Chemical Reactions in Pozzolanic Concrete
Volume 1 - Issue 4
Ash Ahmed1*, John Kamau2, Jonida Pone1, Fraser Hyndman1 and Heni Fitriani3
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- 1Leeds Beckett University, UK
- 2Naylor Concrete Products, UK
- 3University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia
*Corresponding author:
Ash Ahmed, Reader (Associate Professor) Civil Engineering Group, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Received: May 31, 2019; Published: June 10, 2019
DOI: 10.32474/MAMS.2018.01.000120
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Abstract
Cement is the most utilized construction material, and the second most consumed commodity in the world after water. Its
demand has soared proportionately with the exponential rise in population in a bid to match the required development. The heavily
energy-intensive processes that are involved in its production contribute to about 7 to 10 per cent (%) of the total global emissions,
with potentially adverse environmental implications, and are also economically expensive. These processes, and generally those
of the production of concrete consume heavily on natural resources such as sand, gravel, water, coal and crushed rock, mining of
which mars the environment. It is however possible, that energy and cost efficiency can be achieved by reducing on the amount
of clinker, and in its place utilizing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) or pozzolans that require less process heating
and emit fewer levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). This paper elaborates on the different types of chemical reactions taking place in
concrete containing pozzolans as a partial cement replacement. A pozzolanic material relies on the secondary reaction following the
hydration of cement, whereby it reacts with the free calcium hydroxide to form the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) phase which
is the major contributor to strength in concrete; as a result there is usually long term strength development up to and beyond 91
days in pozzolanic concrete. Due to the depleted levels of calcium hydroxide, pozzolanic concrete impart superior sulfate resistance.
Keywords: Hydration of cement; Pozzolans; Pozzolanic reaction
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Components of Concrete Mix|
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