Evaluation of the Crystal and Particle Characteristics of the Biofield Energy Treated Antimony Metal Powder Volume 4 - Issue 1

Gopal Nayak¹, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi¹, Alice Branton¹, Dahryn Trivedi¹ and Snehasis Jana²*

• ¹Trivedi Global, Inc., USA
• ²Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., India

Received: February 19, 2019;   Published: April 10, 2019

*Corresponding author: Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, India

DOI: 10.32474/AOICS.2019.04.000179

Abstract PDF

Antimony has many applications in metals, electronics, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals field. In this study, the influence of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of antimony powder was evaluated using sophisticated analytical techniques. The test sample antimony powder was divided into two parts. The control sample did not receive the Biofield Energy Treatment, while the Biofield Energy Treated sample received the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak. The powder X-ray diffraction peak intensities of the treated antimony were significantly altered ranging from -34.44% to 22.53% compared to the control sample. Similarly, the crystallite sizes of the treated antimony were significantly altered ranging from -0.3% to 96.44% compared to the control sample. However, the average crystallite size of the treated antimony was significantly increased by 45.96% compared with the control sample. The particle size values in the treated antimony powder were significantly altered by 39.79% (d₁₀), -3.03% (d₅₀), 4.12% (d₉₀), and 3.49% {D(4,3)}, compared to the control sample. Consequently, the specific surface area of the treated antimony powder (0.693m²/g) was significantly decreased by 35.83% compared with the control sample (1.08m²/g). The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might have generated a new polymorphic form of antimony which would improve the appearance, shape, powder flowability, and thermal stability compared with the untreated sample. The Trivedi Effect® Treated antimony would be more useful for designing better pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, i.e., antimonials (emetics), meglumine antimoniate, antiprotozoal drugs, anti-schistosomal, veterinary preparations (anthiomaline and skin conditioner in ruminants), nourishing or conditioner of keratinized tissues. It can also be useful for the heavy industries for the production of alloys, solders, electrical cables, fire retardant, bullets, plain bearings, microelectronics, etc.

Keywords: Antimony; Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment; The Trivedi Effect®; PXRD; Particle size

Antimony (Sb) is found in nature mainly in the form of sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb₂S₃). Antimony has four established allotropes, in which one is the stable metallic form and three are metastable forms (black, yellow, and explosive). Antimony has two stable isotopes, such as ¹²¹Sb (57.36%) and ¹²³Sb (42.64%), 35 radioisotopes and 29 metastable states have been characterized [1]. In the industrial application point of view, antimony has 60% consumption in flame retardants, and 20% is used in alloys for the lead–acid batteries, plain bearings, and solders. The antimony, lead, and tin alloy has improved properties for solders, electrical cables, bullets, and plain bearings [2]. Antimony is used as a stabilizer and a catalyst for the production of polyethylene terephthalate. It has an emerging demand in microelectronics [2-5]. Antimony compounds since from ancient times were used as medicine and cosmetics, i.e., meglumine antimoniate, antimonials (emetics), antiprotozoal drugs, anti-schistosomal, several veterinary preparations (anthiomaline and skin conditioner in ruminants), nourishing or conditioner of keratinized tissues [2,6]. It is very toxic by inhalation and ingestion, cause dermatitis on prolonged skin contact. It is denser than water, insoluble in water, and slightly oxidized in the air [2,7].

The physical and chemical properties of any substance play a crucial role in manufacturing and other industrial purpose. The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment was experimentally proved to have a significant impact on the physicochemical properties of metals, ceramics, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical compounds [8-11]. The Trivedi Effect® is a natural and lone scientifically established phenomenon in which a person can harness this intelligent energy from the “Universe” and can transfer it anywhere on the planet through the possible mediation of neutrinos [12]. The “Biofield” is a unique energy field exists surrounding the body of every living organisms, which is infinite, para-dimensional electromagnetic field. The Biofield based Energy Therapies have been reported with significant outcomes against various disease conditions [13]. The National Institutes of Health and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine recommend and included the Energy therapy under Complementary and Alternative Medicine category along with Ayurveda, Reiki, etc., which has been accepted by most of the U.S.A. people [14,15]. The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment also proved with significant outcome in various nonliving and living object(s), i.e., polymers [16,17], minerals [18,19], organic compounds [20,21], cancer cells [22,23], microorganisms [24,25], and crops [26,27]. This research work was designed to identify the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical properties of antimony powder using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and particle size analysis (PSA).

