Drug Targets and its Delivery in Glaucoma -Current Trend and Future Prospects

Volume 1 - Issue 1

Rahul Rama Hegde*

Received: January 16, 2018;   Published: January 29, 2018

DOI: 10.32474/TOOAJ.2018.01.000102

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Abstract

Topical route of drug delivery always remained a route of choice for delivering all glaucoma [1] medications rather than systemic route. Upon topical instillation drug reaches interior tissues of eye mainly through corneal route and route and therefore epithelial and stromal layer of the cornea act as barrier to transcorneal permeability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs respectively. Transcellular and Para cellular pathways are the two major corneal transportation routes for the topically applied drugs. Lipophillic drugs cross the cornea through transcellular pathway while the hydrophilic drugs cross through para cellular pathway. For treatment of glaucoma effective drugs are present mainly beta blockers, cholinergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, adrenergic agonists and prostaglandin derivatives but lack effective delivery system to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. Currently available drugs for ocular conditions need to be administered two or more i.e. multiple times a day, as well the poor patient adherence makes the treatment less clinically effective. Studies suggest that <1% of topically administered drug reaches aqueous humor. Up to 80% of systemic absorption of drug occurs followed by topical administration of eye drop causing systemic side effects.

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