Differential Molecular Investigation Assay of Tumor Nicrosis Factor –Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) among Children Potentially Diagnosed of Falciparum-Malaria of Niger Delta Extract Volume 4 - Issue 2

Azuonwu O*, Wokem GN and Dimkpa FB

• Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Nigeria

Received: December 02, 2019;   Published: December 17, 2019

*Corresponding author: Azuonwu O, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

DOI: 10.32474/LOJMS.2019.04.000181

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Abstract

This cross-sectional study determined absolute parasitaemia and evaluated some inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations in children infected with Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 160 blood samples were randomly and aseptically collected through convenient sampling technique research design and were analysed respectively. The plasma obtained from the blood samples after centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes were subjected to cytokine evaluation analysis using, commercially purchased standard Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit (ELISA) in line with manufactures instructions- (ELISA - Elabscience Biotechnology Inc, USA). Malaria diagnosis and blood parameter assays were carried out using standard diagnostic techniques of haematological and parasitological benchmark standard respectively. However, result from the study showed that children within the age group 9-11 and 6-8 years had the highest and lowest mean parasitaemia levels of 4813.09±1180.05 parasites/µl and 2324.62±546.63 parasites/µl respectively (P=0.048). The mean concentration levels of IL-6, and IL-10 (365.30±40.31 pg/ml, and 318.57±39.29 pg/ml respectively) were significantly higher in children with severe parasitaemia (P=0.0014, and 0.0347 respectively).The mean cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6,and IL-10, were significantly elevated in children with P. falciparum infection when compared to their respective healthy matched controls (P<0.0001). Correlations between plasma levels of IL-6 and P. falciparum parasite density in children showed a relatively strong positive relationship (P<0.0001). Inflammatory cytokines are involved in immunopathogenesis and immunoregulation of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Nonetheless, cytokines as found in this study could be used as a promising evidence based prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for falciparum malaria progression or regression in our health facilities in the region.

Keywords: Inflammatory cytokines; Plasmodium falciparum; Parasitaemia; Malaria; Children; Niger Delta; Biomarker

Abstract| Introduction| Materials and Methods| Statistical Analysis| Results| Discussion| Conclusion| Acknowledgement| Conflict of Interest| References|