Patients with renal disease can present with acute renal failure (RF), chronic RF, and end-stage renal disease. Specific
otolaryngologic disorders can associate the underlying etiology of acute renal diseases such as infections and autoimmune
diseases or its drug therapy. Moreover, chronic RF is associated with hypertension, uremia, renal osteodystrophy and platelets
dysfunction. Renal replacement therapy has inherent risk of anticoagulation with hemodialysis and immunosuppression with
kidney transplantation.
Keywords: Autoimmune Disease; ENT; Drug Side Effect; Renal Failure