Alzheimer’s disease is a disease that is associated with an
increase in beta-amyloid peptide that accumulates in amyloid
plaques found in multiple areas of the brain, such as the cerebral
cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum.
One of the major genetic risks for the development of this disease
is associated with the malfunction of Apoliprotein E (Apo-E), a
protein whose performance ultimately causes the degradation of
Beta amyloid. This neurodegenerative disease is an increasingly
common problem due to the increasing aging of the world population
and estimates are tripling by 2050 the number of people with
Alzheimer’s in the world. Treatment-approved drugs only alleviate
symptoms that worsen with evolution and no effective treatment
is currently found [1-3]. The drug exendin-4 (exenatide) used to
treat type 2 diabetes has shown decreased levels of hippocampal
IRS-1 (IRS-1pSer) serine phosphorylation and activated JNK
(c-Jun N-terminal kinases) resulting in a protective effect on
mouse neurons reversing brain damage and improving cognitive
behavioral measures. The drug bexarotene used to treat skin cancer
reduced the beta-amyloid protein plaque area in the mice brain by
more than 50% within 72 hours and stimulated the rapid reversal
of cognitive, social and olfactory deficits and improved the function
of the mouse. neural circuit, besides stimulating the production of
APO-E that was able to dissolve the plaques that carry the symptoms
of the disease. A study of ouabain hormone used in the treatment
of cardiovascular disease has shown a protective effect on mouse
neurons suggesting a new possibility to develop drugs that block
the processes linked to neuronal death. Thus we can conclude that
the efficacy of these drugs must first be confirmed in human studies
since mouse tests often do not repeat in humans.
Theresa R Bomfim, Leticia Forny Germano, Luciana B Sathler, Jordano
Brito Moreira, Jean Christophe Houzel, et al. (2012) An anti-diabetes
agent protects the mouse brain from defective insulin signaling caused
by Alzheimer’s disease– associated Aβ oligomers. The Journal of Clinical
Investigation 122(4): 1339-1353.