Chemicals and reagents

The test sample antimony powder was purchased from Parshwamani Metals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and the other chemicals used during the experiments also purchased in India.

Consciousness energy healing treatment strategies

The test sample antimony powder sample was divided into two parts and teamed as a control and a Biofield Energy Treated sample. The control sample did not receive the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment. But, the control sample was treated with a “sham” healer who did not have any knowledge about the Biofield Energy and its treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) procedure. However, the treated part of antimony powder was received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely under standard laboratory conditions for 3 minutes through the healer’s unique energy transmission process by the well-known Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak (India). After the treatment, both the antimony powder samples were kept in sealed conditions and characterized using PXRD and PSA analytical techniques.

Characterization

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis

The powder X-ray diffraction analysis of the control and the Biofield Energy Treated antimony powder was performed with the help of Rigaku MiniFlex-II Desktop X-ray diffractometer (Japan) [28,29]. The individual crystallite size was calculated from XRD data by means of the Scherrer’s formula (1)

Where k is the equipment constant, G is the crystallite size in nm, β is the full-width at half maximum, λ is the radiation wavelength, and θ is the Bragg angle [30].

The % change in crystallite size of antimony was calculated using the following equation 2:

Particle size analysis (PSA)

The particle size analysis of antimony powder was conducted on Malvern Mastersizer 2000, UK using wet method [31,32]. The percent change in particle size and surface area were calculated using equation 2.

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis

The powder XRD diffractograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated antimony showed the sharp and intense peaks (Figure 1) indicated that both the samples were crystalline. The diffractograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated antimony showed the highest peak intensity at 2θ equal to 28.91° and 28.86°, respectively (Table 1, entry 2). All the peak intensities of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony were significantly altered ranging from -34.44% to 22.53% compared to the control sample (Table 1, entry 1-10). Similarly, the crystallite sizes of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony were significantly altered ranging from -0.3% to 96.44% compared to the control sample. However, the average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony was significantly increased by 45.96% compared with the control sample.

Table 1: PXRD data of the control and Biofield Energy Treated antimony.

Figure 1: Powder XRD diffractograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated antimony.

The modification of the crystallite sizes has a significant impact on the crystal properties of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony compared to the control sample. The peak intensity of each diffraction face of the crystalline compound changes according to the crystal morphology [33]. The alterations in the peak intensities and crystallite sizes provide proof of polymorphic transitions [34,35]. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Treated antimony might have produced new polymorphic form after the Trivedi Effect®- Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment probably via the mediation of neutrino oscillation [12]. Different polymorphic forms of any compounds have significant effects on the thermodynamic and physicochemical properties, which are different from the original one [36,37]. The Biofield Energy Treated antimony would be better for designing novel cosmetics or pharmaceutical formulation and also for the other heavy industry applications.

Particle size analysis (PSA)

The PSA of both the test sample were performed, and the distribution curves are presented in Figure 2. The particle size distribution curve of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony was significantly different compared to the control sample (Figure 2). The particle size values of the control antimony at d₁₀, d₅₀, d₉₀, and D(4,3) were 2.79μm, 13.98μm, 63.98μm, and 25.05μm, respectively. Similarly, the particle sizes of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony at d₁₀, d₅₀, d₉₀, and D(4,3) were 3.9μm, 13.55μm, 66.57μm, and 25.93μm respectively. The particle size values in the Biofield Energy Treated antimony were significantly altered at d₁₀, d₅₀, d₉₀, and D(4,3) by 39.79%, -3.03%, 4.12%, and 3.49%, respectively compared to the control antimony. The specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony powder (0.693m²/g) was significantly decreased by 35.83% compared with the control sample (1.08m²/g). The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might have acted as an external force for decreasing the internal energy; hence significantly increased the particle size and decreased the surface area of antimony powder particles compared to the control sample. The increased particle size of the antimony powder would be helpful in enhancing the appearance, shape, flowability, and thermal stability of the compound [38,39]. Thus, the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treated antimony would be helpful for designing better nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulation and also useful for the other industrial applications (Table 2).

