCO New Zealand, MAYASAN Food Industries A.S [15]. The imported rennet to Ethiopia was products of different counties which were around ten including China, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Netherland, France, Denmark, Italy, India, Egypt, United Kingdom and South Africa. The highest market share of rennet was products of china which was about 3,028 kg and 29.49 % of the total volume within ten years (2007-2016). The second volume was products of Belgium which was about 2,363 kg or 23.02% of the total volume while the lowest volume was from South Africa 5 kg which was 0.05% of total imported volume within the last ten years (Table 1).

Import of dairy machinery to Ethiopia

Dairy processing equipment includes machinery like pasteurizer, homogenizers, mixing & blending equipment, membrane filtration, separation, and evaporators & dryers used in production of yogurt, cheese, powdered milk, pasteurized milk, protein concentrates and cream. Growth of global milk consumption & production rate attended with increase in automation process for manufacturing is expected to motivate global dairy processing equipment industry growth [16]. As data show for the last past years 2007- 2016 Ethiopia had imported around 33,7119 Kg dairy machinery in net weight from different 22 countries (Figure 3 & Table 2 ) to import this volume the country had spent 110,340,118 Ethiopian birr (Figure 4). As indicated in Figure 4 the value of imported Dairy machinery for the years 2007,2008, 2009,2010, 2011,2012, 2013, 2014,2015,2016 was 704313,2686356, 2315101, 8645468, 12222359, 44474928, 5778930, 2632317, 11930647 and 18949700 ETB respectively. Implementation of energy-efficient technologies, shifting in consumer need, technological innovations utilize new ideas, technology and scientific concepts were factors for the introduction of new dairy products that intern forces the dairy equipment manufacturers to introduce newer equipment and technologies for dairy processors [17].

Country of origin of imported dairy machinery to Ethiopia

Ethiopia had imported Dairy machinery in last ten years (2007- 2016) from different 22 countries from which the highest share was products of India that was about 101,558.46 kg net weight that caver 30.13 % of total import of 337119.98 kg which was followed by products of Italy 101,158.44 kg net weight or 30% of total import, Bulgaria 45,276.5 kg or 13.43%, China 22,288.25 kg, Netherlands 20,969.03 kg with ranks respectively (Table 2). On the other hand, the lowest volume import was original product of Belgium which was 6 kg net weight.

Conclusion and Recommendations

In general, as the current data shows Ethiopia had imported 10226.23 kg of rennet in net weight within the last ten years 2007 to 2016 and had spent 1,843,749.09 ETB or 107,007.6597 USD to import this volume. The products origin were ten different counties, China, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Netherland, France, Denmark, Italy, India, Egypt, United Kingdom and South Africa. Similarly, Ethiopia had imported around 33, 7119 Kg dairy machinery in net weight from 22 countries and had spent 110,340,118 Ethiopian birr to import this volume Dairy Machinery for the last ten years from 2007 to 2016. Finally, the trend of imported rennet and dairy machinery shows up and down condition. This need further study in relation to development of cheese production by local industry and trends of cheese importation from other country to the volume of imported enzyme rennet and other form of milk coagulant utilizations. Therefore,

a) Ethiopia should invest on commercial coagulant enzymes producing industry development to save the foreign currency that is spent to import this product.
b) Ethiopia shall invest on general dairy machineries and equipment industry to produce and save the foreign currency. This is not only saving it can be future income generation by exporting the product to other countries in the long run.
c) Research, Development, and Innovation work should have to undergone by concerned stockholders and institutions focusing on product development, on milk coagulants enzymes as import substitution.

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Industry Development Institute and staff of dairy department.

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