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ISSN: 2643-6760

Surgery & Case Studies: Open Access Journal

Review Article(ISSN: 2643-6760)

Laws of Thermodynamics and Health of Man Volume 6 - Issue 2

Apanasenko GL*

  • Department of physical and rehabilitation medicine of the National medical academy of postgraduate education the name of PL Shupik, Kyiv, Ukraine

Received: February 12, 2021   Published: February 24, 2021

Corresponding author: Apanasenko GL Department of physical and rehabilitation medicine of the National medical academy of postgraduate education the name of PL Shupik, Kyiv, Ukraine

DOI: 10.32474/SCSOAJ.2021.06.000231

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Abstract

Worked out the total to long-term research of author. A human organism is examined as an open thermodynamics system. Her stability at influence of unfavourable factors of environment is determined by potential of her energy. The index of this energy is maximal aerobic power (maximal consumption of oxygen). It is an index in the ml/of min/mass of body can be considered quantitative description of somatic health. Having a quantitative index, it is possible to manage a health. The phenomenon of «safe» health level is first described, endogenous risk and disease factors do not register oneself higher than that. Him quantitative description is given to. On leaving of individual from the «safe zone» of health the phenomenon of «self-development» of pathological process is formed. It is necessary in addition to «industry of illness» (establishments of ministry of health) forming of «industry of health», in basis of that maintenance and increase of aerobic power potential of the biosystem at population level.

Keywords: Thermodynamics conception of health; intracellular formation of energy; health level; industry of health; thermodynamics strategy of health protection

Introduction

The greatest problem of modern health protection is chronic non-infectious diseases (CND). In the developed countries they come forward as reason more than in 80% of all cases of death. The stake of deaths is especially high from the diseases of the cardiovascular system, here is a permanent height of this index. The government and international programs (for example, CINDI) did not change a situation. Appeared, that a hope to improve the health of population due to conception of risk factors is illusive, because a fight against them does not diminish the amount of diseased. This conception answers a question “how” does not answer a question “why”. All anymore appears works in that a reasonable doubt speaks out concerning ability of traditional prophylactic approaches to influence on a general death rate [1,2]. Classic endogenous risk factors in several situations can come forward risk indicators, predicting the origin of illness, but their correction improves a prognosis not necessarily. In addition, there is the phenomenon ″of pumping over of death rate″ [1], when the decline of death rate from one disease is accompanied by the increase of death rate from other, not giving a result from the point of view of increase of lifespan [3]. In an order to estimate evidentialness of statement, in accordance with that the multivariable prophylaxis of is hemic heart disease (IHD), sent to the correction of traditional risk factors, provides the decline of general death rate, I. Gundarov and other [1] undertook a fundamental study, that an analysis of efficiency of the known prophylactic programs is the basis of from the point of view of evidential medicine. As material the results of the large multivariable programs making ″the gold″ fund of epidemiology of un infectious diseases and medical prophylaxis are used. The conducted analysis showed that from 23 programs only in one a general death rate diminished, in three increased, in other the distinction appeared unreliable. The same a null hypothesis about ability of traditional multivariable prophylaxis of IHD to influence on a general death rate was not confirmed. It is necessary to underline that a death rate did not diminish even at the expressed decline of endogenous risk factors. It suggests an idea, that they really are risk indicators helping to forecast an unfavourable situation, however their minimization (removal) improves a prognosis. The participants of the prophylactic programs establish: «Research of multivariable primary prophylaxis on the decline of cardiovascular diseases generated disappointing results … distinctions of general and coronal death rate between the groups of interference and control appeared reduce » [4]. Drawn conclusion about prematurity of distribution of this approach on a practical health protection [5]. To the analogical conclusion researchers came at the analysis of the later multivariable prophylactic programs, published in «bible» of evidential medicine - Cochrane review [6]. Validity of fear is confirmed by the height of death rate shown in several the considered projects on the start of prophylaxis, that means an increase in the groups of interference of number of the lost years of life. Absence of convincing proofs of efficiency of the programs of multivariable prophylaxis of IHD in regard to the decline of cardiovascular and general death rate puts on an order-paper the question of changing of existent paradigm of medical prophylaxis and development of the new going near forming of healthy way of life and strengthening of health of population. Development of innovative organizationally functional model of warning of surplus death rate is required from non-infectious diseases, strategy of individual mass prophylaxis, being based on principles of measuring of backlogs of health of man, can be fixed in basis of that [7,8].

