Comparative Study of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ElISA) and Rapid Test Screening Methods on HIV, HBsAg, HCV and Syphilis among Voluntary Donors in Owerri, Nigeria Volume 2 - Issue 3

Okorie HM¹, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi¹*, Okpoli Henry Chijindu Henry² and Chukwu Stella Nchekwubedi³

• ¹Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
• ²Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Nigeria
• ³Department of Nursing Science, Ebonyi State University, Nigeria

Received: July 18, 2020   Published: August 07, 2020

Corresponding author:Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria

DOI: 10.32474/JCCM.2020.02.000137

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Abstract

A comparative study of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rapid test screening method on HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among voluntary donors was investigated on 350 subjects in Owerri. They were 250 males and 100 females, all ranging from the age of 21-50 years. Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIS) are the major problem associated with blood transfusion. Accurate estimates of risk of TIIS are essential for monitoring the safety of blood supply and evaluating the efficacy of currently employed screening procedures for immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1 and 2) hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HVC) and syphilis using both enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rapid test screening method. For HIV 1 & 2 screening test, the female donors shows significant increase (P<0.05) between the ELISA and Rapid test method while there is no significant increase (P>0.05) between the ELISA and rapid test method for male donors. Hepatitis B virus screening test shows a significant increase (P<0.05) between ELISA and rapid test method for female donors, while there is no significant increase (P>0.05) between the two methods for male donor. Also hepatitis C Virus screening test shows a significant increase (P<0.05) between the two methods for the female donors and shows no significant increase (P>0.05) for male donors. However, there is significant increase (P<0.05) between ELISA and rapid test method for syphilis screening test among female donors while there is no significant increase (P>0.05) for the male donors. This study shows that there is a difference between the two test method, hence indicated that 30(8.57%) infected units of blood would have been transfused due to false negative results with rapid test method. It was found in this study that prevalence of TTIs were high in females than the males.

Keywords:ELISA; Rapid test; HIV; Hepatitis; Syphilis; Blood transfusion

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