Effect of Thermal Stress on Dairy Animal
Volume 1 - Issue 1
Ranjan Kumar1*, RK Tiwari1, Brajesh Shahi2 and SK Saha2
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- 1Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, India
- 1Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India
*Corresponding author:
Ranjan Kumar, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
Received: April 09, 2018; Published: April 17, 2018
DOI: 10.32474/CDVS.2018.01.000105
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Abstract
Thermal stress or heat stress can be defined as the sum of
external forces to a homoeothermic animal that acts to displace
body temperature from the resting state. Such a stress can disrupt
the physiologic and productive performance of an animal. The
increase in body temperature caused by heat stress has direct,
adverse consequences on cellular functions. The livestock’s by
homeotherms to the stabilize body temperature within fairly
narrow limits is essential to control biochemical reactions and
physiological processes within normal metabolism [1]. In order to
maintain homeothermy, an animal must be in thermal equilibrium
with its environment, which includes radiation, air temperature,
air movement and humidity. Body temperature is regulated by
modulation of metabolic heat production and heat loss from the
body through sensible and insensible means. The deviation in
ambient temperature below or above the thermoneutral zone (5-
250C) causes thermal stress to the animals. Cattle and buffaloes can
maintain their physiological processes within the normal limits in
an ambient temperature of 5-250C [2]. Hot humid season is more
stressful to livestock species compared to hot dry season mainly
due to lower evaporate and heat loss from the animal body. The
evaporate heat loss takes place through respiratory tract (panting)
and skin surface (sweating) in animals. Nonevaporate heat exchange
occurs through conduction, convection and radiation and depends
on temperature gradients between animal and surrounding
environment and vice versa. Heat stress causes behavioral and
metabolic changes and thereby reduces feed intake and metabolic
activity and ultimately decline in animal’s productivity.
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