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ISSN: 2637-4668

Trends in Civil Engineering and its Architecture

Research Article(ISSN: 2637-4668)

Physico-Chemical Analysis and Modelling of Ground Water Quality Parameters Using Water Quality Index Method (WQI) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Volume 2 - Issue 2

Ilaboya IR* and Kayode Ojo N

  • Author Information Open or Close
    • Department of Civil Engineering, University of Benin, Nigeria

    *Corresponding author: Ilaboya IR, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Received: April 30, 2018;   Published: May 11, 2018

DOI: 10.32474/TCEIA.2018.02.000134

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Abstract

Groundwater is one of the major sources of water. It is affected by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors. As groundwater use has increased, issue associated with the quality of groundwater resources have likewise grown in importance. In this study, mathematical modelling technique for water quality index computation and multivariate statistical using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed to evaluate and analyze the variability of ground water quality in parts of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Various ground water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, total solids (TS), sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, lead, cadmium, zinc and chloride from twelve boreholes of known coordinates were investigated. Results of the computed water quality index indicate a latent variation in ground water quality of the study area. Although the index revealed an adequate ground water quality in the study area, a variation of 85.610% to 94.204% was observed. In addition, results of the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that; phosphate, chloride and total dissolved solids are the three most important variables affecting the quality of the borehole water within the study area.

Keywords: Principal component analysis; Water quality index; Ground water; Electrical conductivity; Total dissolved solids

Abbrevations: PCA: Principal Component Analysis; WQI: Water Quality Index; GA: Ground Water; EC: Electrical Conductivity; TDS: Total Dissolved Solids; DO: Dissolved Oxygen; TSS: Total Suspended Solids

Abstract| Introduction| Research Methodology| Result and Discussion| Conclusion| Appendix| References|

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