Could Hormonal Contraception Affect Mineral Bone Density in Women?

Volume 2 - Issue 4

Pilnik Susana¹*, Belardo, Maria Alejandra² and González Yamil Aura María³

Received: August 08, 2019;   Published: August 14, 2019

DOI: 10.32474/OAJRSD.2019.02.000144

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Abstract

Hormonal contraception represents the main form of contraception worldwide. During the different stages of life, estrogens fulfill a fundamental function for the acquisition of peak bone mass in adolescence and the maintenance of mineral density in adult life. In general, combined hormonal contraceptives induce a reduction in estrogen and serum progesterone, this effect, being dose dependent. During adolescence, low dose oral contraceptives are associated with lower bone gain and decrease in bone formation markers. In perimenopause where hormonal fluctuation negatively impacts the bone, the 20μg dose of ethinylestradiol has been beneficial in preventing bone loss. The use of DMPA is associated with a decrease in bone mineral density, although it is reversible after discontinuation of its use. In conclusion, the contraceptive choice, the stages of the user’s life and the individual´s bone risk factors must be taken into account.

Keywords: Bone Mineral Density; Hormonal Contraceptive; Adolescence; Menopause

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