Theoretical bases

Nothing in the world takes place without the expenses of energy. It touches and life as process [9,10]. And then more energy potential of the biosystem, she steadier to external and internal influences [7,9]. Formation of energy in the living system is a process of transformation of sunny energy in other types of energy. An eventual link of formation of energy in the living system and her accumulator are mitochondria’s. Efficiency of their activity at organism level shows up in maximal possibilities of aerobic energy (maximal consumption of oxygen - МCO, ml/min/kg). Thus, viability of the biosystem is characterized by her energy potential that can be identified with a somatic health level measured [11]. And it means that it is possible to manage (to control, save, restore, strengthen) viability by a health. In the process of evolution there is perfection of efficiency of the intracellular breathing [12], i.e., Exists for form’s sake Homo Sapiens the evolutional conditioned threshold that we named a «safe» health level (SHL) and gave quantitative description to him [13,11]. Higher SHL (12 МЕТ for men and 10 МЕТ for women) register oneself neither endogenous risk of chronic infectious diseases (cardiovascular, malignant, endocrine and other) factors nor diseases. At influence of negative factors of environment, unhealthy way of life, aging, etc. there is a decline of efficiency of intracellular form energy. In accordance with thermodynamics conception of health and prophylaxis [13] the exit of efficiency of intracellular form energy outside SHL is accompanied by the phenomenon of «self-development» of pathological process and is primary cause of epidemic of SND (a decline of energy potential is a height of entropy - chaos of functions -pathology). At distribution of similar changes in the scale of population, except development of epidemic of SND, an aging rate is accelerated, a reproductive function suffers, the physical and i psychophysical internals of and other go down, i.e., the phenomenon of biological degradation of Homo Sapiens is formed [14]. First reaction of organism on a defect ATP in cages is an increase of arteriotomy [15]. Thus, fight against endogenous risk of development of SND factors without the increase of energy potential of the biosystem to the level conditioned by an evolution (SHL), - ineffective. Research of Myers J [16] confirmed the data that sub-zero indexes of aerobic capacity are more powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and general death rate, what other cardiovascular risk factors, such as a hyperpiesis, smoking, lipidaemia and diabetes mellitus. An Aspenes S AO [17] in research of the healthy Norwegian population confirmed the data about the presence of SHL, showing that every decline of МCOon 5 mls/mines/kg below SHL increases the risk of development of cardiovascular pathology on 56%. To the present tense metanalysis of publications appeared on this issue, that confirms the indicated conformities to law [18]. We will bring also the most complete and evidential research over of the American scientists from Medical Center of veterans in Washington. They from 1986 to 2008 watched5314 veterans of war of the USA (P. Kokkinos, J. Mayers A.O.). Appeared, that every increase of maximal aerobic ability on 1 МЕТ reduced the risk of death on 13%. F. Booth AO [19] generalized these data and presented them as a chart. Pays attention on itself catastrophic height of death rate since maximal aerobic power in 10-12 МЕТ (35-42 mls/of kg/of min). Using the materials of population research of maximal aerobic ability, got in different years, it is possible to mark important conformity to law, touching biological nature of modern man: for the last 60-70 years the population level of maximal aerobic ability substantially went down and, on the average, goes out outside the «safe zone» of somatic health (Figure 1). Coming from foregoing, there are all grounds to suppose that herein and direct reason of epidemic of chronic noninfectious diseases, staggering the industrially developed countries from the second half of the XX century, consists. Thus, morbidity and death rate of modern population are conditioned, mainly, by the decline of energy potential of the biosystem (health level), and SND - only investigation of this process.

Figure 1: Dynamics of indexes of МСО on the ten-years periods of life in the population of men of the USA from 1939 to 1968 (Andersen KL, AO, 1978). «БУЗ» - is a «safe health level».

