Evaluation of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Using a Smartphone-Based Sonographic Measuring System

Viola Bantle^1,2*, Andreas Alk^1,3, Tobias Martin^1,3, Rui Wang^1,4 and Josef Kozak^1,3

Received: July 30, 2018;   Published: August 07, 2018

DOI: 10.32474/OSMOAJ.2018.01.000121

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Abstract

For evaluation of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) the mediolateral distance between tibial tuberosity and trochlea groove (TT-TG) is considered the gold standard. In this paper the measurement of TT-TG using tomographic or radiological section images is replaced by a smartphone-based sonographic measuring system. Sonography offers not only imaging but also a measuring method to allow with the so- called Triple Landmark application for measuring TT-TG with a smartphone as mobile localizer. In addition, diagnosis is supported by acquisition of two more parameters: the mediolateral distance between inter condylar notch and tibial tuberosity (TT-IN) as well as the offset from trochlea groove to intercondylar notch (IN- TG). The system provides three guideline values to be an adequate replacement for the conventional measurement of TT-TG. Following a feasibility study of the application, TT-TG in range of 13.1 ± 4.2 mm (male)/14.8 ± 3.4 mm (female) was measured. Findings correspond to postulated values of the gold standard. TT-IN is 14.4 ± 4.1mm (male)/ 13.6 ± 4.0 mm (female). In both cases, a significant sex-specific difference is not remarkable. Furthermore, scattering of TT-IN within the five repeated measurements on a subject is higher than scattering of TT-TG.

Keywords: Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlea Groove Distance; Navigated Ultrasound; Smart Devices; Patellofem- Oral Pain Syndrome; Knee Joint

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