Content of Eleven Trace Elements in Thyroid Malignant Nodules and Thyroid Tissue adjacent to Nodules Volume 5 - Issue 1

Vladimir Zaichick*

• Radionuclide Diagnostics Department, Medical Radiological Research Centre, Russia

Received:January 13, 2021Published: January 20, 2021

Corresponding author: Radionuclide Diagnostics Department, Medical Radiological Research Centre, Russia

DOI: 10.32474/IGWHC.2021.05.000204

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Abstract

Background: Thyroid malignant nodules (TMNs) are the most common endocrine cancer and the fifth most frequently occurring type of malignancies. Women are at particular risk for this thyroid disease The etiology and pathogenesis of TMNs must be considered as multifactorial. The present study was performed to clarify the role of some trace elements (TEs) in the etiology of these thyroid disorders.
Methods: Thyroid tissue levels of silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sb), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were prospectively evaluated in malignant tumor and thyroid tissue adjacent to tumor of 41 patients with TMNs. Measurements were performed using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for TEs analysis. Results of the study were additionally compared with previously obtained data for the same TEs in “normal” thyroid tissue.
Results: It was observed that in malignant tissue the mass fraction of I was 25.6 times lower, whereas mass fractions of Ag, Co, Cr, Hg, and Rb were approximately 13, 1.4, 1.6, 20 and 1.7 times, respectively, higher than in normal tissues of the thyroid. In a general sense Cr, Fe, Sb, Sc, and Zn contents found in the “normal” and “adjacent” groups of thyroid tissue samples were similar. However, in the “adjacent” group mean mass fractions of Ag, Co, Hg, I, Rb, and Se were approximately 33, 1.8, 52, 1.7, 2.6, and 1.3 times, respectively, higher, than in the “normal” group. Significant reduced levels of tumor TEs in comparison with thyroid tissue adjacent to tumor were found for Ag, Hg, I, and Se. In malignant tumor Ag, Hg, I, and Se contents were approximately 2.6, 2.6, 43, 1.5, and 1.5 times, respectively, lower than in “adjacent” group of tissue samples.
Conclusions: Thus, from results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the drastically reduced level of I, as well as elevated levels of Ag, Co, Cr, Hg, and Rb in cancerous tissue could possibly be explored for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Keywords: Thyroid; Thyroid malignant nodules; Trace elements; Neutron activation analysis

Abstract| Introduction| Material and Methods| Results| Discussion| Silver| Cobalt| Chromium| Mercury| Iodine| Rubidium| Selinium| Limitations| Conclusion| Acknowledgements| Funding| Conflict of Interest| References|