Figure 2: PSD curve of the control and Biofield Energy Treated antimony.

Table 2: PSD data of the control and Biofield Energy Treated antimony.

SSA: the specific surface area, and d₁₀, d₅₀ and d₉₀: particle diameter corresponding to 10%, 50%, and 90% of the cumulative distribution, D(4,3): the average mass-volume diameter.

The Biofield Energy Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) showed significant effects on the physicochemical properties, i.e., crystallite size, particle size, and surface area of antimony powder. The powder X-ray diffraction peak intensities of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony powder were significantly altered ranging from -34.44% to 22.53% compared to the control sample. Similarly, the crystallite sizes of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony were significantly altered ranging from -0.3% to 96.44% compared to the control sample. However, the average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony powder was significantly increased by 45.96% compared with the control sample. The particle size values in the Biofield Energy Treated antimony powder were considerably altered by 39.79% (d₁₀), -3.03% (d₅₀), 4.12% (d₉₀), and 3.49% {D(4,3)}, compared to the control sample. Consequently, the specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated antimony powder (0.693m²/g) was significantly decreased by 35.83% compared with the control sample (1.08m²/g). The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might lead to generate a novel polymorphic form of antimony which would improve the appearance, shape, powder flowability, and thermal stability compared with the untreated sample. The Trivedi Effect® Treated antimony would be more useful for designing better pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, i.e., antimonials (emetics), meglumine antimoniate, antiprotozoal drugs, anti-schistosomal, veterinary preparations (anthiomaline and skin conditioner in ruminants), nourishing or conditioner of keratinized tissues. It can also be useful for the heavy industries for the production of alloys, solders, electrical cables, fire retardant, bullets, plain bearings, microelectronics, etc.

