Graded Phenomenon (Yasser’s Phenomenon); A Novel Electrocardiographic Phenomenon Change the Arrhythmia Directory; Retrospective-Observational Study Volume 3 - Issue 1

Yasser Mohammed Hassanain Elsayed*

• Critical Care Unit, Fraskour Central Hospital, Damietta Health Affairs, Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH), Damietta, Egypt

Received: March 10, 2020;  Published: April 24, 2020

Corresponding author: Yasser Mohammed Hassanain Elsayed, Critical Care Unit, Fraskour Central Hospital, Damietta Health Affairs, Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH), Damietta, Egypt

DOI: 10.32474/GJAPM.2020.03.000155

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Abstract

Background: Arrhythmias are one of the most serious disorders in cardiovascular and clinical medicine. Understanding the pathogenesis and mechanisms of arrhythmias is very advantageous to the appropriate management and treatment of all arrhythmia types. The “Graded phenomenon” is a novel directory phenomenon for understanding the arrhythmia. The principal of “Graded phenomenon” is based on catching the graded changes in serial ECG tracings or even single one regarding the arrhythmias.

Method of study and patients: My case study was an observational retrospective for a 30 case report series. The study was conducted in both Fraskour Central Hospital (Intensive Care Unit, and emergency room) and Physician Outpatient Clinic. The author reported the 30-cases thorough nearly 4 years, started from Jan 13, 2016, and, ended on February 9, 2020.

Results: The age mean is 58.3 years with male sex predominance (56.67%). The changes in graded phenomenon are classified into: Up-grading; 20%, down-graded; 10%, changed to NSR; 43.33%, changed to AF; 3.33%, changed to sinus tachycardia; 3.33%, therapeutic reversal; 3.33%, fixed –change; 10%, and variable change; 6.67%. The risk in the graded phenomenon is either high (40%), non-risk (43.33%), or still-risk (16.67%). The course in the graded phenomenon is either progressive (43.33%), regressive; 10%, intermittent; 6.67%, constant; 16.67%, transient; 20%, and non-fixed variation; 3.33%.

Conclusion: Graded phenomenon (Yasser’s phenomenon) is a novel electrocardiographic phenomenon change the arrhythmia directory. It is a crucial step for understanding arrhythmia. The phenomenon is a new strong guide for monitoring and follows up arrhythmic patients in cardiovascular patients.

Keywords: Graded phenomenon; Yasser’s phenomenon; A novel Electrocardiographic Phenomenon; Change the arrhythmia directory

Abbreviations: ABG: Arterial blood gases, AF: Atrial fibrillation, AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; ARVC: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, BSOT: Bidirectional sectors of tachycardia, Congestive heart failure: CHF, CXR: Chest X-ray, ECG: Electrocardiograph, EADs: Early after-depolarizations, ED: Emergency Department, EPS: Electrophysiology studies, HR: Heart rate, HVS: Hyperventilation syndrome, ICU: Intensive care unit, IHD: ischemic heart disease, LVD: Left ventricular dysfunction, LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, NSR Normal sinus rhythm, O2: Oxygen, PE: Pulmonary embolism, POC: Physician outpatient clinic, PVCs: Premature ventricular contractions, PVT: Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, RA: Respiratory alkalosis, RBBB: Right bundle branch block, RBS: Random blood sugar, RR: Respiratory rate, SA Sinus arrhythmia, SAN: Sinus node, SCD: Sudden cardiac deaths, TdP: Torsades de pointes, VF Ventricular fibrillation, VT Ventricular tachycardia

Abstract| Introduction| Methods of Study and Patients| Cases Presentation| Results, Findings, and Discussion| Conclusion and Recommendation| Conflicts of Interest| Acknowledgment| References|