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Figure 2: Risk of death for the veterans of war of the USA depending on МСО [20].

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Nobody of drivers will search direct reason of failures inprocess car if an accumulator is discharged. And doctors search the hidden reasons of illness until now. Although here they - lie on a surface: mitochondria, i.e., intracellular accumulators, is discharged. Despite all complication of organization living there are three major components of the living system (cages), providing life: accumulator of energy, delivery of high quality substrate and oxidant system for his incineration, and system of selection of exhaust foods to the vital functions. And all this is managed by a complex regulative center being, in turn, from the nervous system, system of the endocrine adjusting and immunity. If function of these all the tools living will be accordingly provided, the system will exist infinitely long. Apocentric strategy of health protection consists here in. Path centric strategy of health protection is realized in practice of health protection, in the spotlight of that pathological process [20]. To expect the substantial strengthening of health of population at financing mainly of sphere of curatively diagnostic help senselessly. (To hope on it - however, that to expect the decline of criminality at a fight against her in prisons). Patho centric strategy is fraught the crisis of health protection because new technologies of diagnostics and treatment with every year become all more expensive and already inaccessible to the ordinary patient (Figure 2). In respect of the sanitary-hygienic providing, then it shows by itself, in fact, passive way of warning of pathology, and does not relate to strengthening of the open thermodynamics system, which an organism of man is.

Ways of decision of problem

Substitution of concepts a «health» and «illness» at the level of state and territorial administration result in the acceptance of wrong administrative decisions: we talk about a health - we imply illnesses. An innovation allowing during the nearest years to provide reproduction and forming of new high quality of human capital is creation of the «industry of health» (in addition to existent «industry of illness»- establishments of Ministry of health), builton sanogenetic conception. At the investment of facilities in a health practically healthy man the necessity of financing of problems of sick people will diminish appropriately. Presently independently without participation of the state industry of health is formed as centers of fitness, shaping, health centers of and other. But they are created without a due scientifically technological ground, approach of the systems, professional and application of management technologies by a health. We are given definition of category «individual health» with the use of operational criteria (id Est such that can be reproduced identified) and a case frame is created by the health of man [11]. Health it is ephemeral not «wellbeing », as WHO asserts, but ability of individual to carry out the biological (survival and reproduction) and social functions. Only at joint determination of indexes of health and illness and their comparison it is possible to talk about the prognosis of the state of health of concrete man and present for him diseases and determine correct strategy and tactics of making healthy and treatment. Making healthy must come true constantly, and treatment - if necessary. In connection with the stated, management by vital functions and health of man must come true by a management by energy potential of the biosystem – physical activity (perfection of function of mitochondria’s), feed (i.e., by the consumption of energy, information and substance), optimization of internal environment of organism (leading out of foods of exchange), by a recreation, preparation to realization of reproductive function of and other. Orientation on treatment of patients, but not on maintenance and strengthening of health resulted in that now there are hundreds of specialities and specializations on illnesses, and there is not a single scientifically confessed medical speciality, investigating the phenomenon of health. Hygienical science studies influence of factors of environment on morbidity and death rate, and essence and phenomena of health do not investigate. Everybody must save, strengthen and responsible for an own health, health native and near. But for this purpose, he must be well-informed about essence of problem.

Conclusions

Existent conception of prophylaxis of chronic non-infectious diseases as a fight against risk factors cannot be confessed by successful. On changing thermodynamics conception of prophylaxis must come her. A human organism looks like any other mechanism: for his functioning energy is needed. It is well-proven by us, that a level of intracellular formation of energy is, neither endogenous risk factors nor diseases register oneself higher than that. Him quantitative description (12 МЕТ for men and 10 МЕТ for women is a «safe health level») is given to. On leaving the phenomenon of «self-development» of pathological process shows up from the «safe zone» of health. It is necessity in addition to «industry of illness» (curative establishments) forming of «industry of health», in basis of that maintenance and increase of aerobic power potential of the biosystem at population level. We see also large prospects in the use of our conception in-process insurance companies.

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