1. Audi G, Bersillon O, Blachot J, Wapstra AH (2003) The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics A. Atomic Mass Data Center 729(1): 3-128.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony
3. Ipser H, Flandorfer H, Luef Ch, Schmetterer C, Saeed U (2007) Thermodynamics and phase diagrams of lead-free solder materials. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 18(1-3): 3-17.
4. John WH (1973) Mass spectrometric studies of flame inhibition: Analysis of antimony trihalides in flames. Combustion and Flame 21(1): 49-54.
5. William CO Mara, Robert BH, Philip HL (1990) Handbook of semiconductor silicon technology. William Andrew, p. 473.
6. Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (1995) Drugs used in parasitic diseases. pp. 19-21.
7. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ antimony#section=Physical-Description
8. Nayak G, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Jana S (2018) Evaluation of the effect of consciousness energy healing treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of selenium. Journal of New Developments in Chemistry 2(1): 13-23.
9. Nayak G, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Jana S (2018) Evaluation of the physicochemical and thermal properties of chromium trioxide (CrO₃): Impact of consciousness energy healing treatment. Research & Development in Material Science 8: 1-6.
10. Branton A, Trivedi MK, Trivedi D, Nayak G (2018) Evaluation of the physicochemical and thermal properties of the biofield energy healing treated ofloxacin. J Pharm Pharmaceutics 5(2): 80-87.
11. Nayak G, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Jana S (2018) Evaluation of the consciousness energy healing treated berberine chloride using PXRD, PSA, and DSC Analysis. Food Sci Nutr Technol 3(6).
12. Trivedi MK, Mohan TRR (2016) Biofield energy signals, energy transmission and neutrinos. American Journal of Modern Physics 5(6): 172-176.
13. Rubik B, Muehsam D, Hammerschlag R, Jain S (2015) Biofield science and healing: history, terminology, and concepts. Glob Adv Health Med 4(Suppl): 8-14.
14. Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL (2008) Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Report 12: 1-23.
15. Koithan M (2009) Introducing complementary and alternative therapies. J Nurse Pract 5(1): 18-20.
16. Nayak G, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Jana S (2018) Physicochemical and thermal properties of consciousness energy healing treated hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin. Med & Analy Chem Int J 2(3).
17. Nayak G, Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Jana S (2018) Evaluation of the physicochemical and thermal properties of consciousness energy healing treated polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). Journal of Food Science and Technology 5(3): 117-125.
18. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Lee AC, et al. (2017) A comprehensive analytical evaluation of the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride. American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5: 7-18.
19. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Wellborn BD, et al. (2017) Characterization of physicochemical, thermal, structural, and behavioral properties of magnesium gluconate after treatment with the energy of consciousness. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry 3(1): 1-12.
20. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Panda P, et al. (2016) Mass spectrometric analysis of isotopic abundance ratio in biofield energy treated thymol. Frontiers in Applied Chemistry 1(1): 1-8.
21. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Sethi KK, et al. (2016) Evaluation of isotopic abundance ratio in biofield energy treated nitrophenol derivatives using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. American Journal of Chemical Engineering 4(3): 68-77.
22. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) The potential impact of biofield treatment on human brain tumor cells: A time-lapse video microscopy. J Integr Oncol 4: 141.
23. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) In vitro evaluation of biofield treatment on cancer biomarkers involved in endometrial and prostate cancer cell lines. J Cancer Sci Ther 7: 253-257.
24. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical characteristics and biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An impact of biofield energy treatment. J Women’s Health Care 4: 271.
25. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antibiogram of multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after biofield treatment. J Infect Dis Ther 3: 244.
26. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Effect of biofield energy treatment on chlorophyll content, pathological study, and molecular analysis of cashew plant (Anacardium occidentale L.). Journal of Plant Sciences 3: 372-382.
27. Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Agronomic characteristics, growth analysis, and yield response of biofield treated mustard, cowpea, horse gram, and groundnuts. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics 3(6): 74-80.
28. (1997) Desktop X-ray Diffractometer “MiniFlex+”. The Rigaku Journal 14(1): 29-36.
29. Zhang T, Paluch K, Scalabrino G, Frankish N, Healy AM, et al. (2015) Molecular structure studies of (1S,2S)-2-benzyl-2,3-dihydro-2- (1Hinden-2-yl)-1H-inden-1-ol. J Mol Struct 1083: 286-299.
30. Langford JI, Wilson AJC (1978) Scherrer after sixty years: A survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size. J Appl Cryst 11(2): 102-113.
31. Trivedi MK, Sethi KK, Panda P, Jana S (2017) A comprehensive physicochemical, thermal, and spectroscopic characterization of zinc (II) chloride using X‑ray diffraction, particle size distribution, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet‑visible, and Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy. Int J Pharm Investig 7(1): 33-40.
32. Trivedi MK, Sethi KK, Panda P, Jana S (2017) Physicochemical, thermal and spectroscopic characterization of sodium selenate using XRD, PSD, DSC, TGA/DTG, UV-vis, and FT-IR. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 21(2): 311-318.
33. Inoue M, Hirasawa I (2013) The relationship between crystal morphology and XRD peak intensity on CaSO₄.2H₂O. J Crystal Growth 380: 169-175.
34. Raza K, Kumar P, Ratan S, Malik R, Arora S (2014) Polymorphism: The phenomenon affecting the performance of drugs. SOJ Pharm Pharm Sci 1: 10.
35. Brittain HG (2009) Polymorphism in pharmaceutical solids in Drugs and Pharmaceutical Sciences, volume 192, (2_nd edn), Informa Healthcare, Inc., New York, USA.
36. Censi R, Martino PD (2015) Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and stability of poorly soluble drugs. Molecules 20(10): 18759-18776.
37. Blagden N, de Matas M, Gavan PT, York P (2007) Crystal engineering of active pharmaceutical ingredients to improve solubility and dissolution rates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59(7): 617-630.
38. Mosharrof M, Nystrom C (1995) The effect of particle size and shape on the surface specific dissolution rate of microsized practically insoluble drugs. Int J Pharm 122(1-2): 35-47.
39. Buckton G, Beezer AE (1992) The relationship between particle size and solubility. Int J Pharmaceutics 82(3): R7-R10.